I understand 0 of this shit Flashcards
Who was Gregor Mendel (facts and stuff)
Priest
Mathematician and scientist
Home garden and work with pea plants
Experiments and models
Father of genetics
Whats the difference between Dominant and Recessive
Dominant is always expressed when present, and recessive is only expressed when no dominant genes are present.
Homozygous vs. Heterozygous
Homo - same alleles
xx or XX
Hetero - different alleles
Xx
True breeding vs Purebreding
-True breeding passes down mixed alleles.
-Pure breeding always passes down the same allele. OBVI
-Pure breeding: another name for homozygous: breeding where both alleles are the same.
-True breeding: True breeding passes down mixed alleles.
Genotype vs. Phenotype
-Genotype - allele (letter) combination
yy = genotype
-Phenotype - physical characteristics or trait
Green = phenotype
What was Mendel’s experiment
He used peas to show heredity is transmited
Why did Mendel use peas?
-Generate many offspring in short amount of time
-Take up a minimal amount of space
-Control crosses (self pollination vs. cross pollination)
-have observable traits
What does control crosses mean
- plant enhancement technique that produces an offspring with genes from each of two established parent plants
Self-pollination vs cross pollination
Self pollination - a plant transfers its own pollen from the stamen to the pistil by itself
Cross pollination - when bees, hummingbirds, or butterflies travel with pollen from one plant to the next
How to perform a monohybrid cross and determine offspring percentages
Following one trait - ex. Seed color
Use a punnett square
What is Incomplete dominance
It is another type of inheritance and it blends colors
Ex: red flower x white flower = pink flower offspring
-This occurs when neither trait is truly dominant over the other.
What is Codominance?
It is another type of inheritance where both Alleles are expressed equally
Ex: Red flower x White flower= Red white flower #STRIPES
X-Linked or Sex linked
X-linked is a trait found on the X chromosome, this trait is more common in males because they only have one copy
-its like to a power
X-linked/sex linked are a trait on the sex’s of a chromosome.
Males are represented as? Females are represented as?
Males can be carriers to what and cant be to waht?
What type of females are carriers
-Xx for female and Xy for male.
-Heterzoyogs females are carriers.
-Males can’t be carriers to sex linked but can be carriers for autosomal which arent sex linked,
In Pedigrees what are females and what are males
How are carriers shown
How are traits shown
How are ppl with nothing shown
How to find X linked
How to know if its autosomal
How to know if its dom or recessive
-Circle are females and square are male
-Carriers are half shaded
-Traits r shaded
-Someone who has nothing like pay isnt shaded OBIV
-X-linked count the number of males that have and females that have.
-Autosomal if everyone has it
-Every generation is dominant and skips is recessive #ZABLACKIE
