DENT 1050 Test study; ch. 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 25, 26

Question 1

How do you check the quality of the developer?

Answer 1

The best way to check the strength of the developer, is to compare film densities to a standard:

• Reference Radiograph: one that is processed under ideal conditions & used to compare densities to daily radiographs
• View reference radiograph and the daily radiographs side by side

Question 2

What do films look like in regards to developer solution?

Answer 2

*If the density of the daily radiograph appears lighter the developer solution is either weak or cold. If the density appears darker the developer solution is either too concentrated or too warm

Question 3

What tests are involved in regards to developer solution?

Answer 3

• Stepwedge Radiographs: expose 20 films w/stepwedge on top of them, use one standard and store 19, each day expose one of 19 after chemicals replenished, view by the one standard - unmatched means developer solution is depleted
• Normalizing device: commercial monitoring device

Question 4

Patient records

Answer 4

The dentist ‘owns’ the radiographs and should keep them indefinitely; patient can access and copies should be forwarded directly to dentist

Question 5

Malpractice

Answer 5

negligence, same standard of care, statute of limitations

*statute: time period that a patient may bring a malpractice action against a dentist/auxiliary; may be years down the road, often when patient sees another DDS

Question 6

Informed/uniformed consent

Answer 6

*prior to receiving treatment, patient should be made aware of various aspects of treatment, as well as effects of receiving no treatment and must give their consent

• Lack of informed consent:
• complete lack
• no legal right to give it (minor or incompetent)
• under influence of alcohol or drugs
• misrepresented info, fraud
• under duress
• incomplete disclosure

Question 7

Liability

Answer 7

dental auxiliaries are legally liable for their own actions, but the supervising dentist is also liable

Question 8

Sterilization

Answer 8

Destroys ALL pathogens

Question 9

Define disinfection

Answer 9

Inhibits or destroys pathogens

Question 10

Instruments that are critical and noncritical in regards to disinfection.

Answer 10

Critical: used to penetrate soft tissue or bone
Semi-critical: contact but do not penetrate
Noncritical: do not come in contact w/mucous membranes

Critical:sterilize
Semi:sterilize (ie film holding devices)
Non:low level infection techniques, LYSOL SPRAY

Question 11

Digital x-rays

Answer 11

Pixel is digital equivalent of a silver halide crystal; more pixels -> higher resolution, sharper image

Question 12

Focal; Field of view

Answer 12

area that can be captured when performing imaging procedures; cone-shaped or fan-shaped; small, medium and large; area of interest in the patient’s anatomy

Question 13

Parallel technique

Answer 13

extension cone paralleling (XCP); film parallel to long axis of tooth, central ray perp to film and tooth, film holder must be used, film away from tooth and toward midline, increased obj-to-film distance to stay parallel; “Dot in the slot”

Question 14

Advantages of parallel technique.

Answer 14

little to no dimensional distortion, accuracy, simplicity, duplication (easy to standardize), less exposure to thyroid gland, pt position not critical w/holders

Question 15

Disadvantages of parallel technique.

Answer 15

film placement (esp children and small mouth or shallow palates), patient discomfort

Question 16

What is parallel technique used for?

Answer 16

to have image correct on film; accuracy: the image is representative of the actual tooth

Question 17

What causes magnification during parallel technique?

Answer 17

increased obj-to-film distance results in image magnification and loss of definition;

increased target-to-film distance results in less image magnification and increased definition

Question 18

Misc question 1

Answer 18

although dentist ‘owns’ originals, patient may request copies of radiographs or view them upon request (forward directly to dentist)

Question 19

Self-determination

Answer 19

patient has the legal right to make choices about their treatment

Question 20

Disclosure

Answer 20

the process of informing the patient of all aspects to treatment

Question 21

Ownership/retention

Answer 21

The dentist ‘owns’ the radiographs and should keep them indefinitely; patient can access and copies should be forwarded directly to dentist

Question 22

Negative (-)

Answer 22

when the PID is positioned below the occlusal plane and the central ray is directed upward

Question 23

Molar bitewing

Answer 23

center second molar

Question 24

Premolar bitewing

Answer 24

center second premolar

Question 25

Digital subtraction

Answer 25

reversing the gray-scale, making what was radiolucent radiopaque and vice versa

Question 26

Digitize

Answer 26

to convert and image into digital form so a computer can process it

Question 27

Sensor

Answer 27

the detector that captures the radiation/light to form the image (like film)

Question 28

Radiation exposure

Answer 28

The typical sensor is more sensitive to x-rays than conventional film and requires 50-80% (almost 90%) less radiation exposure than F-speed film

Question 29

Computer

Answer 29

serves as processor, storage unit and view box of digital films

Question 30

Types of digital imaging

Answer 30

Direct digital imaging: used in clinic
Indirect digital imaging: existing x-ray digitized
Storage phosphor imaging: wireless system

Question 31

DICOM data

Answer 31

universal format for handling, storing, transferring
3D images.
acronym: Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine

Question 32

Voxel

Answer 32

smallest element of a three-dimensional image; also referred to as volume element or three-dimensional pixel