Test One: Chapters 41, 42, 43, 45, and 46 Flashcards
What is an absence of mensturation?
A. Menses
B. Amenorrhea
C. Olgiomenorrhea
D. Dysmenorrhea
B
What refers to position of the uterus when the uterine fundus bends forward toward the cervix?
A. Anteverted
B. Retroverted
C. Anteflexed
D. Retroflexed
C
What refers to position of uterus when the uterus is tipped slightly forward so that the cervix forms a 90 degree angle or less?
A. Anteflexed
B. Retroflexed
C. Anteverted
D. Retroverted
C
What is the steroidal hormone secreted by the theca interna and granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle that stimulates the development of the?
A. Gonadotropin
B. Estrogen
C. Progesterone
B
What is the hormonal substance that stimulates the function of the testes and the ovaries?
A. Estrogen
B. Gonadotropin
C. Menses
D. Progesterone
B
What is abnormally light menstural periods called?
A. Menses
B. Olgiomenorrhea
C. Amenorrhea
D. Menopause
B
What is the periodic flow of blood and cellular debris that occurs during menstruation?
A. Menses
B. Dysmenorrhea
C. Menopause
D. Menorrhagia
A
What is abnormally heavy or long periods?
A. Menses
B. Menorrhagia
C. Oligomenorrhea
D. Amenorrhea
B
What is pain associated with mesturation?
A. Menses
B. Menorrhagia
C. Dysmenorrhea
D. Menopause
C
What refers to position of uterus when the uterine fundus bends posteriorly upon the cervix?
A. Retroverted
B. Retroflexed
C. Anteverted
D. Anteflexed
B
What refers to position of uterus when the entire uterus is tipped posteriorly so that angle formed between the uterus and cervix us 90 degrees?
A. Retroflexed
B. Retroverted
C. Anteverted
D. Anteflexed
B
What refers to cessation of mensturation?
A. Menses
B. Menopause
C. Dysmenorrhea
D. Polymenorrhea
B
What is abnormally frequent recurrence of the menstural cycle; less than 21 days
A. Polymenorrhea
B. Progesterone
C. Amenorrhea
D. Menopause
A
The steroidal hormone produced by the corpus luteum that helps prepare and maintain the endometrium for the arrival?
A. Estrogen
B. Progesterone
C. Menopause
D. Menses
B
What are paired ligaments that originate at the uterine cornua, anterior to the fallopian tubes, and course anterolaterally within the broad ligament?
A. Suspensory ligament
B. Ovarian ligament
C. Round ligament
D. Broad ligament
C
What are paired ligaments that extend from the infundibulum of the fallopian tube and the lateral aspect of the ovary to the lateral pelvic?
A. Round ligament
B. Suspensory ligamet
C. Ovarian ligament
D. Broad ligament
B
What are the paired muscles that orignate at the transverse process of the lumbar vertebrae and extend inferiorly through the false pelvis?
A. Psoas muscles
B. Space of retzius
C. Vesicouterine recess
A
What is the paired ligament that extends from the inferior/medial pose of the ovary to the uterine cornua?
A. Ovarian ligament
B. Broad ligament
C. Round ligament
D. Pelvic ligament
A
What is located between the anterior bladder wall and the pubic symphysis; contains extraperitoneal fat?
A. Vesicouterine recess
B. Space of retzius
C. True pelvis
D. False pelvis
B
What is the area in the pelvic cavity between the urinary bladder and the uterus?
A. True pelvis
B. False pelvis
C. Vesicouterine recess
D. space of retzius
C
What is the pelvic cavity below the brim of the pelviss?
A. False pelvis
B. True pelvis
B
What is the portion of pelvis found above the brim, that portion the abdominal cavity cradled by the iliac fossae?
A. False pelvis
B. True pelvis
A
The suspensory ligament is also known as the infundibulopelvic ligament?
T or F
T
The minor or lesser pelvis is also known as the false pelvis?
T or F
F, it is the true pelvis
The vesicouterine recess is also known as the anterior cul-de-sac?
T or F
T
The greater or major pelvis is known as the false pelvis?
T or F
T
The rectouterine recess is also known as the pouch of douglas or posterior cul-de-sac?
T or F
T
The perimetrium is also know as the Serosa?
