TEST REVIEW - THOUGHTS AND PRAYERS Flashcards
TC AIM RAC 2.8.1 > Class A Airspace
Class A airspace is designated where an operational need exists to exclude VFR aircraft.
All operations must be conducted under Instrument Flight Rules and are subject to ATC clearances and instructions. ATC separation is provided to all aircraft.
All aircraft operating in Class A airspace must be equipped with a transponder and automatic pressure altitude reporting equipment, including ADS-B,
Lines of latitude are always the same distance.
One minute of latitude = 1 nautical mile
one degree = 60 nautical miles (68.707 statute miles)
60 seconds = 1 minute
60 minutes = 1 degree
There are two common ways to record latitude and longitude:
Degrees, minutes, and seconds
Degrees and decimal degrees
Methods of Recording a Latitude and Longitude Position
Degrees/minutes/seconds
Decimal Degrees
Hybrid
MATS ACC > Separation > Separation from Special-Use Airspace > Canadian Class F Airspace
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Do not apply separation between an aircraft and Class F airspace or a Canadian Military Operations Area (MOA) if one of the following applies:
- The aircraft is operating in an ALTRV.
- The pilot states having obtained permission from the user agency to enter the airspace.
- The user agency releases the airspace to the controlling agency
- The pilot has been cleared for a contact or visual approach.
The DAH states the times that Class F airspace is active. A user agency may release an area in part or in total when not in use to a controlling agency. In such cases, ATC may advise the aircraft that the airspace is inactive and issue a clearance. Such provisions for release should be contained in an agreement between the user and controlling agency. Areas released use assume the same airspace classification as the surrounding airspace
ADVISORY CODES
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P – parachuting
A– acrobatic
S – soaring
T – training
F – aircraft test
H – hang gliding
M – military operations
Danger and restricted areas may see the following types of activity:
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- Drug patrol
- Intercept operations
- Live firing
- Fisheries patrol
- Naval activity
- High speed military exercises
MATS ACC > ATS Surveillance > ATS Surveillance Equipment > Situation Display > Altitude Filters
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Select altitude filters that include, as a minimum, the following limits:
- The altitudes normally within the jurisdiction of your sector
- The first usable altitude in any vertically adjoining airspace under the jurisdiction of another controller, plus 200 feet beyond that altitude
- If the boundary between vertically adjoined sectors is in RVSM airspace, 2,000 feet plus 200 feet
MATS ACC > ATS Surveillance > ATS Surveillance Equipment > Situation Display
Display and monitor:
- Altitude readouts (mode C)
- Appropriate geographic map
- CJSs
- Coast list in a full format showing all pertinent information (to enable prompt detection of newly de-linked aircraft)
- Current weather data and history, as necessary, for the provision of severe weather information[3]
- VMI
- Unlinked targets[1]
- Other features of the system may be used at your discretion.
MATS ACC > Service Fundamentals > Unit Fundamentals > Publications
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Comply with:
- Directives
- Information Bulletins
- Director Approval Letters (DAL)
- Unit procedures (They may supplement, but not contradict, procedures in this manual.)
- Memorandums
- Information Circulars (AIC)
- Agreements
- Arrangements
- Other items, as required
MATS ACC > Traffic Management > Communication and Coordination > Flight Data Coordination > IFR Unit to IFR Unit
Forward the following to an IFR unit or sector:
- Revisions to previously passed data
- Control estimate time revisions of 3 minutes or more
MATS ACC > Traffic Management > Clearances and Instructions > Issuing and Relaying > Correcting a Clearance or Instruction
Identify and correct any errors made during delivery of a clearance or instruction.
If there is any possibility of misunderstanding, cancel and restate the clearance in full.
MATS ACC > Glossary
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RECIPROCAL TRACK
In the application of separation, a term used to indicate tracks that converge or diverge at an angle of 136° to 180° inclusive
MATS ACC > Glossary
CROSSING TRACK
In the application of separation, a term used to indicate tracks that converge or diverge at an angle of 45° to 135° inclusive
MATS ACC > Glossary
SAME TRACK
In the application of separation, expression used by ATC to indicate identical tracks or tracks that converge or diverge at an angle of 1° to 44° inclusive.
