Test One/Midterm Flashcards
What is science?
Study of God’s order and reasonableness in His physical universe
Three qualities of empirical science?
Observable
Testable
Repeatable
Reference: put in garden to dress and keep it
Genesis 2:15
Reference: named (classified) the animals
Genesis 2:19,20
Reference: Subdue and have dominion
Genesis 1:26-29
What are the two opposing worldviews?
Biblical
Humanism
Who is the “Father of Evolution”?
Charles Darwin
When was the Origin of Species written?
1859
When was Scope’s Trial?
1925
What is the magic factor for evolution?
Time
Reference: God created from nothing
Hebrews 11:3
Reference: There was an observer
Job 38:4
What are the scientific evidences for a young earth?
Supernovas
Salt in the seas
Magnetic fields
Days of creation
- earth, space, time, and light
- firmament
- dry land and plants
- sun, moon, and stars
- Fish and fowl
- land animals and man
What are the four parts of a plant?
Flowers
Leaves
Stems
Roots
What part of the plant is the reproductive organ?
Flowers
What part of the plant uses photosynthesis?
Leaves
What part of the plant is woody, herbaceous and vines?
Stems
What part of the plant absorbs and transports?
Roots
What are the characteristics of the composite family?
Head - disk and ray flowers
What flowers are in the composite family?
Sunflower and dandelion
What are the characteristics of the mint family?
Square stem, aromatic
What are two examples of the mint family?
Basil, lavender
What are the characteristics of the rose family?
Leaves, bark, seeds, and/or seed pits contain poison
What are two examples of the rose family?
Apple, cherry
What are the characteristics of the pea family?
Pod-like fruits
What are three examples of the pea family?
English peas, peanuts, kudzu
What family includes the nitrogen cycle?
Pea family
What is a characteristics of the nightshade family?
All initially thought to be poisonous
What are three examples of the nightshade family?
Tomatoes, Irish potato, tobacco
What does the cashew family include?
Three most common poisonous plants
What three examples are in the cashew family?
Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, Poison Sumac
What is the most important group of plants?
Grass family
Cereal crops include…
Wheat, rice, and corn
Forage grasses are…
Used by livestock
Turf grasses include…
Lawns and athletic fields
Ornamental includes…
Pampas
Woody grasses include…
Bamboo
What to notice about grass plants
Stolon: vegetative reproduction
Leaf: Blade and sheath
Flower Cluster
What is an oily substance that can produce a severe rash that lasts for days?
Urushial
What is the study of trees?
Dendrology
What are the four plant organs?
Root
Stem
Leaf
Flower
What does the epidermal part of the plant do?
Protects and covers (covered by cuticle)
What does the cork of the plant do?
Protects and waterproofs
What does the Parenchyma of the plant do?
Makes and stores food
What are the three tissues in plants?
Structural
Vascular
Meristimatic
What tissue of the plant is sap conducting?`
Vascular
What helps longitudinal plant growth?
Apical Meristem
What forms new xylem and phloem?
Vascular Cambium
What forms new net cork tissue?
Cork Cambium
What are the three parts of a cell?
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
What are the plant cell parts?
Cell wall
Chloroplasts
Vacuole
What are the margins of the blade of a leaf?
Smooth
Toothed
Lobed
What connects the blade to the stem?
Petiole
What is a leaf without a petiole called?
Sessile
What is the area at which leaves grow from the stem?
Node
What are the four sunlight exposure patterns?
Opposite
Alternate
Whorled
Rosette
What is venation?
Patterns of veins within a leaf
What is a midrib?
Main vein of a leaf
What part of the internal leaf exchanges CO2 and O2?`
Stomata
What open and closes the stomata?
Guard cells
What does photosynthesis require?
CO2
H2O
Sunlight
Chlorophyll
What are the products of photosynthesis?
Glucose
Oxygen
Water
Medicine from the Common White Willow
Aspirin
What uses Yellow Cinchona and is an anti malaria?
Quinine
What is used by the Rosy Periwinkle and is used for Hodgkin’s disease?
Vinblastine
Classification by growth cycle
Annual
Biennial
Perennial
What colors the leaves?
Xanthophyll
Carotene
Anthocyanin
High rigor pressure
Turgid
Low turgid pressure
Wilting
Patterns of venation
Parallel
Pinnate
Palmate
Equation of chlorophyll
6CO2+6H2O + sunlight = C6H12O6 +6O2
Primary purpose of flowers, fruits, and seeds
Reproduction
Four basic parts of a flower
Sepal
Petals
Stamen
Pistil
Characteristics of an incomplete flower
Lacks one or more basic parts
Lacks petals
Lacks stamen or pistil
Clusters of flowers are called
Inflorescences
Factors affecting flowering
Length of night and day
Temperature
Soil Nutrients
Who are Horticulturists?
Agricultural technician who specialize ingrowing flowers, fruits, vegetables, and shrubs
What is pollination?
Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma
What glands secrete nectar?
Nectaries
What flower attracts flies?
Carrion
What pollinates the wild orchid and fig flower?
Wasp
What pollinates yucca flowers?
Moth
Hay fever is also called…
Allergic rhinitis
What causes allergy symptoms?
Histamines
What is the union of egg to sperm to form a new organism?
Fertilization
Steps to fertilization
Pollination Formation of pollen tube Fertilization Zygote develops into embryo Ovule is now a seed
What is a fruit?
Ripened ovary of a flower
What is a vegetable?