T or F
T
The ovarian ligament is also known as the utero-fallopian ligament?
T or F
F, it is the utero-ovarian ligament
The illiopectineal line is also know as the pevlic brim or linea terminalis?
T or F
T
The cardinal ligament is also know as the sagittal cervical ligament?
T or F
F, it is the transverse cervical ligament
What are days 10-14 of the menstural cycle; ovulation occurs; the endometrium increases in thickness and echogenicity?
A. Secretory phase
B. Proliferative phase (late)
C. Proliferative phase (early)
D. Premenarche
B
What are days 5 to 9 of menstural cycle; endometrium appears as a single thin stripe with a hypoechoic halo encompassing it?
A. Proliferative phase (late)
B. Proliferative phase (early)
C. Secretory phase
D. Premenarche
B
Days 15 to 28 of the menstural cycle, the endometrium is at its greatest thickness and echogenicity with posterior enhancement?
A. Secretory phase
B. Premenarche
C. Proliferative phase (early)
D. Proliferative phase (late)
A
What is the time before the onset of menses?
A. Premenarche
B. Menses
C. Parity
A
What is the middle layer of the uterine cavity that appears very homogenous with sonography?
A. Endometrium
B. Myometrium
B
What is the inner lining of the uterine cavity, which appears echogenic to hypoechoic on ultrasound, depending on the menstural cycle?
A. Endometrium
B. Myometrium
A
What does parity mean?
Pregnancy
What is any projection like a horn; refers to the fundus of the uterus where the fallopian tube arises?
A. Internal os
B. Inroitus
C. External os
D. Cornua
D
What is the inner surface of the cervical os?
A. Internal os
B. External os
A
What is an opening or entrance into a canal or cavity, as the vagina?
A. Intoitus
B. External os
C. Parity
D. Cornua
A
What is a benign invasive growth of the endometrium that may cause heavy, painful menstural bleeding?
A. Adenomyosis
B. Cervical polyp
C. Hydrometra
D. Submucosal leiomyoma
A
What is a hyperplastic protrusion of the epithelium of the cervix?
A. Cervical stenosis
B. Cervical Polyp
C. Endometrial hyperplasia
D. Adenomyosis
B
What is the acquired condition with obstruction of the cervical canal?
A. Hydrometra
B. Cervical Stenosis
C. Endometriosis
D.Cervical Hyperplasia
B
What is the condition that results from estrogen stimulation to the endometrium without the influence of progestin?
A. Endometrial hyperplasia
B. Endometriosis
C. Endometritis
D. Hydromera
A
What is a pedunculated or sessile well-defined mass attached to the endometrial cavity?
A. Submucosal leiomyoma
B. Endometrial polyp
C. Cervical stenosis
D. Pyometra
B
What is the obstruction of the uterus and/or the vagina characterized by an accumulation of fluid?
A. Leiomyoma
B. Hydrometra
C. Pyometra
D. Endomitritis
B
What is infection within the endometrium of the uterus?
A. pyometra
B. hydrometra
C. endometritis
D. leiomyoma
C
What is the type of leiomyoma found to deform the endometrial cavity and cause heavy or irregular menses?
A. Submucosal leiomyoma
B. Subserosal leiomyoma
C. Leiomyoma
D. Gartners duct cyst
A
What is the type of leiomyoma that may become pedunculated and appear as an extrauterine mass?
A. Nabothian cyst
B. Gartner’s duct cyst
C. Subserosal leiomyoma
D. Leiomyoma
C
What is the obstruction of the uterus and/or the vagina characterized by the accumulation of pus?
A. Pyometra
B. Hydrometra
C. Leiomyoma
D. Gartners duct cyst
A
What is a benign tiny cyst within the cervix?
A. Gartner’s duct cyst
B. Nabothian cyst
C. Leiomyoma
D. Endometritis
B
What is the most common benign gynecologic tumor in women during their reproductive years?
A. Leiomyoma
B. Pyometra
C. Subserosal leiomyoma
D. Submucosal leiomyoma
A
What is a small cyst within the vagina?
A. Nabothian cyst
B. Gartner’s duct cyst
C. Pyometra
D. Leiomyoma
B
What is the most common type of cervical cancer?
