Test two Flashcards
What is the aspiration of a sample of amniotic fluid through themotehr’s abdomen for diagnostic analysis of fetal genetics, maturity and/or
A. Amnion
B. Amniocentesis
C. Chorion
D. Umbilical cord
B
What is the smooth membrane enclosing the fetus and the amniotic fluid; it is lossely fused with the outer chorionic membrane except at the
A. Amnion
B. Gestational sac
C. Ductus venosus
D. Chorion
A
What is the connecting lifeline between the fetus and placenta; it contains two umbilical arteries and one vein
A. Gestational sac
B. Corpus luteum
C. Umbilical cord
D. Embryo
C
What is the structure lined by the chorion that normally implants within the uterine deciduas and contains the developing embryo
A. Ebryo
B. Zygote
C. yolk sac
D. Gestational sac
D
What is the vascular structure within fetal liver that connects umbilical vein to inferior vena cava and allows oxygenated blood to bypass liver
A. Anencephaly
B. Abruptio placenta
C. Ductus venosus
D. Chorion
C
What is the functional structure within the normal ovary formed from cellls lining the graafian follicle after ovulation; produces estrogen and
A. Corpus luteum
B. Embryo
C. Zygote
D. Yolk sac
A
What is the cellular, outermost extraembryonic membrane composed of trophoblast lined with mesoderm
A. Trimester
B. Gestational sac
C. Chorion
D. Anencephaly
C
What is bleeding from a normally situated placenta as a result of its complete or patial detachment after 20th week of gestation
A. Abruptio placenta
B. Anencephaly
C. Corpus luteum
D. Ductus venosus
A
What is the developing individual from implantation to the end of night week of gestation
A. Yolk sac
B. Zygote
C. Embryo
D. Trimester
C
What is a neural tube defect where abscence of the brain, including cerebrum, cerebellum and basal ganglia may be present
A. Zygote
B. Anencephaly
C. Abruptio placenta
D. Chorion
B
What is the circular structure within the gestational sac seen sonographically between 4 and 10 weeks of gestational age; supplies nutrition
A. Yolk sac
B. Zygote
C. Embryo
D. Trimester
A
What is the product of conception from fertilization through implantation
A. Embryo
B. Zygote
C. Yolk sac
D. Trimester
B
A 40 week pregnancy is divided into three 13 week periods from first day of last normal menstural period to pregancy term
What is the term called?
Trimester
Obstetric (OB) ultrasound allows the clinician to assess all of the following except:
A. well-being
B. development
C. growth
D. muscle tone
D
Limited obstetric ultrasound examinations are ordered for which one of the following reasons?
A. to determine the fetal gender
B. to rule out an ectopic pregnancy
C. to screen the fetus for anomalies
D. to answer a specific clinical question
D
Which one of the following statements about the gestational sac is false?
A. the earliest structure may be seen with transvaginal ultrasound
B. the placenta is seen as a thickened density along the part of the margin of the gestational sac
C. the earliest strucuture observed with the sac is the yolk sac
D. blood tests should be positive 7 - 10 hours after conception
D
Which one of the following statements about the embryo heart rate is false?
A. the rate is 120 to 140 bpm, in the second and third trimesters
B. early in the developmental phase, the heart rate is 90 bpm
C. early in the developmental phase, the heart rate is greater than 190 bpm
D. the rate may increase to 170 bpm in the middle of the first trimester
C
Which one of the following statements about determining fetal age is false?
A. Measure BPD in the axial plane that includes the thalamus and cavum septum pellucidum
B. Measure the head circumference at the same level as the biparietal diameter (BPD)
C. Measure the abdominal circumference at the level of junction of the umbilical vein and portal sinus
D. Measure the femur length on the femur farthest from the transducer
D
What is the study of what is good and bad of moral duty and obligation?
A. Judgement
B. Morality
C. Ethics
D. Malpractice
C
When an accreditation entity recommends facilities hire sonographers that have obtained appropriate education and clinical skilss to ensure competence in performing each required examination, this would be considered the application of the principle of nonmaleficence.
T or F
T
By acknowledging the integrity of a patient’s values and beliefs and of her value-based preferences, to avoid with the expression or implementation of these, and, when necessary assisting in their expression and implementation of these preferences is known as the ethical principle of respect for ________?
A. autonomy
B. morality
C. nonmalefience
D. veracity
A
The most accurate measurement of gestational age during the first trimester is which one of the following?
A. yolk sac diameter
B. biparietal diameter
C. mean sac diameter
D. crown-rump length
D
The second trimester is between ______ gestational weeks.
A. 12 and 21
B. 14 and 26
C. 15 and 30
D. 12 and 28
B
Maternal serum hCG levels in a normal intrauterine pregnancy at less than 7 weeks should increase by doubling every ________.
A. 1 week
B. 3.5 days
C. 48 hours
D. 24 hours
B
Which one of the following terms refers to multiple pregnancy within one chorionic sac?
