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Biological Science Survey - Nistler 2019 > Test Three > Flashcards

Test Three Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the five body cavities?

A 
Cranial
Spinal
Thoracic
Abdminopelvic
Visceral Organs
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2
Q

Which body cavities are separated by the diaphragm?

A

Abdominopelvic and Visceral Organs

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3
Q

What are the soft internal organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

A

Visceral Organs

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4
Q

What tissue covers, protects, secretes, and regulates temperature?

A

Epithelial

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5
Q

What tissue holds body parts together and stores energy?

A

Connective

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6
Q

What tissue controls movement?

A

Muscle

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7
Q

What tissue controls body activities?

A

Nerve

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8
Q

What are the four tissue fluids?

A

Blood
Cerebrospinal
Interstitial
Lymph

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9
Q

What fluid is found in between and surrounding tissues?

A

Interstitial

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10
Q

What fluid is an interstitial fluid that enters the lymphatic system?

A

Lymph

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11
Q

What are membranes?

A

Thin, flexible sheets of tissue that cover or line a part of the body

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12
Q

What membrane lines enclosed body cavities?

A

Serous

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13
Q

What membrane lines openings to the outside?

A

Mucous

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14
Q

What membrane is also known as the skin?

A

Cutaneous

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15
Q

What membrane lines joint cavities?

A

Synovial

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16
Q

What is the smallest living unit of structure and function?

A

Cell

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17
Q

What is the material surrounding the cell?

A

Matrix

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18
Q

Evolutionist definition of vestigial organs

A

Useless part leftover from a previous ancestor

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19
Q

Creationist definition of vestigial organs

A

Part we do not understand

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20
Q

Examples of vestigial organs

A

Appendix
Pinneal gland
Coccyx

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21
Q

5 parts of the cramium

A 
Frontal
Pariental
Temporal 
Occipital
Fontanels and sutures
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22
Q

5 parts of the facial

A 
Maxillary
Palatine
Mandible
Zygomatic
Nasal Bones (foramen)
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23
Q

3 parts of the middle ear bones

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

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24
Q

3 parts of the vertabral column

A

Vertabral
Intervertabral
Curvatures

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25
Q

5 parts of the vertabral column

A 
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx
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26
Q

2 parts of the thoracic cage

A

Ribs

Sternum

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27
Q

What contains the costal cartilage?

A

Ribs

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28
Q

What contains the xiphoid and manubrium?

A

Sternum

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29
Q

4 parts of the appendicular skeleton

A

Pectoral girdle
Upper Extremities
Pelvic girlde
Lower Extremities

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30
Q

2 parts of the pectoral girdle

A

Humerus and Clavicus

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31
Q

3 parts of the upper extremities

A

Humerus
Forearm
Wrist and Hand

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32
Q

2 parts of the forearm

A

Ulna and radius

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33
Q

3 parts of the wrist and hand

A

Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges

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34
Q

5 parts of the upper extremities

A 
Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Patella
Foot
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35
Q

4 parts of the foot

A

Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
Arches

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36
Q

What do the tarsals contain?

A

Talus

Calcaneus

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37
Q

What is diaphysis?

A

Central part of a long bone

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38
Q

What is Epiphysis?

A

End part of a long bone

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39
Q

What bone has red marrow?

A

Spongy

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40
Q

What bone has yellow marrow?

A

Medullary

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41
Q

What destroys bones?

A

Osteoclasts

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42
Q

What grows bones?

A

Osteoblasts

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43
Q

What is ossification?

A

Cartilage to bone

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44
Q

What affects bone growth?

A

Nutrition
Exposure to sunlight
Physical stress

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45
Q

Vitamin A source

A

Veggies and fruits

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46
Q

Vitamin C source

A

Citrus fruit and green peppers

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47
Q

Vitamin D source

A

Milk, egg, and yolk

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48
Q

Lacking vitamin A

A

Retard bone development

49
Q

Lacking vitamin C

A

Slender bones

50
Q

Lacking vitamin D

A

Rickets and Osteomalacia

51
Q

What contains collagen?

A

Matrix

52
Q

3 parts of nutrition for bones

A

Calcium
Phosphorus
Vitamins

53
Q

Law for physical stress

A

Wolff’s law

54
Q

Structure of joints

A

Articular cartilage
Ligaments
Synovial membrane and fluid

55
Q

Types of joints

A

Hinge
Ball-and-socket
Pivot
Ellipsoid

56
Q

Examples of joints

A

Hinge - knee
Ball-and-socket - hip
Pivot - Altas and axis
Ellipsoid - Phalanges and metacarpals

