6 Human Resources and Organizational Behaviour II

Question 1

How can subdivision of work help an org?

Answer 1

Increases efficiency

Question 2

When does division of labour become necessary?

Answer 2

When org grows and work becomes more complex

Question 3

Formalization refers to the degree to which organizations standardize behaviour through rules, procedures, formal training, and related mechanisms.

What issue do employees face due to formalization?

Answer 3

They feel disempowered

Question 4

What is the “McDonaldization of pharmacy”?

Answer 4

When pharmacies, through the process of formalization, standardize behaviour such that every pharmacy becomes similar in terms of how everything is operated and organized. Focus is on efficiency and rules.

Question 5

Diff b/w centralization and decentralization?

Answer 5

Centralization: Decisions are made by a few ppl at the top

Decentralization: Decisions are made by many people throughout the org

Question 6

How has the way feedback is given to an employee changed?

Answer 6

In the past, only the manager would give feedback. Now, 360-feedback is given whereby multiple sources are asked regarding the performance of an employee (and even the employee him/herself is asked)

Question 7

Role conflict may cause stress in a person. What is this?

Answer 7

When there’s an incompatibility b/w a person’s values and work roles

OR

b/w two conflicting roles

OR

b/w expectations of a person’s role (i.e. you’re expected to do two conflicting things)

Question 8

Give an example of role conflict in community pharm:

Answer 8

The professional and business roles of a pharmacist > fill as many Rx’s or provide the best care for each ind pt at the expense of filling less?

Question 9

Why would downsizing cause stress?

Answer 9

The remaining workers feel like their job is unstable, and they may have more workloads and even guilt that they weren’t laid off yet others were.

Question 10

The ability to cope w/ stress is termed…

Answer 10

resiliency

Question 11

Name some ways one can deal with stress:

Answer 11

1. relaxation and meditation
2. social support
3. flexible work-time
4. personal leave

Question 12

How can conflict in an org be beneficial?

Answer 12

1. it can help improve decision making

2. it can strengthen how a team works together

Question 13

How can conflict in an org hurt your org?

Answer 13

1. spending E arguing > less time being productive
2. weakens knowledge management > not listening to what others are saying since you’re only thinking about what your next rebuttal will be
3. increases stress, absenteeism, quitting, job dissatisfaction

Question 14

What are the types of conflict? Which is more constructive and useful?

Answer 14

Constructive (task-related) conflict and socioemotional (relationship) conflict

Tasked-related conflict is more useful > conflict is aimed at the issue, not the inds involved

Question 15

How can we reduce socioemotional conflict?

Answer 15

1. Ctrl emotions more
2. have more trust among team members
3. don’t take other’s words as insults

Question 16

To reduce conflict, one can reduce differentiation. How?

Answer 16

1. Understand diffs in beliefs and values b/w employees
2. work in diff departments/wards
3. common dress code
4. spend more time with others (“contact hypothesis”) after reducing differentiation

Question 17

The bargaining zone model is what?

Answer 17

A model that aims to resolve conflict by having the conflicting parties “meet in the middle”

Question 18

Describe the responses of dissatisfaction:
Exit:
Voice:
Loyalty:
Neglect

Answer 18

Exit: quit the job
Voice: complaining, changing the situation
Loyalty: patiently waiting for the situation to improve
Neglect: “half-assing it”