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Biological Science Survey - Nistler 2019 > Test One/Midterm > Flashcards

Test One/Midterm Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is science?

A

Study of God’s order and reasonableness in His physical universe

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2
Q

Three qualities of empirical science?

A

Observable
Testable
Repeatable

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3
Q

Reference: put in garden to dress and keep it

A

Genesis 2:15

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4
Q

Reference: named (classified) the animals

A

Genesis 2:19,20

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5
Q

Reference: Subdue and have dominion

A

Genesis 1:26-29

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6
Q

What are the two opposing worldviews?

A

Biblical

Humanism

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7
Q

Who is the “Father of Evolution”?

A

Charles Darwin

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8
Q

When was the Origin of Species written?

A

1859

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9
Q

When was Scope’s Trial?

A

1925

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10
Q

What is the magic factor for evolution?

A

Time

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11
Q

Reference: God created from nothing

A

Hebrews 11:3

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12
Q

Reference: There was an observer

A

Job 38:4

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13
Q

What are the scientific evidences for a young earth?

A

Supernovas
Salt in the seas
Magnetic fields

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14
Q

Days of creation

A
  1. earth, space, time, and light
  2. firmament
  3. dry land and plants
  4. sun, moon, and stars
  5. Fish and fowl
  6. land animals and man
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15
Q

What are the four parts of a plant?

A

Flowers
Leaves
Stems
Roots

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16
Q

What part of the plant is the reproductive organ?

A

Flowers

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17
Q

What part of the plant uses photosynthesis?

A

Leaves

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18
Q

What part of the plant is woody, herbaceous and vines?

A

Stems

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19
Q

What part of the plant absorbs and transports?

A

Roots

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20
Q

What are the characteristics of the composite family?

A

Head - disk and ray flowers

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21
Q

What flowers are in the composite family?

A

Sunflower and dandelion

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22
Q

What are the characteristics of the mint family?

A

Square stem, aromatic

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23
Q

What are two examples of the mint family?

A

Basil, lavender

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24
Q

What are the characteristics of the rose family?

A

Leaves, bark, seeds, and/or seed pits contain poison

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25
Q

What are two examples of the rose family?

A

Apple, cherry

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26
Q

What are the characteristics of the pea family?

A

Pod-like fruits

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27
Q

What are three examples of the pea family?

A

English peas, peanuts, kudzu

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28
Q

What family includes the nitrogen cycle?

A

Pea family

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29
Q

What is a characteristics of the nightshade family?

A

All initially thought to be poisonous

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30
Q

What are three examples of the nightshade family?

A

Tomatoes, Irish potato, tobacco

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31
Q

What does the cashew family include?

A

Three most common poisonous plants

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32
Q

What three examples are in the cashew family?

A

Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, Poison Sumac

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33
Q

What is the most important group of plants?

A

Grass family

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34
Q

Cereal crops include…

A

Wheat, rice, and corn

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35
Q

Forage grasses are…

A

Used by livestock

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36
Q

Turf grasses include…

A

Lawns and athletic fields

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37
Q

Ornamental includes…

A

Pampas

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38
Q

Woody grasses include…

A

Bamboo

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39
Q

What to notice about grass plants

A

Stolon: vegetative reproduction
Leaf: Blade and sheath
Flower Cluster

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40
Q

What is an oily substance that can produce a severe rash that lasts for days?

A

Urushial

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41
Q

What is the study of trees?

A

Dendrology

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42
Q

What are the four plant organs?

A

Root
Stem
Leaf
Flower

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43
Q

What does the epidermal part of the plant do?

A

Protects and covers (covered by cuticle)

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44
Q

What does the cork of the plant do?

A

Protects and waterproofs

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45
Q

What does the Parenchyma of the plant do?

A

Makes and stores food

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46
Q

What are the three tissues in plants?

A

Structural
Vascular
Meristimatic

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47
Q

What tissue of the plant is sap conducting?`

A

Vascular

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48
Q

What helps longitudinal plant growth?

A

Apical Meristem

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49
Q

What forms new xylem and phloem?

A

Vascular Cambium

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50
Q

What forms new net cork tissue?

A

Cork Cambium

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51
Q

What are the three parts of a cell?

A

Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm

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52
Q

What are the plant cell parts?

A

Cell wall
Chloroplasts
Vacuole

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53
Q

What are the margins of the blade of a leaf?

A

Smooth
Toothed
Lobed

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54
Q

What connects the blade to the stem?

A

Petiole

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55
Q

What is a leaf without a petiole called?

A

Sessile

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56
Q

What is the area at which leaves grow from the stem?

A

Node

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57
Q

What are the four sunlight exposure patterns?

A

Opposite
Alternate
Whorled
Rosette

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58
Q

What is venation?

A

Patterns of veins within a leaf

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59
Q

What is a midrib?