A. Squamous cell carcinoma
B. Cervical cancer
C. Serous membrance carcinoma
D. Renal cell carcinoma
A
What is the substance that stimulates the developlment of male characteristics?
A. Estrogen
B. Androgen
B
What is the malignant tumor that forms cysts?
A. Cystadenocarcinoma
B. Cystadenoma
C. Serous cystadenocarcinoma
D. Ovarian carcinoma
A
What is the benign adenoma containing cysts?
A. Cystadenoma
B. Serous cystadenoma
C. Ovarian Carcinoma
D. Ovarian torsion
A
What is the benign tumor comprised of hair, muscle, teeth and fat?
A. Follicular cyst
B. Dermoid tumor
C. Corpus luteum cyst
D. Adenoma
B
What is the female hormone produced by the ovary?
A. Androgen
B. Estrogen
B
What is the small endocrine structure that develops within a ruptured ovarian follicle and secretes progesterone and estrogen?
A. follicular cyst
B. dermoid tumor
C. corpus luteum cyst
D. Paraovarian cyst
C
What is the benign cyst within the ovary that may occur and disappear on a cyclic basis?
A. corpus luteum cyst
B. follicular cyst
C. functional cyst
D. paraovarian cyst
B
What are results from the normal function of the ovary?
A. functional cyst
B. follicular cyst
C. paraovarian cyst
D. theca-lutein cyst
A
What is the benign tumor of the ovary that may occur and disappear on a cyclic basis?
A. mucinous cystadenoma
B. ovarian carcinoma
C. meig’s syndrome
D. torsion
C
What is a malignant tumor of the ovary with multilocular cysts?
A. Ovarian carcinoma
B. Mucinous carcinoma
C. Serous cystadenocarcinoma
D. Ovarian torsion
B
What is a benign tumor of the ovary that contains thin-walled multilocular cysts?
A. Ovarian torsion
B. POCS
C. Mucinous cystadenoma
D. Serous cystadenoma
C
What is the malignant tumor of the ovary that may spread beyond the ovary and metastasize to the other organs via the peritoneal channels?
A. Ovarian carcinoma
B. Paraovarian cyst
C. Serous cystadenocarcinoma
D. Mucinous cystadnocarcinoma
A
What is partial or complete rotation of the ovarian pedicle on its access?
Ovarian torsion
What is the cystic structure that lies adjacent to the ovary?
A. Follicular cyst
B. Functional cyst
C. Theca-lutein cys
D. Paraovarian cyst
D
What is the endocrine disorder associated with chronic anovulation?
A. Polycystic ovarian syndrome
B. Meig’s syndrome
A
What is the most common type of ovarian carcinoma; maybe bilateral with multilocular cysts?
A. serous cystadenocarcinoma
B. serous cystadenoma
C. mucinous cystadenoma
D. mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
A
What is the second most common benign tumor of the ovary; unilocular or multilocular?
A. Ovarian carcinoma
B. Ovarian torsion
C. Meig’s syndrome
D. Serous cystadenoma
D
What is a multilocular cysts that occur in patients with hyperstimulation?
A. Follicular cysts
B. Functional cysts
C. Ovarian cysts
D. Theca-lutein cysts
D
Sonohysterography is usually performed on premenopausal women between days ______ of the mestural cycle?
A. 4 and 8
B. 2 and 6
C. 14 and 18
D. 6 and 10
D
Limitations of translabial scanning may be overcome by which one of the following?
A. Full patient bladder
B. Emptying the patient’s bladder
C. Elevating patients hips
D. Assuming the left lateral decubitus position
C
Flexion refers to the axis of the uterine body relative to the ________
A. vagina
B. cornua
C. fundus
D. cervix
D
The middle layer of the uterus is which one of the following?
A. Body
B. serosa
C. myometrium
D. endometrium
C
Symmetrical bilateral pelvic masses are likely to be which one of the following?
A. pelvic muscles
B. uterine fibroids
C. illiac vessels
D. ovarian masses
A
The thickness of the endometrium should be measured in which one of the following planes?
A. transverse
B. coronal
C. longitudinal/sag
D. oblique
C
On the sagittal image with endovaginal sonography, the cervix of an anteverted uterus is seen in the _______ of the screen, whereas the fundus of the anteverted uterus is found in the _______ of the screen.
