Final Flashcards
A dominant follicle grows at a rate of _____ to _____ millimeters per day (mm/day)
A. 0.5; 1
B. 1; 2
C. 1; 1.5
D. 1; 3
D
Fusion of the inflamed dialted tube and ovary is called which one of the following?
A. pyosalpinx
B. a tubo-ovarian abscess
C. tubo-ovarian complex
D. pelvic inflammatory disease
C
Which one of the following is an infection in the fallopian tube?
A. hydrosalpinx
B. parametritis
C. oophoritis
D. salpingitis
D
Which one of the following is an infection within the uterine serose and broad ligaments?
A. peri-ovarian inflammation
B. myometritis
C. PID
D. parametritis
D
Producing more luteinizing hormone (LH) than follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) results in which one of the following conditions?
A. polycystic ovarian syndrome
B. meige syndrome
C. luteal phase deficiency
D. ovarian hyperstimulation sydrome
A
The most common cause of uterine calcification is which one of the following?
A. arcuate artery calcification
B. adenomyosis
C. endometritis
D. myomas
D
Patients on tamoxifen therapy have an increased risk of which one of the following reactions?
A. endometrial polyp
B. endometrial carcinoma
C. endometrial hyperplasia
D. all of the above
D
Only _____ % of women with postmenopausal bleeding have endometrial carcinoma?
A. 10
B. 75
C. 25
D. 50
A
Which one of the following is the most common site for a leiomyoma to occur?
A. submucosal
B. subserosal
C. intramural
D. pedunculated
C
The normal ovary exhibits which one of the following characteristic appearances?
A. homogenous echotexture
B. both heterogenous echotexture and a central hypoechoic medulla
C. central hypoechoic medulla
D. heterogenous echotexture
A
The dermoid tumor is typically associated with which one of the following ultrasound signs?
A. sandwich
B. tip of the iceburg
C. mickey mouse
D. silhouette
B
Simple ovarin cysts in postmenopausal women are not likely malignant when measuring less than ______ cm.
A. 6
B. 3
C. 5
D. 4
C
The most common benign tumor of the ovary is which one of the following masses?
A. serous cystadenoma
B. mucinous cystadenoma
C. dermoid tumor
D. endometrioma
C
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma most frequently occurs in women over the age of _____ years.
A. 30
B. 40
C. 50
D. 20
C
A hypoechoic mass adjacent to the ovary is most likely which one of the following masses?
A. mucinous cystadenoma
B. teratoma
C. endometrioma
D. paraovarian cyst
C
An ovary is generally considered abnormal if its volume is ______ the size of the contralateral ovary.
A. one halff
B. twice
C. one quarter
D. three times
B
A tumor that may mimic gas or feces in the pelvis is which one of the following massses?
A. leiomyoma
B. granulosa
C. dermoid
D. lipoma
C
Which one of the following cysts occurs when a dominant follicle does not succeed in ovulating but remains active although immature?
A. paraovarian
B. corpus luteum
C. nabothian
D. follicular
D
Version refers to the bending of the entire uterus in relationship with the vaginal canal?
A. true
B. false
A
Which of the following techniques are best at evaluating the cervical -fundal length of the uterus?
A. endorectal
B. translabial
C. transabdominal
D. endovaginal
C
Levator ani muscles are: _____, ______, and _____
A. pubococcygeus; coccygeus, puborectalis
B. pubococcygeus; iliococcygeus, rectalis
C. pubococcygeus; iliococcygeus; puborectalis
C
Oligomenorrhea is defined as having menses at an interval of more than _____ days between them.
A. 28
B. 38
C. 21
D. 35
D
The difference between the peak systolic velocity and the end diastolic velocity, all divided by the peak systolic velocity represents the ___________.
A. D/S ratio
B. cardioascular ratio
C. resistive index
D. pulsatile index
C
A mature follicle typically measures approximately _______ cm right before ovulation.
A. 5
B. 0.5
C. 2
D. 1
C
Sonohysterography is usually performed on a premenopausal women between days _______ of the menstural cycle.