A

Main vein of a leaf

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60
Q

What part of the internal leaf exchanges CO2 and O2?`

A

Stomata

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61
Q

What open and closes the stomata?

A

Guard cells

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62
Q

What does photosynthesis require?

A

CO2
H2O
Sunlight
Chlorophyll

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63
Q

What are the products of photosynthesis?

A

Glucose
Oxygen
Water

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64
Q

Medicine from the Common White Willow

A

Aspirin

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65
Q

What uses Yellow Cinchona and is an anti malaria?

A

Quinine

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66
Q

What is used by the Rosy Periwinkle and is used for Hodgkin’s disease?

A

Vinblastine

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67
Q

Classification by growth cycle

A

Annual
Biennial
Perennial

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68
Q

What colors the leaves?

A

Xanthophyll
Carotene
Anthocyanin

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69
Q

High rigor pressure

A

Turgid

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70
Q

Low turgid pressure

A

Wilting

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71
Q

Patterns of venation

A

Parallel
Pinnate
Palmate

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72
Q

Equation of chlorophyll

A

6CO2+6H2O + sunlight = C6H12O6 +6O2

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73
Q

Primary purpose of flowers, fruits, and seeds

A

Reproduction

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74
Q

Four basic parts of a flower

A

Sepal
Petals
Stamen
Pistil

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75
Q

Characteristics of an incomplete flower

A

Lacks one or more basic parts
Lacks petals
Lacks stamen or pistil

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76
Q

Clusters of flowers are called

A

Inflorescences

77
Q

Factors affecting flowering

A

Length of night and day
Temperature
Soil Nutrients

78
Q

Who are Horticulturists?

A

Agricultural technician who specialize ingrowing flowers, fruits, vegetables, and shrubs

79
Q

What is pollination?

A

Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma

80
Q

What glands secrete nectar?

A

Nectaries

81
Q

What flower attracts flies?

A

Carrion

82
Q

What pollinates the wild orchid and fig flower?

A

Wasp

83
Q

What pollinates yucca flowers?

A

Moth

84
Q

Hay fever is also called…

A

Allergic rhinitis

85
Q

What causes allergy symptoms?

A

Histamines

86
Q

What is the union of egg to sperm to form a new organism?

A

Fertilization

87
Q

Steps to fertilization

A 
Pollination
Formation of pollen tube
Fertilization
Zygote develops into embryo
Ovule is now a seed
88
Q

What is a fruit?

A

Ripened ovary of a flower

89
Q

What is a vegetable?

A

Any edible part of a plant that does not conform to the definition of a fruit

90
Q

What is the exocarp?

A

skin or covering of fruit

91
Q

What is the mesocarp?

A

Fleshy part of fruit

92
Q

What is the endocarp?

A

tissue that surrounds the seeds

93
Q

What is the pericarp?

A

All three of layers are fused and virtually indistinguishable

94
Q

What has an aggregate formation?

A

Blackberries, raspberries, strawberries

95
Q

What has a multiple formation?

A

Pineapples and figs

96
Q

Endocarp is a pit or stone

A

Drupe

97
Q

Examples of drupes

A

Cherry, olive, almond, walnut

98
Q

Pericarp is fleshy throughout

A

Berry

99
Q

Examples of berries

A

Tomatoes and grapes

100
Q

Berry with leathery outer layer containing oils; orange

A

Hesperidium

101
Q

Berry with thick rind not containing oils; cucumber and watermelon

A

Pepo

102
Q

Fleshy outer, inner papery

A

Pome

103
Q

Examples of Pome

A

Apples and pears

104
Q

Follicle is where..

A

Splits one side of fruit

105
Q

Example of follicle

A

Milkweed

106
Q

Legume is where…

A

Splits on two sides

107
Q

Examples of legume

A

Peas and peanuts

108
Q

Achene is where…

A

Single seed attached to pericarp at base

109
Q

Example of archene

A

Sunflower

110
Q

Nut is where…

A

Pericarp hard and thick with cup at the base

111
Q

Examples of nut

A

Acorn and chestnut

112
Q

Caryopsis is where…

A

Single seed fully fused to pericarp

113
Q

Examples of caryopsis

A

Corn and wheat

114
Q

Samara is where…

A

Single-winged pericarp

115
Q

Examples of samara

A

Maple and elm

116
Q

What is a seed?

A

Fully developed and matured ovules that are capable of producing a new plant

117
Q

Epicotyl

A

Stem above cotelydon

118
Q

Hypocotyl

A

Stem below cotelydon

119
Q

Factors of germination

A

Dormancy
Viability
Imbition

120
Q

Primary purpose of growth

A

Length

121
Q

Secondary purpose of growth

A

Width

122
Q

Internal structure of woody dicot cross section

A

Phloem
Vascular Cambium
Wood

123
Q

Types of wood

A

Pith
Heartwood
Sapwood

124
Q

Formation of annual rings

A

spring - light and large vessels

summer - dark and small vessels

125
Q

Epidermis of monocots are called…

A

rind

126
Q

What includes stock, scion, and budding?

