DNA= Dont and Az

Question 1

What does DNA stand for

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

Function of DNA

Answer 2

DNA contains the genetic instructions/hereditary information needed for an organism to develop, survive and reproduce

Question 3

A DNA nucleotide is composed of three units:

Answer 3

Phosphate group
5-carbon sugar (Deoxyribose)
Nitrogenous base

Question 4

What are the Nitrogenous bases

Answer 4

Adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C)

Question 5

What shape is DNA

Answer 5

Double helix (​​The presence of two strands (twisted ladder))

Question 6

Base parings?

Answer 6

Adenine (A) & Thymine (T)
Guanine (G) & Cytosine (C)

Question 7

What is the base paring rule

Answer 7

The percentage of adenine (A) will equal the percentage of thymine (T), and the percentage of cytosine (C) will equal the percentage of guanine (G). Together, these percentages will add to 100%.

Question 8

Hydrogen bonds and Number Between Pairs

Answer 8

A & T - two hydrogen bonds
C & G - three hydrogen bonds

Question 9

Rosalind Franklin what did she discover

Answer 9

Discovered the double helix structure by the use of x-ray crystallography, and took a photo of it (known as “Photo 51”)

Question 10

Watson and Crick what did they discover

Answer 10

-Proposed the double helix model
-Stole Rosalind Franklin’s double helix structure
-Realized that DNA was made up of two chains of nucleotide pairs that encode the genetic information for all living things

Question 11

Erwin Chargaff #PAY

Answer 11

-Reported that the base composition varies from one species to another
–In 1949, Chargaff discovered that the proportions of bases in DNA depend on the species the DNA comes from
—The amount of guanine should be equal to the amount of cytosine and the amount of adenine should be equal to the amount of thymine
—-1:1 ratio of purine and pyrimidine bases (A+G = T+C ) should exist
——–The perfects of A and T/G and C bases are roughly equal (kahoot answer)

Question 12

Frederick Griffith

Answer 12

Accidentally discovered that pathogenicity traits (traits that cause disease) are passed by descendants of bacteria

Question 13

What is DNA replication

Answer 13

when Dna creates new copies of itself

Question 14

Model is semi-conservative (what does that mean?)

Answer 14

-The two strands of DNA unwind from each other, and each acts as a template for synthesis of a new, complementary strand
–This results in two DNA molecules with one original strand and one new strand

Question 15

Why does DNA Replicate

Answer 15

Replication is an essential process because whenever a cell divides, the two new daughter cells must contain the same DNA (genetic information) as the parent cell

Question 16

Steps of DNA Replication

Answer 16

1. Helicase unzips the DNA (breaking the bonds)
2. DNA polymerase travels down the molecule adding bases following the complementary base pairing rules (A&T) (C&G)
3. Bases are added in 5’ (‘ = prime) 3) direction in the direction of the replication fork
4. Both sides are opposite directions (antiparallel) leading strand made continuously - lagging strand made in fragments (Okazaki)
5. DNA polymerase double checks for eros
   5 1/2. Each original DNA molecule acts as a template for the new strand

Question 17

Leading vs. Lagging Strand

Answer 17

-Leading is Synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3’ end of the growing strand and Synthesized in short fragments that are ultimately stitched together (Okazaki)
-Lagging is Strand created in pieces, Synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 5’ end ,synthesized continuously

Question 18

Enzymes and functions
Helicase

Answer 18

Unwinds the double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds

Question 19

Enzymes and functions
DNA Polymerase

Answer 19

Travels down the molecule adding bases

Question 20

Enzymes and Functions
Ligase

Answer 20

Joins the Okazaki fragments by gluing them together

Question 21

The Hershey Chase experiment proved

Answer 21

That proteins don’t make up hereditary material
That nucleic acid are the hereditary material
That enzymes are the hereditary material