Test Three

Question 1

learning

Answer 1

relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs through experience

Question 2

associative learning

Answer 2

learning through association

Question 3

classical conditioning

Answer 3

associations between two stimuli

Question 4

operant conditioning

Answer 4

association between behavior and consequence

Question 5

observational learning

Answer 5

watching a behavior and replicating it

Question 6

classical learning

Answer 6

explains involuntary behavior

Question 7

operant learning

Answer 7

explains voluntary behavior

Question 8

generalization

Answer 8

respond similarily to different stimuli

Question 9

discrimination

Answer 9

respond differently to similar stimuli

Question 10

extinction

Answer 10

weakening of conditioned response and absence of unconditioned stimulus

Question 11

B.F. Skinner

Answer 11

environment enforces of eliminates behavior/responses and consequences

Question 12

consequences have what impact on behaviors?

Answer 12

they change the probablilty of its occurence

Question 13

positive reinforcement

Answer 13

pleasant stimulus is added to increase the frequency of the behavior

Question 14

negative reinforcement

Answer 14

unpleasant stimulus is removed to increase behavior

Question 15

primary reinforcement

Answer 15

something that is inately satistifying

Question 16

secondary reinforcement

Answer 16

satisfying through experience, token economy

Question 17

Premack principle

Answer 17

high probability activity can serve as reinforcement for low probability activity

Question 18

positive punishment

Answer 18

adding an unpleasant stimulus as a punishment to decrease behavior

Question 19

negative punishment

Answer 19

pleasant stimulus is removed

Question 20

observational learning

Answer 20

observing and imitating behavior

Question 21

four processes in observational learning

Answer 21

attention, retention, reproduction, reinforcement (ARRR)

Question 22

attention

Answer 22

observer must recognize the distinct features of the modeled response

Question 23

retention

Answer 23

code observation and put it into memory

Question 24

reproduction

Answer 24

capable of producing the behavior

Question 25

reinforcement

Answer 25

incentive for copying behavior

Question 26

memory

Answer 26

retention of info or experience over time

Question 27

sensory memory

Answer 27

detailed, held in sensory form, only held for a brief timee

Question 28

rehearsal

Answer 28

concious repetition of info

Question 29

chunking

Answer 29

group items by category

Question 30

elaboration

Answer 30

create story or rhyme to remember

Question 31

imagery

Answer 31

create a visual picture to remember

Question 32

short term memory

Answer 32

limited duration (30 seconds), limited capacity (7 +-2 items)

Question 33

long term

Answer 33

relatively permanent with unlimited capacity, where true learning occurs

Question 34

retrieval

Answer 34

taking info out of storage

Question 35

recall

Answer 35

retrieve previously learned infor without cues

Question 36

recognition

Answer 36

identify or recognize the previously learned item (multiple choice)

Question 37

echoic memory

Answer 37

auditory or sound

Question 38

iconic memory

Answer 38

visual memory

Question 39

serial position effect

Answer 39

tendency to remember the beginning and the end of a list, but nor as much as the middle

Question 40

autobiographical memories

Answer 40

lifetime periods, personally affected, event specific

Question 41

emotional memories

Answer 41

"flashbulb" memories traumatic events

Question 42

decay theory

Answer 42

passage of time leads to forgetting

Question 43

tip-of-the-tongue

Answer 43

can retrieve some info but not all

Question 44

prospective memory

Answer 44

remembering to do something in the future

Question 45

prospective memory content

Answer 45

what to do

Question 46

prospective memory timing

Answer 46

when to do it

Question 47

anterograde amnesia

Answer 47

inability to store new info and events

Question 48

retrograde amnesia

Answer 48

inability to remember past events

Question 49

evolutionary approach

Answer 49

instincts/patterms of behavior motivation

Question 49

motivation

Answer 49

the force that moves people to behave, think, and feel as they do

Question 50

drive reduction theory

Answer 50

drive/want for something, needs/deprivation, homeostasis

Question 51

optimum arousal theory

Answer 51

motivated to reach optimum state of alertness

Question 52

cognitive approach

Answer 52

rationality, decision making

Question 53

extrinsic motivation

Answer 53

external insentives

Question 54

intrinsic motivation

Answer 54

self-determination, effort, challenge

Question 55

social role theory

Answer 55

gender influences jobs, natural differences, gender roles and stereotypes

Question 56

SRP Stage 1

Answer 56

Excitement

Question 57

Excitement Stage

Answer 57

begins erotic response, several minutes to hours, increased blood flow to privates

Question 58

SRP Stage 2

Answer 58

Plateau

Question 59

SRP Stage 3

Answer 59

Orgasm

Question 60

Plateau

Answer 60

continuation of arousal in first phase, increased blood pressure, breathing, pulse, physical responses finished

Question 61

Orgasm

Answer 61

3-15 seconds, discharge of neuromuscular tension

Question 62

how many patterns of orgasm do women and men have respectively?

Answer 62

women=3 men=1

Question 63

SRP Stage 4

Answer 63

Resolution

Question 64

Resolution

Answer 64

blood vessels normal, lasts several minutes to day

Question 65

sexual scripts

Answer 65

stereotypes of how we act sexually

Question 66

traditional religious script

Answer 66

only marital sex, sex is for reproduction and affection

Question 67

romantic script

Answer 67

sex=love, acceptable no matter what