A

Grafting

127
Q

Hormone involved in many tropisms

A

Auxin

128
Q

Hormone that promotes axillary growth and cell division

A

Cytokinins

129
Q

Hormone that regulates normal plant growth and triggers germination

A

Gibberellins

130
Q

Hormone that tells plant to be dormant

A

Abscisic acid

131
Q

Hormone that forms abcission layer

A

Ethylene

132
Q

Types of roots

A

Fibrous and tapnot

133
Q

Meristematic wood growth

A

Growth at root tip
Protection at root cap
Secretion of CO2

134
Q

What are the chief absorbing structures?

A

Root hairs

135
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Process of mixing molecules of one substance through another by random molecular motion

136
Q

What is osmosis?

A

One-way diffusion through a semipermeable membrane

137
Q

What is the upward flow of fluids through the xylem?

A

Sap stream

138
Q

What is the upward movement of liquid through a very narrow tube?

A

Cappilarity

139
Q

What is cohesion?

A

Water molecules stick together

140
Q

What is adhesion?

A

Water sticks to walls of narrow tubes

141
Q

What is transpiration?

A

Loss of water vapor from leaves and stems of a plant

142
Q

What are tropisms?

A

Growth responses

143
Q

Similarities of living things

A

Structural
Biochemical and DNA
Mating and Reproduction

144
Q

Who divided plants and animals in basic groups?

A

Aristotle

145
Q

Who developed species concept and wrote Wisdom of God Manifested in the Creation?

A

John Ray

146
Q

Who showed organisms could be arranged into a graded hierarchy and developed definite terminology?

A

Carolus Linnaeus

147
Q

Umbrella shaped capsule

A

Liverworts

148
Q

All algae contains….

A

Cholorophyll

149
Q

Algae is what link in the aquatic food chain?

A

First link

150
Q

Is algae always found in water?

A

No

151
Q

Which algae is largest number of species?

A

Green

152
Q

Which algae is unicellular, colonial, filamentous

A

Green

153
Q

Which algae is most abundant?

A

Yellow

154
Q

What is the second most abundant life form?

A

Diatoms

155
Q

Which algae is the seaweed of colder water?

A

Brown

156
Q

Which algae contains kelp?

A

Brown

157
Q

What means float by air sacs?

A

Sargassium

158
Q

Which algae contains seaweed in warmer ocean water?

A

Red

159
Q

Which algae is dulse, Irish moss?

A

Red

160
Q

Which algae is flagella and red-tide?

A

Dinoflagellates

161
Q

Which algae is cyanobacteria and Anabaena?

A

Blue-green

162
Q

Characteristics of Fungi

A 
Non-vascular
Cell wall of chitin
No chlorophyll
Heterotrophs
Harmful and beneficial
163
Q

Parts of fungi

A

Hyphae

Fruiting body

164
Q

What fungo produces spores in club shaped basidia?

A

Club fungi

165
Q

What fungi contains mushrooms, toadstools, and puffballs?

A

Club fungi

166
Q

What fungi is found on logs and trees?

A

Bracket fungi

167
Q

What includes bread mold and cheese molds?

A

Molds

168
Q

Penicillium is from what?

A

Blue cheese

169
Q

What includes yeasts, mildew, and slimemolds?

A

Sac fungi

170
Q

How do yeats reproduce?

A

By budding

171
Q

What are jellylike organisms often seen on bark of fallen trees?

A

Slime molds

172
Q

What is species?

A

Group of similar organsisms which interbreed freely in nature

173
Q

What is kind?

A

Biologically capable of producing offspring and hybridization

174
Q

What are flowering plants?

A

Angiosperms

175
Q

What are non-flowering plants?

A

Gymnosperms

176
Q

What seed is produced in cones or cone-like structures?

A

“Navea” seed

177
Q

What are conifers?

A

Cone-bearing

178
Q

Staminate means…

A

Pollen produced

179
Q

Ovulate means…

A

Seed produced

180
Q

What are palm-like leaves?

A

Cycod

181
Q

What are fan-shaped leaves?

A

Ginko/not evergreen

182
Q

What is asexual reproduction?

A

One-celled reproductive structure capable of growing into a new organsim

183
Q

What are ferns?

A

Sori and sporangium

184
Q

Examples of ferns

A

Fronds, fiddleheads, and rhizomes

185
Q

Example of club moss

A

Ground moss

186
Q

What are horsetails?

A

Hollow, jointed stem

187
Q

Benefits of mosses

A

Chemical weathering and prevents soil erosion

188
Q

What is an umbrella shaped capsule?

A

Liverworts

Biological Science Survey - Nistler 2019 (9 decks)

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