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Dental Radiography > DENT 1050 Test #2, Chapters 1, 6, 7, 9, 11, 16, 20 > Flashcards

DENT 1050 Test #2, Chapters 1, 6, 7, 9, 11, 16, 20 Flashcards

1
Q

Radiation

A

a form of energy carried by waves or a stream of particles

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2
Q

X-radiation

A

a high-energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with a metal target in an x-ray tube

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3
Q

X-ray

A

A beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image shadows on photographic or digital sensors

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4
Q

Radiology

A

the science or study of radiation as used in medicine; a branch of medical science that deals with the use of x-rays, radioactive substances, and other forms of radiant energy in the diagnosis and treatment of disease

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5
Q

radiograph

A

a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional object.

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6
Q

dental radiograph

A

a photographic image produced on an image receptor by the passage of x-rays through teeth and related structures

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7
Q

Radiography

A

the art and science of making radiographs by the exposure of film to x-rays

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8
Q

Dental radiography

A

the production of radiographs of the teeth and adjacent structures by the exposure of an image receptor to x-rays

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9
Q

Dental radiographer

A

any person who positions, exposes, and processes dental x-ray image receptors

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10
Q

X-rays discovered by:

A

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen; in 1895

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11
Q

First radiograph by Roentgen:

A

of his shotgun

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12
Q

Took the first dental radiographs in 1896

A

Otto Walkhoff

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13
Q

Created first vacuum tube

A

Heinrich Geissler

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14
Q

Took first radiograph using a skull; first full body radiograph

A

W.J. Morton

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15
Q

Pioneered the use of radiographs in the dental profession in the U.S.

A

Dr. William Rollins

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16
Q

Created first intraoral radiograph film

A

Frank Van Woert

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17
Q

Developed the hot cathode x-ray tube

A

William D. Coolidge

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18
Q

“Father of modern dental radiography”

A

F. Gordon Fitzgerald

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19
Q

Before what year was there no regulation of x-ray machines?

A

1974

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20
Q

Types of x-ray machines (2)

A

Intraoral machines and Extraoral machines

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21
Q

Tubehead

A

made up of insulating oil, transformers, cathode and anode

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22
Q

Control devices in IO x-ray machines include:

A

kVp, mA, and timer

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23
Q

Bite-Block or Stabe Bite-Block

A

disposable styrofoam bite-block with a backing plate and slot for film retention

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24
Q

EEZEE-Grip (Snap-A-Ray)

A

sturdy molded plastic (sterilizable)

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25
Q

Uses of dental radiographs

A

Detection (**primary benefit), Confirmation of suspected diseases, Localization, Documenting change from the baseline

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26
Q

Prescribing dental radiographs is:

A

based on the individual need of the patient; ultimately decided by the dentist

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27
Q

Dental x-ray film composistion

A

Film base; adhesive layer; film emulsion-found on both sides of film and homogenous mixture of gelatin and silver halide crystals; protective layer

28
Q

Latent image formation

A

stored energy within the silver halide crystals forms a pattern or image within the emulsion that is “invisible” until the film undergoes processing

29
Q

Film processing chemical development

A

Developer > Fixer > Wash > Dry

30
Q

Periapical film

A

includes entire tooth from apex to crown

31
Q

Bite-wing film

A

used to examine interproximal surfaces and bone level

32
Q

Occlusal film

A

covers a large area of the maxilla or mandible, the pt. occludes on the entire film

33
Q

Screen film type

A

uses intensifying screens on both sides; extraoral film

34
Q

Non-screen film type

A

exposed directly to x-rays; not used in dentistry because of long exposure

35
Q

F-speed film

A

currently recommended because it’s faster, 60% of exposure of D-speed

36
Q

To produce high quality diagnostic dental radiographs, dental x-ray film MUST BE:

A

Properly exposed and processed

37
Q

Reductin

A

halide portion of the exposed, energized silver halide crystal is removed; selective reduction - only energized, exposed reduced to black metallic silver

38
Q

Film processing steps

A

a. Development
b. Rinsing
c. Fixation
d. Washing
e. Dryin

39
Q

Developer solution contains 4 basic ingredients

A
  1. developing agent (hydroquinone, elon)
  2. preservative (sodium sulfite)
  3. accelerator (sodium carbonate)
  4. restrainer (potassium bromide)
40
Q

Fixer solution contains 4 basic ingredients

A
  1. fixing agent (sodium thiosulfate, ammonium thiosulfate
  2. preservative (sodium sulfite)
  3. hardening agent (potassium alum
  4. acidifier (acetic acid, sulfuric acid
41
Q

Keep x-rays in cool and dry place

A

50-70 degrees and 30-50% humidity

42
Q

Underdeveloped film appears:

A

light

43
Q

Overdeveloped film appears:

A

dark

44
Q

Reticulation of emulsion appears:

A

cracked

45
Q

Developers spots

A

dark spots on film

46
Q

Fixer spots

A

white spots on film

47
Q

Yellow-brown stains from:

A

expired developer or fixer

48
Q

Developer cut-off appears:

A

straight white border on film

49
Q

Fixer cut-off appears:

A

straight black border on film

50
Q

Overlapped films

A

white or dark areas on film

51
Q

Air bubbles

A

white spots on film

52
Q

Fingernail artifact

A

black, crescent shaped marks on film

53
Q

Fingerprint artifact

A

black fingerprint on film

54
Q

Static electricity

A

thin, black branching lines on film

55
Q

Scratched film

A

white lines on film

56
Q

Light leak

A

exposed area appears black

57
Q

Fogged film

A

appears gray and lacks image detail or contrast

58
Q

Completely clear?

A

never exposed, left film in fixer too long

59
Q

Unexposed film

A

clear

60
Q

Film exposed to light

A

black

61
Q

Overexposed film

A

dark film

62
Q

Underexposed film

A

light film

63
Q

Film placement problems

A

film doesn’t extend 1/8 inch beyond incisal or occlusal; apices do not appear on film; dropped film corner

64
Q

Angulation problems

A

horizontal angulation; vertical angulation

65
Q

PID alignment problems

A

cone-cut

66
Q

Technique errors

A

film placement problems; angulation problems; PID alignment problems

67
Q

Misc technique errors

A

Film bending; film creasing; phalangioma (finger x-ray on film from pt holding on wrong side); double exposure; movement; reversed film

Dental Radiography (14 decks)

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