A. 21-28
B. 3-5
C. 6-10
D. 10-14
C
The superficial layer of grandular tissue of the endometrium that is shed every month during menses is called which of the following?
A. zona functionalis
B. zona basalis
C. zona stromata
D. zona endometria
A
The secretion of the follicle stimulating hormone by the ________ _______ ______ causes the ovarian follicles to develop during the first fourteen days of the menstural cycle.
A. posterior pituitary gland
B. posterior hypo thalamus
C. anterior pituitary gland
D. anterior hypo thalamus
C
Which one of the following muscle groups may be seen in the false pelvis along the lateral sidewall of the pelvis?
A. recutus abdominis
B. obturator internus
C. iliopsoas
D. psoas minor
C
An ______ surge, accompanied by smaller _____ surge, triggers ovulation on about day 14.
A. LH; GNRHs
B. FSH; LH
C. FSH; GNRHs
D. LH; FSH
D
At puberty, hypothalamus begins pulsatile release of the gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRHs). The GnRHs stimulate anterior pituitary gland to secrete varying levels of gonadotropin.
True or false
True
The ovary produces two hormones. Estrogen is secreted by ________, whereas progesterone is sereted by the _______.
A. follicles; corpus luteum
B. secretory; proliferative
C. follicles; corpuscle
D. corpus luteum; nabothian
A
The uterus is laterally supported by which one of the following ligaments?
A. graafian
B. broad
C. round
D. ovarian
B
What are four possible reasons for an enlarged uterus?
Pregnancy, postpartum, adenomyosis, leiomyoma
In a patient after an hysterectomy, the normal vaginal cuff should not exceed ______ cm.
A. 1.1
B. 2.1
C. 3.1
D. 6
B
Vaginal canal meaures ________ cm in length, in most adult females, and is longer along the ______ wall.
A. 6; posterior
B. 6; anterior
C. 9; posterior
D. 9; anterior
C
The _______ hormone is released 24-36 hours before ovulation by the anterior pituitary gland.
A. follicle stimulation
B. luteinzing
C. gonadotropin-releasing
D. estrogen
B
Corpus luteum cysts regress and are typically not seen beyond ______ weeks.
A. 18 to 20
B. 12 to 14
C. 16 to 18
D. 10 to 12
C
The most potentially life threatening ectopic gestation is which one of the following?
A. Interstitial
B. Ovarian
C. Peritoneal
D. Cervical
A
An increased risk of a complete hysterectomy is present when an ectopic pregnancy is located in which one of the following structures?
A. Fallopian tube
B. Adenxa
C. Cervix
D. Peritoneum
C
Cranial anatomy is routinely visualized after how many gestational weeks?
A. 8 to 10
B. 10 to 12
C. 12 to 14
D. 9 to 11
C
Which one of the following abnormalities is most commonly associated with cystic hygroma?
A. dandy-walker malformation
B. spina bifida
C. turner sydnrome
D. beckwith-wiedemann syndrome
C
A heterotropic pregnancy is which one of the following?
A. a form of abdominal pregnancy
B. bilateral ectopic pregnancy
C. simultaneous intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancies
D. twin intrauterine pregnancy with only one viable embryo
C
At what gestational week does the volume of amniotic fluid stop increasing?
A. 30th
B. 32nd
C. 28th
D. 34th
D
The size of the cistern magna is obtained by measuring from the _______ to the ________.
A. vermis; skin line
B. cerebellar lobe; skin line
C. cerebellar lobe; occiptal lobe
D. vermis; occiptal bone
D
Especially in the third trimester, a fetuss in the breech position may demonstrate a cranium shape of which one of the following?
A. fetal position does not change the head shape
B. dolichocephalic
C. brachycephalic
D. cloverleaf
B
The normal atrium of the lateral ventricle measures ______ mm.
A. 10
B. 11
C. 8
D. 6.5
D
Which one of the following structures shunts blood away from the lungs?