MATS ACC > Traffic Management > Communication and Coordination
> Flight Data Coordination > IFR Unit to IFR Unit > Verbal Coordination
Where a functioning CAATS data link provides control estimates, coordinate the following data verbally:
- Loss of RVSM certification due to an equipment failure in flight
- Status of a non–RVSM aircraft authorized to operate in RVSM airspace
- Identification of an altitude as wrong way
- Identification of block altitudes
- Identification of altitude readouts that are invalid or not validated
- Identification of cruise climb altitudes
- Automatic altitude reporting turned off
- Aircraft transponder unserviceable, malfunctioning, set to standby, or turned off
- The separation minima being applied in procedural airspace if less than 10 minutes longitudinal
- Aircraft operating within an altitude reservation or engaged in an aerial survey mapping flight, or test flight
- Aircraft engaged in a formation flight
MATS ACC > ATS Surveillance > Identification > Identification Methods
You may use any of the following methods to identify an aircraft:
- Identification by Handoff or Point-Out
- Appropriate PPS Changes
- Flight Identification in ADS-B Data Tag
- Aircraft Position and Movements on Situational Display
- Data Tag ACID in Adjacent Airspace
MATS ACC > ATS Surveillance > Identification > Identification Methods
Identification by Handoff or Point-Out
You may consider the aircraft identified after a handoff or point-out.
MATS ACC > ATS Surveillance > Identification > Identification Methods
Appropriate PPS Changes
You may consider the aircraft identified when you observe an appropriate change in the PPS in any of the following situations:
- After the pilot is instructed to operate the aircraft’s transponder Ident feature
- After the pilot is instructed to change to a transponder code that results in linkage, or that subsequently displays the data tag
- After the pilot is instructed to change the transponder to “standby” In this situation, the PPS disappears or changes to a PSR symbol. When the pilot is requested to return the transponder to normal operation, the PPS reappears or changes to an SSR symbol. Take enough time to
determine that the change is a result of the pilot’s action.
MATS ACC > ATS Surveillance > Identification > Identification Methods
Flight Identification in ADS‑B Data Tag
You may consider the aircraft identified when the flight identification element in an ADS-B data tag is recognized and is consistent with the aircraft’s expected position.
MATS ACC > ATS Surveillance > Identification > Identification Methods
Aircraft Position and Movements on Situational Display
You may consider the aircraft identified when you observe the aircraft on the situational display and one of the following conditions applies:
- The aircraft’s position is both:
◦ Within one mile of the departure end of the take‑off runway
◦ Consistent with the time of takeoff and the route of flight or assigned heading of the aircraft - The aircraft’s position over a fix or an OMNI and DME NAVAID is consistent with a position report received directly from the pilot, and the following apply:
◦ The aircraft’s track is consistent with the route of flight or reported heading of the aircraft.
◦ The position of the fix or the OMNI and DME NAVAID is accurately indicated on the situation display. - The aircraft’s position relative to a fix or an OMNI and DME NAVAID is consistent with a position report received directly from the pilot in the form of a DME or GPS report, and the following apply:
◦ The aircraft’s track is consistent with the route of flight or reported heading of the aircraft.
◦ The position of the fix or the OMNI and DME NAVAID is accurately indicated on the situation display. - The aircraft carries out a specified identifying turn of at least 30°, and the following apply:
◦ Except in the case of a lost aircraft, a position report received directly from the aircraft indicates that the aircraft is within ATS surveillance coverage of the area being displayed.
◦ Only one aircraft is observed to have carried out the specified turn.
◦ The track is observed to be consistent with the heading or track of the aircraft both before and after completion of the turn.
MATS ACC > ATS Surveillance > Identification
After aircraft identification is established using an identification method…
… inform the pilot.
