Test Reviews Flashcards
1-35; 36-65; 66-95; 96-130; 131-160; 161-192; 193-226
All ionizing radiation is harmful and produces biological change in living tissues.
TRUE OR FALSE
True
- The two main mechanisms of radiation injury are ionization and free radical formation. 2. Free radical formation is an example of the indirect theory of injury.
a. both statements are true
b. both statements are false
c. statement 1 is true and statement 2 is false
d. statement 1 is false and statement 2 is true
a. both statements are true
The following is (are) true about free radical formation:
a. It is responsible for most of the damage to living tissue during radiation exposure
b. to achieve stability, free radicals may combine with molecules and produce toxins
c. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a toxin produced that causes damage to tissues
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
d. all of the above
In the sequence of radiation injury, the period between exposure to ionizing radiation and observable signs is known as:
a. the period of injury
b. the recovery period
c. the latent period
d. none of the above
c. the latent period
The amount of energy absorbed by a tissue, measured in RADs, refers to:
a. dose measurement
b. exposure measurement
c. dose equivalent (in man) measurement
a. dose measurement
All of the following are true about background radiation EXCEPT:
a. It is naturally occurring radiation we are exposed to daily
b. two main types are cosmic and terrestrial
c. medical and dental radiation are sources of background radiation
d. none of the above
c. medical and dental radiation are sources of background radiation
Which of the following could be a long-term effect of x-radiation?
a. vomiting
b. cancer
c. hair loss
d. hemorrhage
b. cancer
The type of filtration produced when the x-ray beam passes through the glass window (in the tube), insulating oil and tubehead seal is known as:
a. added filtration
b. inherent filtration
c. total filtration
d. all of the above
b. inherent filtration
Which of the following exposure factors will INCREASE patient exposure to x-radiation?
a. E-speed film rather than D-speed film
b. long-cone technique rather than short-cone technique
c. Circular collimation rather than rectangular collimation
d. high kVp (80kVp) rather than low kVp (60kVp)
c. Circular collimation rather than rectangular collimation
Which of the following is TRUE of the dose-response curve for radiation injury?
a. a threshold dose level for damage does NOT exist
b. The response of the tissues is proportional to the dose
c. it has a linear, threshold relationship
d. all of the above
e. A and B only
e. A and B only
Which of the following is NOT a factor for determining radiation injury?
a. dose rate
b. cell sensitivity
c. total dose
d. occupational exposure
e. age
d. occupational exposure
- Short-term effects of x-radiation are associated with high doses over a short period of time. 2. Long-term effects of x-radiation are associated with small doses repeated over a long period of time.
a. both statements are true
b. both statements are false
c. statement 1 is true and statement 2 is false
d. statement 1 is false and statement 2 is true
a. both statements are true
X-radiation injury to reproductive (genetic) cells:
a. is not seen in the person irradiated
b. can be repaired
c. is rarely passed on to the offspring
d. all of the above
a. is not seen in the person irradiated
Radiation therapy is often successful at destroying cancer cells, this is due to the fact that cancer cells:
a. are immature (undifferentiated) cells
b. undergo mitotic activity at a rapid pace
c. have a fast cell metabolism
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Which of the following is NOT considered a critical organ in dentistry?
a. skin
b. thyroid gland
c. brain
d. bone marrow
c. brain
Which units are TRADITIONAL UNITS of radiation measurement?
a. Roentgen, Gray, Roentgen Equivalent in Man
b. Roentgen, Radiation Absorbed Dose, Roentgen Equivalent in Man
c. Coulombs/kilogram, Gray, Sievert
d. Roentgen, Gray, Radiation Absorbed Dose
b. Roentgen, Radiation Absorbed Dose, Roentgen Equivalent in Man
The unit(s) that measures the amount of ionization by radiation that occurs in AIR is the:
a. Roentgen
b. Gray
c. Coloumbs/kilogram
d. both A and B
e. both A and C
e. both A and C
The risk of dental radiography inducing a fatal cancer is:
a. approximately three in a million
b. more likely to occur than from spontaneous cancer formation
c. approximately the same as the risk of death from riding a bicycle 10 miles
d. all of the above
e. A and C only
e. A and C only
The FIRST important step in limiting the amount of x-radiation exposure is correctly prescribing dental radiographs. TRUE OR FALSE
True
All of the following are true about pregnancy and x-radiation exposure EXCEPT:
a. the FDA recommendations do not have to be altered
b. in a FMS (18 films) with lead apron, the uterus receives 1 REM to the uterus
c. background radiation in 9 months accounts for 225 mREMs to the uterus
d. you should avoid exposure unless needed (weigh risk to benefit)
b. in a FMS (18 films) with lead apron, the uterus receives 1 REM to the uterus
Which of the following is NOT used to focus the x-ray beam and reduce scatter?
a. lead collimators
b. Position-Indicating Device (PID)
c. aluminum disks
d. none of the above
c. aluminum disks
Which of the following is an example of a radiosensitive cell?
a. muscle cells
b. nerve cells
c. mature bone cells
d. bone marrow cells
d. bone marrow cells
When taking radiographs, for patient protection during exposure:
a. always use a lead apron and thyroid collar for intraoral films
b. protec reproductive and blood forming tissues from scatter radiation
c. don’t use a thyroid collar for panoramic films
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
The single most effective method for reducing patient’s exposure to x-radiation DURING exposure is:
a. longer PID
b. utilizing a lead apron
c. using a fast film
d. proper prescription of radiographs
c. using a fast film