A. right side; lower portion
B. right side; left side
C. left side; right side
D. upper portion; lower portion
B
To image the fundus of the uterus with transvaginal sonography, the transducer should be angled so that the handle is positioned as described in which one of the following?
A. closer to the bed
B. lateral to the patient
C. farther from the bed
D. perpendicular to the patient
A
The difference between the peak systole and the peak diastole is the _________.
A. S/D ratio
B. CI ratio
C. D/S ratio
D. LS ratio
A
The endometrium is at its greatest thickness and echogenicity with posterior enhancement in which one of the following phases?
A. Luteal
B. Menses
C. Ovulatory
D. Proliferative
A
Which one of the following are small vessels found along the periphery of the uterus?
A. uterine arteries
B. arcuate vessels
C. iliac arteries
D. peripheral arteries
B
Depending on the menstural cycle, the inner lining of the uterine cavity that appears echogenic to hypoechoic on ultrasound is which one of the following structures?
A. endometrium
B. myometrium
C.endouterine
D. perineum
A
The development of the female pelvic anatomy in the embryonic stage happens via the ________.
A. mesonephric duct
B. common bile duct
C. that duct
D. santorini duct
A
All of the following are organs of the female pelvis except:
A. ovaries
B. uterus
C. vaginal canal
D. kidneys
E. fallopian tubes
D
The uterus is an intraperitoneal organ
T or F
T
The middle muscular layer of the uterus is called the ________?
A. endometrium
B. epimetrium
C. serosal layer
D. myometrium
D
The largest section of the uterus is referred to as the _______?
A. neck of the uterus
B. fundus of the uterus
C. lower uterine segment
D. cervix
B
When the uterus is tilting away from the anterior abdominal wall and towards the rectum, it is described as being:
A. anteflexed
B. anteverted
C. retroverted
D. mesoverted
C
The normal or typical position of the uterus is described as:
A. retroverted
B. no answer text provided
C. retroflexed
D. anteverted
D
A uterus that is tilted towards the patient left is referred to as being ________?
A. levoverted
B. leftoverted
C. dextroverted
D. rightoverted
A
A uterus that has been pregnant more than one time is known as being:
A. nulliparous
B. non-gravid
C. ectopic
D. multiparous
D
All of the following are potential spaces for fluid to collect around the uterus except:
A. anterior cul-de-sac/vesicouterine pouch
B. posterior cul-de-sac/pouch of douglas
C. space of retzius
D. subhepatic/morrison’s pouch
D
Which one of the following arteries sheds blood during menses?
A. radial
B. arcuate
C. spiral
D. vaginal
C
Which one of the following ligaments contains the uterine blood vessels and nerves?
A. round
B. uterosacral
C. endometrial
D. broad
D
The normal size of the menarchal uterus should measure ______ cm long and _____ cm wide?
A. 8; 4
B. 3; 5
C. 10; 6
D. 6; 2
A
Which one of the following ligaments provides support to the cervix?
A. suspensory
B. cardinal
C. round
D. ovarian
B
The pelvic recess between the anterior bladder wall and the pubic symphysis is which one of the following?
A. vesicouterine pouch
B. rectrouterine pouch
C. anterior cul-de-sac
D. space of retzius
D
The clinical signs of a 32 year old woman with an enlarged uterus on physical examination and a history of cyclic profuse and prolonged bleeding with increasing pain most likely represent which one of the following?
A. ruptured follicular cyst
B. leiomyoma
C. early pregnancy
D. ruptured nabothian cyst
B
Which one of the following is the most common site for a leiomyoma to occur?
A. pedunculated
B. intramural
C. submucosal
D. subserosal
B
Complications in delivery may occur with pregnancy if a fibroid is located in or near which one of the following structures?
A. near the cervix
B. pedunculated off the fundus
C. near the ovary
D. near the fundus
A
Hydrometra appears sonographically as a(n) ____________.
A. sonolucent fluid collection in the uterus, cervix, and vagina
B. sonolucent fluid collection in the uterine canal
C. echogenic thickening of the endometrium
D. sonolucent tubular structure in the adnexa
B
A benign invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium is known as which one of the following conditions?