MATS ACC > ATS Surveillance > Identification > Identification Doubtful or Lost
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If identification becomes doubtful or is lost, immediately do either of the following:
- Identify or re-identify the aircraft using the same technique more than once or use more than one of the techniques provided in Identification Methods.
- Terminate ATS surveillance service and apply procedural separation.
When identification is lost, inform the pilot.
MATS ACC > ATS Surveillance > Identification > Identification
Doubtful or Lost
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Identification may be be doubtful due to:
- The position or movement of other aircraft
- The observation of more than 1 aircraft responding to an identification procedure
- Temporary loss of the PPS
- Coasting of PPS
- Merging of PPS
- Ambiguous PPS
- Display Clutter
- Other Circumstances
MATS ACC > ATS Surveillance > Identification > Identification Doubtful or Lost
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Consider identification to be lost if a linked PPS ceases to be displayed after “CST” is displayed in its data tag, unless either of the following applies:
- You are able to maintain identification of an unlinked PPS being displayed for the aircraft.
- The PPS re-links within a sufficiently short period such that, considering the progress of the aircraft, you have no doubt about its identity.
MATS ACC > ATS Surveillance > Identification > Point-Outs > Originating Controller
Use a point out to obtain approval from another controller before permitting an identified aircraft to enter or infringe on that controller’s airspace when control and radio communication will not be transferred and either of the following situations applies:
- An aircraft will or may enter airspace that is under the jurisdiction of another controller.
- An aircraft will operate in the protected buffer zone dividing sector/unit boundaries as described in ATS Surveillance Separation From an ATS Surveillance Boundary.
MATS ACC > Separation > ATS Surveillance Separation > ATS Surveillance Separation From an ATS Surveillance Boundary
Unless you coordinate separation with the controller concerned,
Separate an ATS surveillance-controlled aircraft from the boundary of adjoining ATS surveillance airspace.
If an adjacent sector applies a larger ATS surveillance minimum than your sector, apply additional separation from the sector boundary to ensure that aircraft are separated by at least the ATS surveillance separation minimum applied in that sector.
If both adjoining sectors apply the 3‑mile separation standard, maintain a 1.5‑mile separation minimum from the common sector boundary.
If either adjoining sector applies a 5‑mile separation standard, maintain a 2.5‑mile separation minimum from the common sector boundary.
If either adjoining sector applies a 10-mile separation standard, maintain a 5-mile separation minimum from the common sector boundary.
MATS ACC > ATS Surveillance > Identification > Handoffs > Transferring Controller
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Complete a handoff before the aircraft passes any of the following:
- The sector or unit boundary
- A designated control transfer point
- Any handoff point defined in an arrangement or agreement
MATS ACC > ATS Surveillance > Identification > Handoffs > Transferring Controller
Do an automated handoff, unless either of the following applies:
- You are handing off an unlinked PPS.
- A system malfunction or deficiency makes it unfeasible.
MATS ACC > Traffic Management > Communication and Coordination > Control Transfer > Responsibilities of Transferring Controller
Transfer control of an IFR or CVFR aircraft to an adjacent sector or unit as follows:
- So that control transfer occurs at the time of crossing the control area boundary as estimated by the sector or unit relinquishing control
- At a specified time
- When the aircraft is at specified altitude, fix, or location.
MATS ACC > ATS Surveillance > Identification > Handoffs > Transferring Controller > Verbal Handoff
If unable to do an automated handoff, transfer identification using one of the following methods:
- Inform the receiving sector or unit of:
◦ The position of the PPS relative to a point common to both situation displays or to a previously transferred aircraft that is identified
◦ The aircraft identification or ADS-B Flight ID or, if unlinked, the SSR code
◦ Other control information, if required - Provide a secure sequence of arriving aircraft as specified in an arrangement.
◦ When transferring to an FSS, the predetermined sequence is in relation to a fix as specified in the arrangement.
◦ When transferring to a tower, the predetermined sequence is in relation to a control transfer point within the control zone. - Physically point to the PPS on the situation display of the receiving controller.
