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Biological Science Survey - Nistler 2019 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Unit used to measure heat energy and energy content of food

A

Calories

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2
Q

Provides energy

A

Carbohydrates

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3
Q

Raw materials to build tissues

A

Fats and other lipids

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4
Q

Proper functioning of chemical processes

A

Vitamins

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5
Q

Water Soluble vitamins

A

C and B complex

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6
Q

Fat Soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, and K

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7
Q

Growth and repair of body tissue

A

Minerals

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8
Q

All of the chemical reactions in cells that use or release energy

A

Metabolism

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9
Q

Provides medium for chemical reactions

A

Water

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10
Q

Rate at which metabolic reactions occur when at rest

A

BMR

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11
Q

Caloric intake exceeds output

A

Positive energy balance

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12
Q

Caloric output exceeds input

A

Negative energy balance

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13
Q

20% above desired weight due to excess adipose tissue

A

Obesity

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14
Q

Chemical digestion includes…

A

Salivary glands

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15
Q

Amylase

A

Starch

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16
Q

Mechanical digestion includes…

A

Teeth and tongue

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17
Q

Forms of food poisoning…

A

Botulism
Salmonella
Dyspepsia
Ulcers (H. pylori)

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18
Q

Cancer that is 95% curable

A

Colon Cancer

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19
Q

Proteins in the blood

A

Albumin, Globulins, and Fibrinogen

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20
Q

Pigment containing iron

A

Heme

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21
Q

Low hemoglobin cone

A

Anemia

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22
Q

Combination of iron and rush equals…

A

Rust

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23
Q

Genetic mutation causes defective hemoglobin

A

Sickle-cell anemia

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24
Q

“Cell fragments” are also known as…

A

Thrombocytes

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25
Q

Restricts blood flow

A

Seratonin

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26
Q

Mixing two different types of blood

A

Agglutination

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27
Q

Carry blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

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28
Q

Carry blood to the heart

A

Veins

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29
Q

Thick walls and high pressure

A

Arteries

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30
Q

Thin walls and low pressure

A

Veins

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31
Q

Single file blood cells

A

Capillaries

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32
Q

Measures blood pressure

A

Sphygomanometer

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33
Q

Systolic or diastolic?: Heart contraction

A

Systolic

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34
Q

Systolic or diastolic?: Rest period

A

Diastolic

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35
Q

Swelling of arteries as blood pushes through

A

Exchange and use of oxygen by the cells

36
Q

Increased fluid in the lungs

A

Pneumonia

37
Q

Bacteria infects the lungs

A

Tuberculosis

38
Q

Lining of bronchial tubes inflamed

A

Bronchitis

39
Q

Inflammation of membrane that reduces friction between lungs and ribs

A

Pleurisy

40
Q

Spasms of bronchial tube muscles that cause tubes to suddenly constrict

A

Bronchial asthma

41
Q

Virus that infects respiratory system

A

Influenza

42
Q

Most common respiratory disease

A

Common cold

43
Q

Degeneration of aveoli

A

Emphysema

44
Q

Most common hereditary disease in the US

Lungs fill with thick muscles

A

Cystic Fibrosis

45
Q

Uncontrolled growth of lung cells

A

Lung Cancer

46
Q

Maintaining a stable internal environment

A

Homeostasis

47
Q

Build up of epidermal cells

A

Callus

48
Q

Immune system attacks epidermal cells

A

Psoriasis

49
Q

Epidermal cells replenish too quickly

A

Dandruff

50
Q

Pigment produced by melanocytes

A

Melanin

51
Q

Contains elastin and collagen

A

Dermis

52
Q

Fatty layer of loose connective tissue; insulation and shock absorber

A

Subcutaneous layer

53
Q

Purpose of hair

A

Protect, filter, and touch

54
Q

Regulates body temperature

A

Sweat

55
Q

Epidermis damaged; pain and redness

A

First degree

56
Q

Epidermis destroyed and dermis damaged; blisters and sores

A

Second degree

57
Q

Epidermis and dermis destroyed; necrosis

A

Third degree

58
Q

Brings blood back into the kidney

A

Renal artery

59
Q

Removal of waste from the body

A

Excretion

60
Q

Working unit of the kidney

A

Nephron

61
Q

Removal of small molecules

A

Glomerulus

62
Q

Drains filtered material

A

Renal tubule

63
Q

What catches the filtrate

A

Bowman’s Capsule

64
Q

Secreted from kidneys if blood pressure is too low

A

Renin

65
Q

Secreted from pituitary gland if blood pressure is too pulse

A

ADH

66
Q

Build up of calcium or other deposits

A

Kidney stones

67
Q

Increase in leukocytes, erythrocytes, and protein

A

Infections

68
Q

Process of separating molecules of different sizes using a membrane

A

Dialysis

69
Q

Secretes into the blood

A

Endocrine glands

70
Q

Secretes outside of the body

A

Exocrine glands

71
Q

“Master Gland”

A

Pituitary gland

72
Q

Regulates rate of metabolism

A

Thyroxine

73
Q

Decrease in thyroxine during in fancy

A

Cretinism

74
Q

Lack of iodine

A

Simple goiter

75
Q

6 stagers of gestation

A 
Zygote
Morula
Blastocyst
Implantation 
Embryo
Fetus
76
Q

Period of time from conception to birth

A

Gestation

77
Q

Sac of amniotic fluid which surrounds the developing baby

A

Amniotic sac

78
Q

Sac of blood vessels which supply baby with necessary nutrients

A

Placenta

79
Q

Three blood vessels which attach baby to mother

A

Umbilical cord

80
Q

Hormones from the brain

A

LH

FSH

81
Q

Hormones from ovary

A

Estrogen

Progesterone

82
Q

Catches the egg

A

Infundibulum

83
Q

He described micro-organisms and opened a new field of study

A

Anton van Leeuwenhook

84
Q

Any condition that interferes with normal functioning of body

A

Disease

85
Q

Microscopic living creatures

A

Microbe

86
Q

Any organism which causes disease

A

Pathogen

87
Q

Change in emphasis from childhood to adult

A

Medical focus

Biological Science Survey - Nistler 2019 (9 decks)

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