57
Q

3 problems of joints

A

Arthritis
Injuries
Bursitis

58
Q

2 type of arthritis

A

Osteoarthritis

Rheumatoid Arthritis

59
Q

3 types of injuries

A

Sprain
Dislocation
Torn ligaments

60
Q

Classification of the skeletal muscle

A

striated and voluntary

Primary function is to move parts of the skeleton

61
Q

Classification of the smooth muscle

A

Walls of hollow structure
Non-striated
Involuntary

62
Q

Classification of the cardiac muscle

A

Found in heart walls
Striated
Involuntary

63
Q

3 major muscles of the head

A

Sternocleidomastoid
Temporalis
Masseter

64
Q

Major muscle of the shoulder

A

Trapezius

65
Q

Major muscle of the ribs

A

Intercostals

66
Q

3 major muscles of the upper arm

A

Deltoid
Pectoralis major
Latismus dorsi

67
Q

2 muscles of the lower arm

A

Biceps brachii

Triceps brachii

68
Q

2 muscles of the abdominal wall

A

External oblique

Rectus abdominus

69
Q

Muscle of the upper leg

A

Gluteas maximus

70
Q

3 muscles of the lower leg

A

Hamstring
Quadriceps femoris
Sartorius

71
Q

2 muscles of the foot

A

Gastronemius

Calconial tendon

72
Q

Skeletal muscle structure

A

Fascia (tendon)
Muscle fiber
Neuromuscular junction

73
Q

Nutrition of muscles

A

Proteins
Carbohydrates
Calcium

74
Q

Exercise of muscle

A

Hypertrophy
Atrophy
Strength/Endurance
Warm up and cooldown

75
Q

Red fibers have ____ twitch

A

Slow

76
Q

White fibers have ____ twitch

A

Fast

77
Q

Parts of the CNS

A

Brain and spinal cord

78
Q

What protects the parts of the CNS

A

Meninges and cerebrospinal fluid

79
Q

Parts of neurons

A

Dendrites
Cell body
Axon

80
Q

Types of neurons

A

Sensory neuron
Interneuron
Motor neuron

81
Q

What matter has myelin sheath?

A

White matter

82
Q

What matter does not have myelin sheath?

A

Gray matter

83
Q

What connects CNS to extremities by nerves?

A

Peripheral Nervous System

84
Q

Divisions of PNS

A

Somtic

Autonomatic

85
Q

Two types of autonomatic division

A

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

86
Q

What are typical nerve pathways, including the brain?

A

Reflex action

87
Q

5 parts of the reflex action

A 
Receptor
Sensory neuron
Interneuron
Motor neuron
Effector
88
Q

What part of the brain has higher mental functioning?

A

Cerebrum

89
Q

4 cerebral lobes

A

frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal

90
Q

What coordinates muscle activity?

A

Cerebellum

91
Q

What lobe has motor controls?

A

Frontal

92
Q

What lobe analyzes sense of touch?

A

Parietal

93
Q

What lobe controls sight?

A

Occipital

94
Q

What lobe controls hearing, taste, and smell?

A

Temporal

95
Q

What controls the breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure?

A

Medulla Oblongata

96
Q

What links cerebrum and cerebellum and helps breathing, eye movement, and facial expressions?

A

Pons

97
Q

What coordinates movement of both eyes?

A

Midbrain

98
Q

What is the “master switch” of the cerebrum?

A

Recticular formation

99
Q

What is the switchboard?

A

Thalamus

100
Q

What is the control unit for body’s automatic systems?

A

Hypothalamus

101
Q

What are parts of the limbic system?

A

Hypothalamus and thalamus

102
Q

What controls behaviorism?

A

The mind

103
Q

Proper care of neurological health

A

Rest and Nutrition

104
Q

Side effects of alcohol

A 
Depressant
Poison - axetaldehyde
Neuritis 
Addiction
Accidents and crimes
105
Q

Injuries of the brain and spinal cord?

A 
Paralysis 
Whiplash
Sciatica
Stroke
Concussion
Amnesia
Coma
106
Q

Touch senses

A

Pain receptors
Mechanoreceptors
Thermoreceptors

107
Q

Chemical senses

A

Taste and smell (olfactory nerve)

108
Q

Protection of the eye

A

Socket, eyelash, eyelid

Tears

109
Q

Movement of the eye

A

6 extrinsic muscles

110
Q

Interior of the eye

A

Glaucoma - too much vitreous humor

111
Q

Accomodation

A

Change in lens for close vision

112
Q

Fovea

A

Layer of nerve cells

113
Q

Cone cells

A

Color blindness

114
Q

Optic nerve leaves eye

A

Blind spot

115
Q

Night blindness

A

Rhodopsin

116
Q

Image focused on retina

A

Normal vision

117
Q

Image focused in front of retina

A

Myopia

118
Q

Image focused “behind” retina

A

Hyperopia

Biological Science Survey - Nistler 2019 (9 decks)

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