MATS ACC > ATS Surveillance > Identification > Handoffs >
Transferring Controller > Transfer of Identification without a Handoff
You may omit verbal handoffs between sectors or units, provided:
- The procedures are defined in an arrangement.
- The overlap area and FDBs are displayed at all times.
- Prior to communication transfer, you inform the receiving controller if the
aircraft:
◦ Is unidentified
◦ Has been assigned a cruise climb
◦ Is operating at a wrong-way altitude
◦ Does not have a valid altitude readout
◦ Is operating at an altitude different from that specified in an arrangement
◦ Is a non-RVSM aircraft operating in RVSM airspace - Prior to communication transfer, you inform the receiving controller of other pertinent information.
MATS ACC > Traffic Management > Enroute Operations > Altitude> Altitude Instructions > RVSM
Do not clear a non-RVSM aircraft to enter RVSM airspace unless the aircraft is any of the following:
- Conducting a flight check of a NAVAID
- On an initial delivery flight
- An aircraft that was formerly RVSM-certified but has experienced an equipment failure and is being flown to a maintenance facility for repair/recertification
- Conducting a monitoring/certification or developmental flight
- A photographic survey aircraft
- A state aircraft
- A mercy or humanitarian flight
MATS ACC > Traffic Management > Enroute Operations > Altitude > Altitude Instructions > RVSM
Provided a non-RVSM aircraft will be separated from other aircraft by the applicable vertical, lateral, or longitudinal separation minimum, you may do either of the following:
- Clear the aircraft to climb or descend through RVSM airspace.
- Level-off the aircraft in RVSM airspace for traffic management
MATS ACC > Traffic Management > Clearances and Instructions > Amending Clearances or Instructions
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If a pilot requests a flight plan change:
- Approve the change and include the exact nature of the change in the clearance.
- If you are unable to approve the change, provide the following to the pilot:
◦ The reason for non-approval
◦ If appropriate, a suggested alternative
MATS ACC > Traffic Management > Clearances and Instructions > Amending Clearances or Instructions > Amending a Route
You may amend the route provided in a previous clearance by doing one of the following:
- State the route amendment and, if applicable, that the rest of the route is unchanged.
- Issue the entire route.
MATS ACC > Traffic Management > Enroute Operations > Altitude > Altitude Instructions > Wrong-Way Altitude Assignment
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You may assign an altitude inappropriate to the direction of flight in the following situations:
- An aircraft is doing any of the following:
◦ Operating on a polar route
◦ Engaged in an aerial survey, mapping flight, or test flight
◦ Transitioning to or from oceanic airspace within 200 miles along the aircraft track from the oceanic entry or exit point
◦ Conducting a flight check of a NAVAID
◦ Holding
◦ Operating within an altitude reservation
◦ Arriving
◦ Departing
Adherence
0.01 mach/10 knots
If it is necessary to make an immediate
temporary change in the Mach number (e.g. because of turbulence), ATC shall be notified as soon as possible that such a change has been made.
If it is not possible to maintain the last assigned Mach number during enroute climbs and descents because of aircraft performance, pilots shall advise ATC at the time of the climb/descent request.
Terminav
Flight Profile
Trajectory or its graphic representation, followed by an aircraft in flight and defined by its altitude, speed, distance flown and manoeuvre
Flight Profile build?
In the ACC environment, profiling begins as soon as the aircraft state changes to airborne at which time the aircraft becomes a concern for the IFR controller.
DIRECT ROUTINGS
Advantages
- Avoid known weather situations
- Reduced fuel burn due to shorter distance flown
- Take advantage of aircraft navigational capability
- Conflict resolution (other aircraft or reserved airspace such as CYR496)
- Providing better service
MATS ACC > Traffic Management > Clearances and Instructions > Amending Clearances or Instructions > Amending a Route
You may amend the route provided in a previous clearance by doing one of the following:
- State the route amendment and, if applicable, that the rest of the route is unchanged.