Any edible part of a plant that does not conform to the definition of a fruit
What is the exocarp?
skin or covering of fruit
What is the mesocarp?
Fleshy part of fruit
What is the endocarp?
tissue that surrounds the seeds
What is the pericarp?
All three of layers are fused and virtually indistinguishable
What has an aggregate formation?
Blackberries, raspberries, strawberries
What has a multiple formation?
Pineapples and figs
Endocarp is a pit or stone
Drupe
Examples of drupes
Cherry, olive, almond, walnut
Pericarp is fleshy throughout
Berry
Examples of berries
Tomatoes and grapes
Berry with leathery outer layer containing oils; orange
Hesperidium
Berry with thick rind not containing oils; cucumber and watermelon
Pepo
Fleshy outer, inner papery
Pome
Examples of Pome
Apples and pears
Follicle is where..
Splits one side of fruit
Example of follicle
Milkweed
Legume is where…
Splits on two sides
Examples of legume
Peas and peanuts
Achene is where…
Single seed attached to pericarp at base
Example of archene
Sunflower
Nut is where…
Pericarp hard and thick with cup at the base
Examples of nut
Acorn and chestnut
Caryopsis is where…
Single seed fully fused to pericarp
Examples of caryopsis
Corn and wheat
Samara is where…
Single-winged pericarp
Examples of samara
Maple and elm
What is a seed?
Fully developed and matured ovules that are capable of producing a new plant
Epicotyl
Stem above cotelydon
Hypocotyl
Stem below cotelydon
Factors of germination
Dormancy
Viability
Imbition
Primary purpose of growth
Length
Secondary purpose of growth
Width
Internal structure of woody dicot cross section
Phloem
Vascular Cambium
Wood
Types of wood
Pith
Heartwood
Sapwood
Formation of annual rings
spring - light and large vessels
summer - dark and small vessels
Epidermis of monocots are called…
rind
What includes stock, scion, and budding?
Grafting
Hormone involved in many tropisms
Auxin
Hormone that promotes axillary growth and cell division
Cytokinins
Hormone that regulates normal plant growth and triggers germination
Gibberellins
Hormone that tells plant to be dormant
Abscisic acid
Hormone that forms abcission layer
Ethylene
Types of roots
Fibrous and tapnot
Meristematic wood growth
Growth at root tip
Protection at root cap
Secretion of CO2
What are the chief absorbing structures?
Root hairs
What is diffusion?
Process of mixing molecules of one substance through another by random molecular motion
What is osmosis?
One-way diffusion through a semipermeable membrane
What is the upward flow of fluids through the xylem?
Sap stream
What is the upward movement of liquid through a very narrow tube?
Cappilarity
What is cohesion?
Water molecules stick together
What is adhesion?
Water sticks to walls of narrow tubes
What is transpiration?
Loss of water vapor from leaves and stems of a plant
What are tropisms?
Growth responses
Similarities of living things
Structural
Biochemical and DNA
Mating and Reproduction
Who divided plants and animals in basic groups?
Aristotle
Who developed species concept and wrote Wisdom of God Manifested in the Creation?
John Ray
Who showed organisms could be arranged into a graded hierarchy and developed definite terminology?
Carolus Linnaeus
Umbrella shaped capsule
Liverworts
All algae contains….
Cholorophyll
Algae is what link in the aquatic food chain?
First link
Is algae always found in water?
No
Which algae is largest number of species?
Green
Which algae is unicellular, colonial, filamentous
Green
Which algae is most abundant?
Yellow
What is the second most abundant life form?
Diatoms
Which algae is the seaweed of colder water?
Brown
Which algae contains kelp?
Brown
What means float by air sacs?
Sargassium
Which algae contains seaweed in warmer ocean water?
Red
Which algae is dulse, Irish moss?
Red
Which algae is flagella and red-tide?
Dinoflagellates
Which algae is cyanobacteria and Anabaena?
Blue-green
Characteristics of Fungi
Non-vascular Cell wall of chitin No chlorophyll Heterotrophs Harmful and beneficial
Parts of fungi
Hyphae
Fruiting body
What fungo produces spores in club shaped basidia?
Club fungi
What fungi contains mushrooms, toadstools, and puffballs?
Club fungi
What fungi is found on logs and trees?
Bracket fungi
What includes bread mold and cheese molds?
Molds
Penicillium is from what?
Blue cheese
What includes yeasts, mildew, and slimemolds?
Sac fungi
How do yeats reproduce?
By budding
What are jellylike organisms often seen on bark of fallen trees?
Slime molds
What is species?
Group of similar organsisms which interbreed freely in nature
What is kind?
Biologically capable of producing offspring and hybridization
What are flowering plants?
Angiosperms
What are non-flowering plants?
Gymnosperms
What seed is produced in cones or cone-like structures?
“Navea” seed
What are conifers?
Cone-bearing
Staminate means…
Pollen produced
Ovulate means…
Seed produced
What are palm-like leaves?
Cycod
What are fan-shaped leaves?
Ginko/not evergreen
What is asexual reproduction?
One-celled reproductive structure capable of growing into a new organsim
What are ferns?
Sori and sporangium
Examples of ferns
Fronds, fiddleheads, and rhizomes
Example of club moss
Ground moss
What are horsetails?
Hollow, jointed stem
Benefits of mosses
Chemical weathering and prevents soil erosion
What is an umbrella shaped capsule?
Liverworts