A. monoembryonic
B. dichorionic
C. monochorionic
D. diamniotic
C
The interface between the decidua capsularis and echogenic vascular endometrium is which one of the following?
A. chorionic cavity
B. double decidual sign
C. decidua capsularis
D. decidua basalis
B
The embryonic heart rate begins to beat at ________ days.
A. 35
B. 49
C. 23
D. 43
A
To calculate the mean sac diameter of a gestational sac, which one of the following formulas should be used?
A. (length ‘width’height) / 3
B. (length+width+height) / 3
C. length+width+height
D. length’width’height
B
In the first trimester, herniated bowel will return within the abdominal cavity by the ______ week.
A. 12
B. 10
C. 8
D. 15
A
A sonogram at 10 weeks of gestation demonstrates a cystic area within the posterior cranium. This appearance most likely represents which one of the following?
A. abnormal mesencephalon
B. normal prosencephalon
C. normala rhombencephalon
D. abnormal rhombencephalon
C
Typically, the yolk sac resorbs and is no longer visible sonographically by ______ weeks.
A. 8
B. 10
C. 14
D. 12
D
Implantation of the blastocyst into the uterine decidua is completed within ______ days after fertilization.
A. 12
B. 10
C. 2
D. 5
A
In early pregnancy, the gestational sac size grows at a rate of ______ mm/day.
A. 2.5
B. 0.5
C. 1
D. 2
C
What does IUP stand for?
Intrauterine pregnancy
What is the production and development of blood cells?
A. hematopoiesis
B. hemoglobin
C. RBC
D. WBC
A
What is the hormone secreted by the trophoblastic cells of the blastocyst; laboratory test indicates pregnancy when values are elevated?
A. hCG
B. estrogen
C. progesterone
D. gonadotropin
A
What is multiple pregnancies with two amniotic sacs?
A. monoamniotic
B. diamniotic
C. diachorionic
D. two
B
What is the age calculated from when conception occurs?
A. crown rump length
B. amniotic cavity
C. embryologic age
D. blastocyst
C
What is the most accurate measurment of the embryo in the first trimester?
A. embryologic age
B. crown rump length
C. IUP
B
What is the small yellow endocrine structure that develops within a ruptured ovarian follicle and secretes progesterone and estrogen?
A. Amniotic cavity
B. corpus luteum cyst
C. dermoid cyst
D. theca-lutein cyst
B
What is the cavity in which the fetus exists; forms early in gestation; fills with amniotic fluid to protect the fetus.
A. amniotic fluid
B. amniotic cavity
C. abdominal cavity
D. plueral cavity
B
What surrounds the amniotic cavity, including yolk sac?
A. amniotic cavity
B. chorionic cavity
C. plueral cavity
D. abdominal cavity
B
What is a multiple pregnancy with one amniotic sac?
A. Monochorionic
B. Monoamniotic
B
What is a multiple pregnancy with one chorionic sac?
A. monoamniotic
B. monochorionic
B
What is the first site of formation of red blood cells that will nourish the embryo?
A. primary yolk sac
B. secondary yolk sac
A
What is formed at 23 days when the primary yolk sac is pinched off by extra embryonic coelom?
A. secondary yolk sac
B. primary yolk sac
A
Transvaginally, an embryo with cardiac activity should be identified when the gestational sac measures _______ millimeters (mm).
A. 16 to 20
B. 8 -12
C. 10 to 15
D. 5 to 8
A
An ovum without an embryo is known as which one of the following?
A. pseudogenital sac
B. ectopic pregnancy
C. anembryonic pregnancy
D. diamniotic pregnancy
C
Cranial anaotmy is routinely visulaized after how many gestational weeks?
A. 8 to 10
B. 12 to 14
C. 10 to 12
D. 9 to 11
B
Which one of the following abnormalities is most commonly associated wiht cystic hygroma?
A. turner syndrome
B. dandy-walker malformation
C. spina bifida
D. beckwith-wiedemann syndrome
A
Multiple tiny clusters of grapelike echoes within the uterine cavity best describes which one of the following?
A. incomplete abortion
B. gestational trophoblastic disease
C. ectopic pregnancy
D. psuedogestational sacs
B
A hemorrhage located between the gestational sac and the myometrium represents which one of the following conditions?
A. subchorionic hemorrhage
B. placenta abruption
C. placental lake
D. placental hematoma
A
An ectopic pregnancy most commonly occurs in which one of the following structures?
A. cornua
B. cervix
C. fallopian tube
D. ovary
C
Which one of the following statements about a pseudogestational sac is false?
A. it contains low-level internal echoes
B. it is eccentrically located within the endometrium
C. it demonstrates a high resistive spectral waveform
D. it does not contain a yolk sac
B
Nuchal translucency must be measured between _____ weeks and _____ weeks, _____ days.
A. 8; 10; 6
B. 12; 13; 6
C. 10; 12; 6
D. 11; 13; 6
D
The serum level beta hCG is _________ with gestational trophoblastic disease/
A. mildly decreased
B. dramatically elevated
C. mildly elevated
D. dramatically decreased
B
Which one of the following structures carries oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava (IVC)?