- Issue the entire route.
CAATS
The flight profile is based on:
- filed flight-planned altitude
- true air speed and route
- wind information (from Atmospheric Environment Services AES)
- The manufacturer’s Aircraft Performance Model.
Considerations for Direct Routing
- uncontrolled airspace
- minimum altitudes
- downstream effects
- restricted airspace
- effects on adjoining sectors
MATS ACC > ATS Surveillance > Vectoring > Vectoring Termination
You may terminate vectoring of an aircraft, provided any of the following apply to the aircraft:
- It is cleared for an approach.
- It is cleared to hold.
- It is established on a cleared route without requiring navigation assistance
MATS ACC > ATS Surveillance > Vectoring > Vectoring Termination
Inform the pilot of:
Inform the pilot of:
* Termination of vectoring, except when the aircraft has been cleared for an approach
* Position of the aircraft when vectoring is terminated, unless you know the pilot has the information.
MATS ACC > ATS Surveillance > Vectoring > Vectoring Termination
When an aircraft has been vectored off its cleared route…
clear the aircraft to the next waypoint or fix on its route of flight, or vector the aircraft back to a point on its original route.
MATS ACC > ATS Surveillance > Vectoring > Vectoring for the Approach > Vectoring to Intercept the Final Approach Course
Vector an aircraft to intercept the final approach course..
- At an angle of 30° or less
- 2 miles or more from the point at which final descent will begin
MATS ACC > Separation > Separation Basics
If the type of separation or the minimum used to separate aircraft cannot be
maintained…
… take action to ensure that another type of separation exists, or another minimum is established, before the current separation becomes insufficient.
MATS ACC > Glossary
ATS SURVEILLANCE SERVICE
A term used to indicate a service provided directly by means of an ATS surveillance system.
MATS ACC > Glossary
ATS SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
- A generic term meaning variously, ADS-B, PSR, SSR or any comparable ground-based system that enables the identification of aircraft
A comparable ground-based system is one that has been demonstrated, by comparative assessment or other methodology, to have a level of safety and performance equal to or better than monopulse SSR.
MATS ACC > Glossary
ATS SURVEILLANCE
All methods of remotely sensing aircraft using certified/commissioned electronic equipment including PSR, SSR, MLAT, ADS-B, without the benefit of visual observation.
MATS ACC > Glossary
ATS SURVEILLANCE CONTROL SERVICE
An air traffic control service provided with information derived from ATS surveillance equipment sources
ex: turning an aircraft 20 degrees to gain separation between it and another aircraft.
MATS ACC > Glossary
ATS SURVEILLANCE SEPARATION
Spacing of aircraft in accordance with established minima, based on information derived from ATS surveillance
ex: Maintaining 1000 feet vertical separation between co-located PPSs, until 5 miles between the centres of the PPSs is achieved.
MATS ACC > Glossary
ATS SURVEILLANCE ADVISORY
Advice and information based on ATS surveillance observations.
ex: giving advice to an aircraft about weather observed on the situation display (if so equipped).
MATS ACC > Glossary
ATS SURVEILLANCE MONITORING
The use of ATS surveillance for providing aircraft with information and advice relative to significant deviations from their normal flight path.
ex: you notice an aircraft off course, you query the aircraft, and assist it back on course
Terminav
NAVIGATIONAL ASSISTANCE
The provision of position information, vectors, or track and ground speed checks
MATS ACC > Service Fundamentals > ATS Surveillance Service
You may apply ATS surveillance control procedures, provided:
- The aircraft is identified
- The aircraft is in controlled airspace, except as described in Vectoring into Class G Airspace.
- You are in direct communication with the pilot, unless
◦ The aircraft has been cleared for an approach.
◦ You have transferred communication to the tower. - You are satisfied that the displayed ATS surveillance information is adequate.
