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Psych 101! > Test Two > Flashcards

Test Two Flashcards

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1
Q

sensation

A

process of detecting physical energies from the environment

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2
Q

transduction

A

transforming physical energy into electrochemical energy

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3
Q

perception

A

brain organizing and interpreting sensory info and giving it meaning

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4
Q

bottom-up processing

A

Sensory input, outside world influences perception

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5
Q

top-down process

A

Cognitive process, internal world’s influence on perception

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6
Q

selective attention

A

focusing on one aspect while ignoring others

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7
Q

sensory adaptation

A

change in responsiveness of sensory system, based on level of surrounding stimulation

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8
Q

synesthesia

A

one sense induces another sense

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9
Q

retina

A

light sensitive surface with receptors (rods and cones)

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10
Q

sclera

A

white part of eye

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11
Q

iris

A

color part of the eye

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12
Q

pupil

A

opening of the eye

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13
Q

lens

A

focuses light on retina

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14
Q

cornea

A

outside cover of eye

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15
Q

optic nerve

A

transmits impulse from retina to brain

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16
Q

astigmatism

A

misshapen cornea or lens

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17
Q

pinna

A

localization of sound, outer ear

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18
Q

ear drum

A

vibrates in response to sounds

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19
Q

basilar membrane

A

balance

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20
Q

thermoreceptor

A

feels warm or cold

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21
Q

pressure

A

different sensitivities around the body

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22
Q

pain

A

sensation for danger

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23
Q

fast pain pathway

A

thalamus

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24
Q

chronic pain pathway

A

limbic system

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25
Q

development

A

a pattern of change in human capabilities

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26
Q

when does development begin?

A

conception

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27
Q

germinal stage

A

zygote, massive cell division (1-2 wks)

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28
Q

embryonic period

A

organs appear, brain and spinal cord (3-8 wks)

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29
Q

fetal period

A

organs mature so that life can continue without the mother (2 months-birth)

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30
Q

testosterone

A

voice change, height, facial hair

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31
Q

estrogen/estrodiol

A

uterus and skeletal development

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32
Q

early adulthood

A

peak of physical development, developing damaging lifestyle choices

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33
Q

middle adulthood

A

signs of aging, less fitness, menopause

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34
Q

late adulthood

A

accumulated wear and tear, less ability to repair and regenerate

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35
Q

young elderly

A

slower mental function, wisdom, semi-active

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36
Q

elderly

A

arthritis, hypertension, osteoporosis, weight loss

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37
Q

frail elderly

A

alziheimers and dementia

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38
Q

human life span capacity

A

120 years

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39
Q

trust vs mistrust

A

0-18 years, attachment to caregiver

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40
Q

autonomy vs shame and doubt

A

1-3 years, independence or shame, discover their own will

41
Q

initiative vs guilt

A

3-5 years, assume responsibility for self

42
Q

industry vs inferiority

A

6-12 years, mastering knowledge, self esteem

43
Q

identity vs role confusion

A

12-18, autonomy from parents, importance of peers, independence

44
Q

intimacy vs isolation

A

18-34, forming intimate relationships with others, career, work/life balance

45
Q

generativity vs stagnation

A

34-60, managing career and household, legacy, assist younger generations

46
Q

integrity vs despair

A

60-75+, life review, regrets, self-acceptance

47
Q

authoritarian parenting style

A

controlling, punitive

48
Q

authoritative

A

encourage independence with limits, negotiator

49
Q

neglectful

A

parents uninvolved

50
Q

permissive

A

highly involved, place few limits

51
Q

temperment

A

behavioral style or characteristic way of responding

52
Q

easy temperment

A

positive, adaptable

53
Q

difficult temperment

A

negatively, irregular routines, non-adaptable

54
Q

slow-to-warm

A

low activity, somewhat negative, low adaptability and intensity of mood

55
Q

photoreception

A

detection of light

56
Q

mechanoreception

A

detection of pressure, vibration and movement

57
Q

absolute threshold

A

minimum amount of stimulus energy a person can detect

58
Q

difference threshold

A

degree of difference that must exist between two stimuli for the senses

59
Q

subliminal perceptions

A

the detection of information below the level of concious awareness

60
Q

priming

A

the activation of information that people already have stored in their mind to help them remember new info better and faster

61
Q

signal detection theory

A

approach to perception that focuses on descision making about stimuli under conditions of uncertainty

62
Q

criterion

A

the standards that will be used to make a decision

63
Q

attention

A

the process of focusing awareness on a narrow aspect of the environment

64
Q

selective attention

A

focusing on specific aspect of an experience while ignoring others (cocktail party)

65
Q
A
66
Q

insomnia

A

inability to sleep

67
Q

who is most affected by insomnia?

A

women, older adults, thinner people, stressed and depressed

68
Q

Sleep talking occurs in…

A

the deepest sleep

69
Q

nightmare

A

frightening dreams during REM, times of stress

70
Q

night terrors

A

sudden arousal from sleep with an intense fear, non-REM sleep

71
Q

narcolepsy

A

overpowering urge to sleep while being active, inherited

72
Q

when someone with narcolepsy has a sleeping episode, they are in what stage of sleep?

A

REM

73
Q

sleep apnea

A

stop breathing while sleeping because windpipe fails to open

74
Q

who is affected by sleep apnea the most?

A

infants, older adults, obese persons

75
Q

manifest content

A

symbols you remember seeing in the dream

76
Q

Psychodynamic approach to dreams

A

unconcious attempt to fulfill needs

77
Q

latent content

A

dreams unconcious meaning/hidden content

78
Q

cognitive theory of dreams

A

info processing and memory, where we solve problems

79
Q

activation-synthesis theory of dreams

A

brain makes sense of random brain activity

80
Q

psychoactive drugs

A

alter conciousness, modify perceptions, change mood

81
Q

depressants

A

slow down mental and physical activity

82
Q

stimulants

A

increase cns activity

83
Q

hallucinogens

A

modify perceptual experience

84
Q

consciousness

A

awareness of external events and internal sensations

85
Q

higher level conciousness

A

controlled processing, focus efforts towards a goal, alert

86
Q

lower-level conciousness

A

automatic processes, doesn’t interfere with on going activities, daydreaming

87
Q

altered states of consciousness

A

notably different than normal awareness

88
Q

subconscious awareness

A

incubation, coma, sleep and dreams

89
Q

no awareness

A

unconscious/censored thought, being “knocked out”

90
Q

beta waves

A

awake and alert

91
Q

alpha waves

A

relaxed and drowsy

92
Q

first stage: light sleep

A

theta waves

93
Q

second stage

A

theta waves, sleep spindles

94
Q

stage three: deep sleep

A

delta waves, muscles relaxed

95
Q

stage four: deepest sleep

A

delta waves, difficult to wake up

96
Q

stage four: REM sleep

A

eeg similar to relaxed wakefulness, rapid eye movement

97
Q

how long is one sleep cycle?

A

90-100 mins

98
Q

how many sleep cycles per night?

A

5

Psych 101! (3 decks)

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