A. adenomyosis
B. endomyosarcoma
C. endometriosis
D. pelvic inflammatory disease
A
The size and shape of the normal uterus are related to all of the following except:
A. hormonal status
B. parity
C. age
D. family history
D
On ultrasound, the characteristic appearance of a degenerating leiomyoma is ____________.
A. homogeneous
B. anechoic
C. isoechoic
D. heterogeneous
D
Which one of the following statements about adenomyosis is false?
A. adenomyosis may cause pelvic pain during mensturation
B. adenomyosis may cause abnormal uterine bleeding
C. elevated progesterone levels may promote the growth of myometrial islands of endometrium
D. adenomyosis can be managed with hormone therapy
C
The endometrium should be measured from ________ layer to _________ layer.
A. hyperechoic; hypoechoic
B. hypoechoic; hyperechoic
C. hyperechoic; hyperechoic
D. hypoechoic; hypoechoic
C
In postmenopausal patients, an endometrial thickness of less than ______ mm reliably excludes an ednometrial abnormality.
A. 5
B. 4
C. 10
D. 8
A
A 28 year old woman reports left lower quadrant pain. Her last menstural period was 2 weeks earlier. Sonographically, the uterine body displays a highly echogenic structure in the endometrial cavity. This appearance most likely represents which one of the following conditions?
A. calcified arcuate arteries
B. intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD)
C. calcified submucosal fibroid
D. endometritis
B
In a patient after a hysterectomy, the normal vaginal cuff should not exceed ________ cm.
A. 3
B. 4
C. 1
D. 2
D
Which one of the following sonographic characteristics is the most common finding in endometrial carcinoma?
A. heavy bleeding with a thickening of the myometrium
B. abnormal thinning of the endometrial cavity, usually with irregular bleeding in postmenopausal women
C. irregular bleeding
D. abnormal thickening of the endometrial cavity, usually with irregular bleeding in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women
D
Irregular, acyclic bleeding is defined as which one of the following?
A. amenorrhea
B. menorrhagia
C. metrorrhea
D. dysmenorrhea
C
In which of the following structures would a Gartner’s duct cyst be found?
A. ovary
B. vagina
C. cervix
D. fallopian tube
B
Theca-lutein cysts are associated with high levels of which one of the following hormones?
A. estrogen
B. HCG
C. luteinizing hormone
D. progesterone
B
A hypoechoic mass adjacent to the ovary is most likely which one of the following masses?
A. teratoma
B. endometrioma
C. paraovarian cyst
D. mucinous cystadenoma
B
A tumor that may mimic gas or feces in the pelvis is which one of the following masses?
A. leiomyoma
B. dermoid
C. granulosa
D. lipoma
B
Which one of the following cysts occurs when a dominant follicle does not succeed in ovulating but remains active although immature?
A. paraovarian
B. nabothian
C. follicular
D. corpus luteum
C
The most common adnexal mass found during early pregnancy is which one of the following cysts?
A. theca-lutein
B. paraovarian
C. follicular
D. corpus luteal
D
A mucinous cystadenoma is all of the following except:
A. thick with irregular walls and septations
B. a large cystic ass with multilocular cystic spaces
C. unilateral
D. the most common cystic tumor
A
The normal ovary exhibits which one of the following characteristic appearances?
A. heterogenous echotexture
B. central hyopechoic medulla
C. both a heterogenous echotexture and a central hypoechoic medulla
D. homogenous echotexture
D
Simple ovarian cysts in postmenopausal women are not likely malignant when measuring less than _____ cm.
A. 5
B. 3
C. 4
D. 6
A
Sonographic criteria for a simple ovarian cyst include all of the following except:
A. acoustic enhancement
B. anechoic appearance
C. smooth walls
D. posterior shadowing
D
Which one of the following statements about polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is false?
A. PCOS includes amenorrhea
B. PCOS occurs in the middle to late 30s
C. PCOS includes early pregnancy loss
D. PCOS includes hirsutism
B
Ovarian carcinoma is classified into four stages. Stage 2 is limited to which one of the following?
A. broad ligament
B. pelvis
C. one ovary
D. two ovaries
B
Functioning endometrial tissue is present outside of the uterus in which one of the following comon conditions?