A. ductus venosus
B. ductus arteriosus
C. aorta
D. pulmonary vein
B
Dilation of the entire ventricular system, including the fourth ventricle, is associated with whicch one of the following abnormalities?
A. cardiac defects
B. foramen monro stenosis
C. aqueductal stenosis
D. spinal defects
D
Visualization of the distal femoral epiphysis signifies a gestational age beyond:
A. 33 to 35 weeks
B. 28 to 30 weeks
C. 31 to 33 weeks
D. all of the above
A
In the transverse plane, an abnormal fetal spine may appear splayed in all of the following configurations except:
A. U-shaped
B. V-shaped
C. Y-shaped
D. C-shaped
C
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) travels from the lateral vetricles to the third ventricle via which one of the following sstructures?
A. foramina of luschka
B. foramina of magendie
C. foramen of monro
D. aqueduct of sylvius
C
The cranial bones ossify by _____ weeks of gestation.
A. 14
B. 18
C. 12
D. 16
C
The cavum septum pellucidi is observed anterior to thee _______.
A. corpus callosum
B. cerebellum
C. peduncles
D. thalamus
A
Beyond 30 weeks of gestation, a renal pelvis is considered abnormal when measuring greater than ______ mm.
A. 6
B. 4
C. 10
D. 8
C
Using a transvaginal probe approach, the first structure visualized within a gestational sac is which one of the following structures?
A. primary yolk sac
B. secondary yolk sac
C. amnion
D. embryo
B
Typically the yolk sac resorbs and is no longer visible sonographically by ______ weeks.
A. 10
B. 14
C. 8
D. 12
D
The crown rump length measurement may be used up through the _______ gestational week.
A. tenth
B. twelfth
C. thirteenth
D. eleventh
B
The beta hCG levels plateau and subsequently decline, whereas the gestational sac continues to grow, after _______ weeks.
A. 9 to 10
B. 10 to 12
C. 3 to 5
D. 6 to 8
A
In transabdominal scanning, a normal gestational sac can be consitently demonstrated when the beta hCG level is _______ mega international units per milliliter (mIU/ml).
A. 500
B. 1800
C. 2500
D. 3000
D
Implantation of the blastocyst into the uterine decidua is completed within ______ days after.
A. 12
B. 10
C. 2
D. 5
A
Maternal serum hCG levels in a normal intrauterine pregnancy at less than 7 weeks should increase by doubling every _________.
A. 1 week
B. 48 hours
C. 24 hours
D. 3.5 days
D
In early pregnancy, the gestational sac grows at a rate of ______ mm/day.
A. 0.5
B. 2.5
C. 1
D. 2
C
In the first trimester, herniated bowel will return within the abdominal cavity by the ______ week.
A. 8th
B. 15th
C. 12th
D. 10th
C
Diagnostic ultrasound has been in use since late in which one of the following decades?
A. 1970s
B. 1960s
C. 1950s
D. 1940s
C
Which one of the following statements about ultrasound safety is true?
A. the energy produced by ultrasound machines today is lower than that produced by earlier equipment
B. no potential biologic effects exist
C. continual research on the bioeffects of ultrasound is no longer necessary
D. studies on the bioeffects of ultrsound is no longer necessary
D
The major biologic effects of ultrasound are believed to be which one of the following?
A. production and collapse of gas-filled bubbles
B. thermal
C. cavitation
D. all of the above
D
Interval fetal growth may be determined by sonographicc measurements a minimum of _______ weeks apart.
A. 3
B. 2
C. 1
D. 5
A
Fetal interests in sonography are understood exclusively in terms of ________.
A. autonomy
B. beneficence
C. justice
D. fiduciary
B
Aherence to moral and ethical principles is called which one of the following?
A. autonomy
B. veracity
C. morality
D. integrity
D
Western medicine uses which one of the following principles to know what is in the clinical interest of the patient?
A. ethics
B. morality
C. integrity
D. primum non-nocere
D
The left ovarian vein drains in which of the following veins?