MATS ACC > Separation > Separation Basics
To ensure an expeditious flow of traffic…
… operate as closely to the prescribed
minimum as circumstances permit. If exceptional circumstances call for extra caution, apply greater separation than the specified minimum.[1]
MATS ACC > ATS Surveillance > Vectoring > Vectoring into Class G Airspace
You may vector an aircraft into Class G airspace if …
…you inform the pilot and obtain the pilot’s approval.
MATS ACC > ATS Surveillance > ATS Surveillance Equipment > Situation Display
Display and monitor:
- Altitude readouts (mode C)
- Appropriate geographic map
- CJSs
- Coast list in a full format showing all pertinent information (to enable prompt detection of newly de-linked aircraft)
- Current weather data and history, as necessary, for the provision of severe
weather information[3] - VMI
- Unlinked targets[1]
- Other features of the system may be used at your discretion.
ALPHA TAG
- WAKE TURBULENCE
- ACID
- SFI
- ALTTITUDE READOUT
- VMI
- GROUND SPEED
BRAVO TAG
- CJS
- ALTITUDE
- VMI
If the Mach number cannot be adhered to…
…ATC is to be so informed when the clearance is issued.
Once accepted, the Mach number shall be adhered to within .01 Mach, unless ATC approval is obtained to make a change. If an immediate temporary change in Mach number is necessary (e.g. because of turbulence), ATC must be notified as soon as possible.
ATC is to be notified as soon as practicable of an intended change to the TAS at the cruising altitude or flight level, where the change intended is five percent or more of the TAS specified in the IFR flight plan or flight itinerary.
When a Mach number is included in a clearance, the flight concerned should transmit its current Mach number …
with each position report.
MATS ACC > Glossary
REDUCED VERTICAL SEPARATION MINIMUM (RVSM)
The application of 1000 ft vertical separation between RVSM aircraft in RVSM airspace
Martin ACC EXCDS User Guide 1.7
Leave active FDEs in a “cocked” position if any one of the following conditions exists:
- Flight data and control information requiring relay to adjacent sectors/units or aircraft;
- Traffic estimates requiring integration into a sector;
- Estimates (pilot or controller) requiring verification;
- Other potential situations requiring investigation or further action.
Martin ACC EXCDS User Guide 1.9
Do not remove an FDE from EXCDS until all appropriate action for that FDE has been executed and one of the following conditions has been met:
- For aircraft in ATS surveillance coverage:
◦ You observe that the aircraft has passed the fix posting and is clear of all possible conflicts at that posting.
◦ You have observed the aircraft leave your area of responsibility.
◦ All conflict resolution has been resolved and an electronic hand-off has been accomplished indicating successful transfer of control. - A subsequent position report has been received or the aircraft has been observed passing a subsequent fix posting.
- The aircraft has been estimated to have passed the first fix outside your area of responsibility.
- The aircraft has been estimated to have crossed the control boundary by the appropriate longitudinal minimum.
- The unit accepting control has indicated that the aircraft is within its area of responsibility.
- Control of the aircraft has been transferred to the tower.
- The aircraft has cancelled or closed its IFR flight plan or itinerary and any subsequent traffic information has been issued.
Martin ACC EXCDS User Guide 1.10
Scan EXCDS by performing the following actions:
- Scan each bay individually rather than looking over the entire board;
- In each bay, check altitude boxes to verify vertical separation;
- If more than one aircraft is at the same altitude, check FDEs to ensure some other form of IFR separation exists;
- Follow individual flights through the sector, checking for conflicting,
converging or crossing track situations, consistency in altitude and estimate data, and for correct posting; - Insert missing data;
- Update FDEs as required;
- “Cock” any FDE that requires further action;
- Ensure FDEs are arranged in the appropriate order;
- Ensure that estimates which should be passed are passed in accordance with MATS
- Ensure that no further action is required.
MATS ACC > Appendix: Professional Standards > Functional Goal
#1
In the provision of air traffic control and flight information service, all Air Traffic
Services units must provide:
* Uniform application of approved standards and procedures
* Professional communications
* Full–time attentive flight monitoring and flight information services
