Test Four Flashcards
personality
a pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world
psychodynamic perspective
personality is unconcious, early childhood, conflict b/w society and bio needs
psychodynamic perspective on personality
sex drive is main cause of personality development
Id
instinct, largest structure in personality, completely unconcious
Ego
mostly unconcious, completes tasks/motivation
Superego
smallest component of personality, morality, “concscience”
defense mechanism
reduce anxiety by unconciously distorting reality
repression
pushes unacceptable impulses out of awareness
erongenous zones
parts of body that bring pleasure
oral stage
0-18 months, pleasure = mouth
anal stage
18-36 months, pleasure = passing stool
phallic stage
3-6 years, pleasure = genitals
latency stage
6-puberty, repressed sexuality
genital stage
adolescence-adulthood, sexual re-awakening, pleasure = someone else
oedipal complex
desire to replace same-sex parent with and enjoy the affection of the opposite parent
Karen Horney’s Approach
both sexes envy the attributes of the other, need for SECURITY, not sex
collective unconcious (Carl Jung)
deepest layer of unconcious mind, shared by all humans because of common ancestry
archetypes
rich and symbolic meaning in personality (personality tropes)
Shadow
aspects of our personality we do not like about ourselves
trait
enduring disposition that leads to characteristic responses
trait theories
we describe ourselves by our traits, building blocks of personality
behavioral approach to personality
personality = learned, environmental experience
social cognitive approach to personality
emphasis on concious awareness, beliefs, expectations and goals
reciprocal determinism
behavior, environment, cognitive factors combine to create personality
humanistic perspective on personality
emphazises positive qualities, personal growth, freedom to choose destiny
Carl Rogers’ humanistic pov
we distort or devalue our trueselves to fit in, lose sense of self
positive self-concept
unconditional positive regard, empathy, genuiness
abnormal behavior
behavior thats deviant, maladaptive, personally distressing
biological approach to abnormal behavior
brain, genetics, biological origins
psychological approach to abnormal behavior
thoughts, emotions, personality
sociocultural approach to abnormal behavior
social context
biopsychosocial model for abnormal behavior
interaction of bio, psycho, and social factors
DSM-5 advantages
common basis, helps clinicians diagnose
DSM-5 disadvantages
stigma, medical terminology implies internal cause, focuses on weakness
anxiety-related disorders
uncontrollable fears that are disproportionate and disruptive
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
persistent anxiety for at least 6 months, unspecified reasons for the anxiety
GAD etiology
genetics, neurotransmitter deficiency, harsh self-standards, lots of stressors
Panic disorder
recurrent, sudden onset of intense terror that occur without warning
Panic disorder etiology
runs in families, GABA deficency
specific phobia
irrational, overwhelming persistent fear of an object or situation
phobias are learned…
through experience
Social Anxiety Disorder
intense fear of being embarrassed or humiliated in social situations
SAD etiology
genetic, serotonin, overprotective or rejecting parents
OCD
persistent anxiety provoking thoughts, repetition
PTSD
result of exposure to traumatic event, flashbacks, constricted emotions
mood disorder
mood disturbance that affects entire emotional state
mood depressive disorder
significant depressive episode that lasts for 2 weeks
anhedonia
reduced interest in activities that were once enjoyable
MDD etiology
genetic, underactive pre-frontal cortex, learned helplessness
bipolar disorder
extreme mood swings that include mania
mania
extreme feelings of euphoria, energy, impulsivity
how far away are bipolar manic episodes
6 months
bipolar etiology
genetic, metabolic activity, equally common in both genders
schizophrenia
severe thought disorder characterized by highly disordered thoughts
delusion
false beliefs
schizophrenia etiology
genetics, structure abnormalities
biological therapies
reduce symptoms by altering body functions
3 forms of bio therapies
drugs, electric shock, psycho surgery
anti-anxiety drugs
tranqs, clamer, prone to tolerance
anti-depressant drugs
regulate mood, SSRis, moderate improvement
anti-psychotic drugs
neuroleptics, reduce agitation and hallucinations
electro-convulsive drugs
small shocks produces seizure, treats severe depression
psychosurgery
remove part of brain tissue to better one’s function
psychotherapy
process that helps people recognize and overcome psychological difficulties
psychodynamic approach to therapy
early childhood, recognize maladaptive behavior
psychodynamic therapy goals
help clients recognize maladaptive behavior , identify source of conflict
humanistic approach to therapy
focuses on one’s approach to self heal
behavior therapies
overt behavior change rather than insights or self-underline causes
systematic desensitization
develop heirarchy of fears, create calming techneiques, allow exposure
cognitive therapies
goals=cognitive restructuring, thoughts and cognitions are primary source of psych problems
Ellis’ rational-emotive behavior therapy
helping to identify irrational and self defeating beliefs
Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
looking at illogical thoughts by idenfitying and challenging said thoughts
sociocultural approach to therapy
self-help support groups conducted by paraprofessional
group therapy
group shares disorder, led by therapist
