TEST THAT IMA FAIL ): mitosis and what not Flashcards
What are the stages to mitosis (in order obvi)
Interphase (well not technically apart of mitosis), Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
What happens in interphase
G1 and S and G2
What happens in interphase G1
The cells grow normally until they get a signal to divide and increase in size
What happens in interphase S
The DNA/Chromosomes double
How many chromosomes does a cell have before interphase
46
How many chromosomes does a cell have after interphase
92
How many chromosomes does a cell have after cytoplasm
46
What happens in prophase
Nuclear membrane/envelope starts to disappear, chromosomes condense and spindle fibers form
What is the Nuclear membrane/envelope
A layer that encloses the nucleus and is where all the chromosomes reside
What are spindle fibers?
a network of threads that are formed during the cell division process
What happens in metaphase
Spindle fibers move chromosomes to the center
What is the center called during metaphase
metaphase plate or equator
What happens in anaphase
Spindle fibers contract pulling the sister chromatids to opposite ends of the cell
What are sister chromatids
One half of a chromosome
What happens in telophase
The nuclear membrane starts to reform and spindle fibers starts to disappear and cleavage furrow forms in animal cells and cell plates in plant cells, and chromosomes becomes loose
What happens in cytokinese
Cytoplasm completely splits and forms two identical daughter cells.
What are somatic cells
They are any cell that isn’t a reproductive cell and all of them go through Mitosis
What is crossing over in Meiosis
This happens during prophase 1 and is when pieces of homologus chromosomes exchange pieces to create new combinations, happens at the chiasma. this increase gentic diversity?
(AKA EXCHANGE ON GENITIC MATERIAL)
What does Meiosis have that Mitosis doesn’t
They have 2 rounds of divison with the second phase not having interphase
Start parent chromosome number and ending daughters (meiosis)
They start with 46 and after S stage has 92 and at the end of meisois 1 it as 46 and at the end of meisois 2 it has 23.
How many cells are there at the end of meisosis.
4
Are the cells at the end of Meiosis the same?
No they aren’t the same because they have differnt homologous
What type of cells do mitosis make and Meiosis
Mitosis makes dipoloid cells meaning they are 2n meaning they have 2 copies of chromosomes and Meiosis makes haploid meaning they are N, only one copy of each chromosome
Similarities between mitosis and meiosis
Both forms of cell divison, both go through interphase and dna replication before division