A. endometriosis
B. adenomyosis
C. endometritis
D. hemorrhagic cyst
A
The partial or complete rotation of the ovarian pedicle on its axis is defined as which one of the following?
A. paravovarian cyst
B. endometrioma
C. hemorrhagic cyst
D. ovarian torsion
D
Which one of the following endocrine disorders is associated with chronic anovulation?
A. theca-lutein cysts
B. polycystic ovarian syndrome
C. ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
D. endometriosis
B
An infection that involves the fallopian tube and the ovay is called which one of the following conditions?
A. tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA)
B. Pyosalpinx
C. Salpingitis
D. Pelvic inflammatory disease
A
Risk factors in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) include all of the following except:
A. intrauterine contraceptive device
B. sexually transmitted disease
C. single sexual partner
D. early sexual contact
C
Which one of the following statements about PID is false?
A. PID is almost always a bilateral collection of pus and fluid
B. PID includes vaginal discharge with bleeding
C. Patients may experience pelvic pain ad have a history of infertility
D. PID confers a decreased risk of ectopic pregnancy
D
Which one of the following is the most common cause of PID?
A. endometritis
B. intrauterine devices
C. postsurgical complications
D. sexually trasmitted diseases
D
Clinical symptoms of PID may include which one of the following?
A. dull pelvic aching
B. fever
C. no symptoms
D. fever and dull pelvic aching
D
Sonographic findings of PID include all of the following except:
A. salpingitis
B. endometritis
C. peri-ovarian inflammation
D. endometriosis
D
A complex adnexal mass most likely represents which one of the following?
A. oophoritis
B. salpingitis
C. pyosalpinx
D. hydrosalpinx
C
Perihepatic inflammation ascending from a pelvic infection is called ______ syndrome?
A. Turner’s
B. de Quervain’s
C. Stein-Leventhal
D. Fritz-Hugh-Curtis
D
Which one of the following statements about diffuse endometriosis is false?
A. endometriosis is easily diagnosed by sonography
B. Endometriosis leads to the disorganization of pelvic anatomy
C. Its appearance is similar to PID
D. it is the most common form of endometriosis
A
A pelvic abscess will likely appear as which one of the following?
A. Hypoechoic cul-de-sac mass
B. complex ovarian mass with anechoic cul-de-sac fluid
C. Hypoechoic adnexal mass with a separate normal ovary
D. Complex cul-de-sac mass that distorts the pelvic anatomy
D
Which one of the following statements about infertility is false?
A. infertility is the inability to conceive within 12 months with regular coitus
B. infertility affects one in three couples in the united states
C. infertility in 40% of patients is attributable to men
D. infertility in 20% of patients is attributable to either the man or the woman or is unexplained
B
TThe uterine anomaly most frequently associated with a high incidence of infertility is a _______ uterus.
A. didelphys
B. bicornuate
C. T-shaped
D. septate
D
The triple line sign is associated with which one of the following structures?
A. vagina
B. cervix
C. uterus
D. endometrium
D
Patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome may have the clinical triad of all the following characteristics exept:
A. hirsutism
B. oligomenorrhea
C. bulimia
D. obesity
C
Lack of progesterone production is knows as which one of the following?
A. ovarian hyperstimulation
B. polycystic ovarian syndrome
C. luteal phase deficiency
D. secondary infertility
C
A hyperechoic linear strand of tissue extending from one wall of the uterine cavity to the other describes which one of the following?
A. normal proliferative phase
B. adeenomyosis
C. Decidua basalis
D. uterine synechiae
D
Which one of the following is used as a substitute for lutenizing hormone (LH) to trigger ovulation?
A. clomid
B. estradiol
C. hCG
D. progesterone
C
Ovarian induction therapy requires documentation of all follicles greater than _____ mm in both longitudinal and transverse planes.
A. 5
B. 17
C. 10
D. 15
C
Which one of the following hormones, along wit follicle size determine the approximate time of ovulation?
A. estradiol
B. hCG
C. follicle-stimulating hormone
D. progesterone
A
Patients who undergo assisted reproductive procedures have an increased risk factor for a (n) _________ pregnancy.
A. anembryonic
B. heterotopic
C. monoamniotic and monochorionic
D. molar
B
