Test One Flashcards
psychology
scientific study of behavior and mental processes
behavior
something that can be directly observed
critical thinking
process of thinking reflectively and productively, evaluating the evidence
psychology is rooted in…
Western Philosophy, biology and physiology
Father of Psych?
Wilheim Wundt
Wundt’s Structualism
focusing on structures of the mind
introspection?
looking inside at oneself
James’ Functionalism
purposes/functions of the mind
3 main components of Psychodynamic Approach?
unconcious aspects of the mind, conflict b/w biological needs and society’s demands, early experiences
behavioral approach
how behavior is shaped by environment
cognitive approach
“we are what we think”, info processing
social cognitive approach
behavior is determined by how our thoughts modify the impact of environment on behavior
pseudoscience
info that is using science wording but is actually fake
empirical method
gaining knowledge through the observation of events, collection of data, logical reasoning
positive psychology
branch of psych that emphasizes human strengths
4 attitudes of the scientific approach
critical thinking, skepticism, objectivity, curiosity
natural selection
principle of evolutionary process that organisms are better adapted to their environment will produce more offspring
first black psychology researcher
Charles Henry Turner
biological approach
focusing on the body, brain, nervous system
.
behavioral approach
focusing on the scientific study of observable behavioral responses and their environment determinants
psychodynamic approach
focusing on unconscious though, biological drives vs. society
humanistic approach
emphasizes a person’s positive qualities, positive growth, and freedom to choose one’s destiny
conciousness
the experience that represents our inner mental life
evolutionary approach
adaptation, reproduction, natural selection as the basic for explaining human behaviors
socio-cultural approach
how social + cultural elements explain behavior
scientific method steps
Observe, hypothesize, Test, Conclusion, Evaluate
Descriptive research
describing a phenomenon
2 observation types
naturalistic & laboratory
case study
study one individual in detail
Correlational Research
identify the relationships between 2 variables
Experimental Research
determine causation
Experimenter Bias
conductor of experimenter has no bias or influence over data
Research Participant Bias
the participant skewing answers b/c of what they think they are being tested on
Double-blind experiment
neither the experimenter or the participants know who is control or experimental group
population
entire group about whom conclusion is to be drawn
sample
portion of population that is observed
representative sample
characteristics similar to population
random sample
each individual in the population has the equal chance of being selected
statistics
mathematical methods used to report data
where do participants rights come from
APA
rules for studies:
beneficial to society, informed consent, withdraw, confidentialty, deception
neuroscience
study of the body’s electrochemical communication
central nervous system
brain and spine, 99% of nerves
peripheral nervous system
messenger for CNS
Somatic nervous system
sensory and motor nerves, muscular activity
autonomic nervous system
internal organs (sympathetic and parasympathetic)
afferent nerves
sensory nerves, RECIEVE incoming info from body to CNS
efferent nerves
motor, SEND commands from brain to body
glial cells
provide support and nutrition
neurons
(100 billion in the brain) process information
3 parts of the neuron
cell body, dendrites, axon (myelin sheath)
neuron cell body
nucleus, cell preservation
dendrites
recieve messages from other neurons
axon
carries message to next neuron
synapse
space between 2 neurons
neurotransmitters
chemicals that help cross the synapse
receptor sites
electrical impulse goes to the new neuron
Acetylcholine
muscle, learning, memory, alzheimers
GABA
anxiety calmer, anxiety disorder if deficient
norepinephrine
stress and mania (too much), depression(too little), regulates sleep
dopamine
voluntary movement, reward anticipation, parkinsons (too little), schizophrenia (too much)
serotonin
sleep, mood, attention, learning depression(too little)
endorphins
natural pain killer, pleasure and pain
oxytocin
hormone, attachment and emotional bonds, sex ew
3 parts of brain
hindbrain, midbrain and forebrain
hindbrain
basic life functions
hindbrain parts
brainstem, cerebellum, medulla, pons
medulla
breathing, reflexes
pons
sleep and arousal
cerebellum
motor coordination
midbrain
reticular formation, connects hind to front, helps with patterned behavior
4 lobes
occipital lobe, frontal, temporal, pareital
limbic structure
memory and emotion
amygdala
emotional awareness and expression, survival
hippocampus
formation and recall of memories
thalamus
relay station for sensory info
basal ganglia
coordination of voluntary movements
hypothalamus
eating, drink, sex behaviors, regulates internal state
cerebral cortex
biggest part of forebrain, thinking and planning
occipital lobe
vision
temporal lobe
hearing, language, memory
parietal lobe
spatial location, attention, motor, sensory info
frontal lobe
intelligence, personality, voluntary muscles
corpus callossum
lots of axons that connect 2 hemispheres of brain