A. ductus venosus
B. ligamentous venous
C. foramen ovale
D. ductus arteriosus
A
Which one of the following terms indicates that the fetal head is toward the fundus of the uterus?
A. vertex
B. fundal
C. breech
D. cephalic
C
Which one of the following indicates that the liver is on the right, the stomach is on the left, and the heart apex is on the left?
A. mesocardia
B. situs inversus
C. dextrocardia
D. normal situs
D
The three vessels found in the unbilical cord are which of the following?
A. one artery, one vein, and one portal vein
B. hepatic vein, portal vein, and umbilical vein
C. one artery and two veins
D. two arteries and one vein
D
Normally, the fetal bladder empties at least every _________.
A. 15 minutes
B. 3 hours
C. 60 minutes
D. 10 minutes
C
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) travels from the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle via which one of the following structures?
A. foramina of luschka
B. aqueduct of sylvius
C. foramen of monro
D. foramina of magendie
C
The profile view of the fetal face is important to examine to rule out all of the following abnormalities except:
A. micrognathia
B. frontal bossing
C. cleft soft palate
D. cephalocele
C
Fetal anatomy may be asssessed accurately after _________.
A. 16 embryonic weeks
B. none of the above
C. 18 menstural weeks
D. 16 gestational weeks
C
When evaluating the fetal spine, aligning the transducer in a(n) ________ axis to the spinal elements is important.
A. oblique
B. parallel
C. coronal
D. perpendicular
D
The presentation of a fetus lying perpendicular to the maternal sagittal axis is in the _________ position.
A. transverse
B. oblique
C. vertex
D. breech
A
What is a partial or complete absence of the cranium?
A. acrania
B. anencephaly
C. agenisis
D. atrophy
A
What is congenital absence of the brain and cranial vault with the cerebral hemispheres missing or reduced to small masses
A. acrania
B. anencephay
B
What is protrusion of the brain from the cranial cavity?
A. cystic hygroma
B. acrania
C. cephalocele
D. gastroschisis
C
What is fluid-filled structures initally surrounding the neck, may extend upward to the head or laterally to the body
A. cysts
B. cystic hygroma
C. simple cyst
D. complex cyst
B
What is a congenital fisure that remains open in the wall of the admen just to the right of the umbilical cord?
A. Ectopic pregnancy
B. Apex
C. Gastroschisis
D. Omphalocele
C
What is a congenital hernia of the umbilicus that is covered with a membrane?
A. omphalocele
B. interstitial pregnancy
C. cystic hygroma
D. gastroschisis
A
What is a pregnancy occuring in the fallopian tube near the cornu of the uterus; also known as cornual pregnancy?
A. Interstitial pregnancy
B. etopic pregnancy
A
What is a pregnancy outside of the uterus?
A. ectopic pregnancy
B. interstitial pregnancy
A
What is the ventricles of the heart come to a point called the _____ usually directed toward the left hip?
Apex
What indicates the fetal head is toward the fundus of the uterus?
A. breech
B. vertex
C. normal
Breech
What is the structure that carries oxygenated blood from the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta?
A. ductus venosus
B. ductus arteriosus
B
What is the structure that carries oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein to the IVC?
A. ductus venosus
B. ductus ateriosus
A
What is abnormally small chin?
A. Gravidity
B. Vertex
C. Micrognathia
D. Normal situs
C
What is the typical position of the abdominal organs with the liver and IVC on the right, stomach on the left, and apex of heart directed left?
Normal situs
What indicates that the fetus is positioned head down in the uterus?
A. breech
B. vertex
B
What is total number of pregnancies?
Gravidity
What is the protrusion or bulging of the forehead that results from hydrocephalus?
Frontal bossing
What is vaginal bleeding with closed cervix (before 20 w)
A. Inevitable abortion
B. Threatened abortion
C. Incomplete abortion
D. Complete abortion
B
What is vaginal bleeding with open cervix?
A. Complete abortion
B. Threatened abortion
C. Inevitable abortion
D. Missed abortion
C
What is vaginal bleeding with open cervix and expulsion of all products of conception?
A. Complete abortion
B. Missed abortion
C. Threatened abortion
D. Incomplete abortion
A
What is vaginal bleeding with open cervix and expulsion of some products of conception?
A. Missed abortion
B. Complete abortion
C. Threatened abortion
D. Incomplete abortion
D
What is embryonic demise without expulsion of POC , vaginal bleeding. Remain in uterus 8 w after demise?
A. Missed abortion
B. Threatened abortion
C. Incomplete abortion
D. Complete abortion
A
Pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), also known as pappalysin-1, is an insulin like growth factor produced by trophoblastic (placental) cells during pregnancy
T or F
T
The spine which develops from ectoderm, initially evolves from primitive neural tube, which closes about 6th week of gestation
T or F
T
The rhombencephalon divides into two segments what are they?
Cephalic portion: metencephalon
Caudal component: myelencephalon