A. right renal vein
B. splenic vein
C. inferior vena cava
D. left renal vein
D
Retroverted uterus is the most common position of the uterus?
T or F
F
Paraovarian cysts arise from which one of the following structures?
A. broad ligament
B. round ligament
C. fallopian tube
D. peritoneum
A
An example of a low-pressure bleed is which one of the following?
A. decompression of the uterus
B. trauma to the uterus
C. marginal abruption
D. retroplacental abruption
C
The maternal side of the placenta is the decidua ________.
A. frondosum
B. basalis
C. capsularis
D. parietalis
B
A common reason for an elevated level of maternal serum AFP (MSAFP) is which one of the following?
A. neural tube defect
B. chromosomal abnormality
C. abdominal wall defect
D. incorrect dates
D
The quadruple screen evaluates all of the following markers except:
A. human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
B. AFP
C. fetal lung maturity
D. unconjugated estriol
C
Continuous monitoring during an amniocentesis with ultrasound is invaluable in patients with which one of the following abnormalities?
A. polyhydramnios
B. posterior placenta location
C. premature rupture of membranes
D. placenta previa
C
AFP is produced in early gestation by which one of the following structures?
A. liver
B. brain
C. yolk sac
D. placenta
C
Cordocentesis is more commonly used for which one of the following procedures?
A. guidance for transfusions to treat fetal isoimmunization
B. cardiovascualr analysis
C. chromosomal analysis
D. analysis of fetal lung maturity
A
Pregnancy associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) levels:
A. decline after 24 weeks of gestation
B. peak from 15 to 18 weeks of gestation
C. increase throughout pregnancy
D. peak from 16 to 20 weeks of gestation
C
MSAFP levels increase with advancing gestational age and peak at ______ weeks of gestation.
A. 18 to 20
B. 16 to 20
C. 15 to 18
D. 14 to 16
C
The optimal collection site in an amniocentesis includes all of the following except:
A. away from the umbilical cord
B. away from the central portion of the placenta
C. away from the maternal midline
D. away from the fetus
C
With normal transvagiinal sonography, cardiac activity should be demonstrated when the CRL exceeds ______ mm.
A. 8
B. 7
C. 5
D. 6
B
With transvaginal sonography, the earliest appearance of a normal intrauterine gestational sac should be seen with a serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) greater than ______ mega international units per milliliter (mIU/ml)
A. 1500
B. 1000
C. 2000
D. 500
D
The fetus is categorized into the small, average, or large growth percentiles in which one of the following methods?
A. age-range analysis
B. IUGR
C. biophysical profile
D. growth-adjusted sonar
D
All long bones should be measured if the difference between the femur length and all other biometric parameters is which one of the following?
A. greater than 3 weeks
B. greater than 1 week
C. 2 weeks or greater
D. greater than 4 weeks
C
Which one of the following fetal body organs is most severely affected by IUGR?
A. kidney
B. heart
C. liver
D. brain
C
Increased vascular resistance to the fetus is reflected by a(n) _________.
A. decrease in pulsatility index
B. decreases in the systolic-to-diastolic (S/D) raatio
C. decrease in both the S/D ratio and the pulsatility index
D. increases in the S/D ratio
C
Calcuating a macrosomic index can be performed by subtracting the ________ from the ________.
A. BPD; chest circumference
B. chest circumference; BPD
C. BPD; AC
D. chest circumference; AC
A
Which one of the following statements about IUGR is false?
A. the BPD used alone is a poor indicator of IUGR
B. the FL:AC ratio is a good positive predicitive value of IUGR
C. the FL may decrease in size with symmetric IUGR
D. the HC:AC ratio is useful in determining the type of IUGR
B
Hydrops caused by fetal tachycradia most commonly demonstrates a heart rate ranging between ______ and ______ beats per minute
A. 210; 250
B. 160; 220
C. 225; 250
D. 200; 240
D
Stuck twin syndrome is usually observed between _____ and _____ weeks of gestation
A. 16; 26
B. 12; 14
C. 16; 20
D. 12; 24
C
