Test questions Flashcards
Consider the hierarchical organization of life as discussed in the text. Which of these lists is in correct order from smallest (least inclusive) to largest (most inclusive)? (not all levels are included)
a) cell, organism, organelle, molecule, community, population
b) molecule, organism, cell, organelle, population, community
c) organelle, molecule, organism, cell, community, population
d) molecule, organelle, cell, organism, population, community
D
Which of these statements is true?
a) Natural selection causes evolution
b) Evolution is a process that causes natural selection
c) Evolution is a hypothesis, not a theory
A
How many of these three bolded statements are false about our Blackboard Connect Homework Assignments?
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2
Which of these are most likely the first and second steps, respectively, of the scientific method?
a) data analysis, publication
b) publication, becoming rich and famous
c) doing an experiment, data analysis
d) observation, asking a question
D
The events DNA mRNA protein are a summary of the biological theory called a) the Central Dogma b) the Cell Theory c) Evolution d) Ecology
A
The study of interactions between organisms, and between organisms and their environment is called _______________.
a) mutation
b) covalent bonding
c) evolution
d) ecology
e) coordination
D
Covalent bonds and ionic bonds have equal strength.
a) True
b) False
B
If a molecule contains sodium, its molecular formula will include the symbol
a) S
b) So
c) Na
d) N
C
_________ are positive in charge.
a) neutrons
b) electrons
c) protons
d) all of the above
C
An atom has 12 protons. Another atom has 13 protons. Therefore they are isotopes of each other.
a) True
b) False
B
The bonds within a water molecule are _________ bonds.
a) ionic
b) hydrogen
c) polar covalent
d) matonic
C
Water shows surface tension. This is because
a) water molecules are polar
b) there is salt in the water
c) water has a low heat of vaporization
d) all of the above
A
If a molecule gains an electron, it has been
a) promoted
b) amplified
c) oxidized
d) reduced
D
Because R-COOH tends to release a/n ________ in aqueous solution, it is a/n ______________.
a) H+, acid
b) H+, base
c) OH-, acid
d) OH-, base
A
Consider the pH scale. A pH of _______ is neutral.
a) 0
b) 7
c) 50
d) 100
B
On this graph showing enzyme activity at different pH’s, the vertical axis should be labeled ______________. The horizontal axis should be labeled ________________.
a) pH, time
b) pH, temperature
c) enzyme activity, time
d) pH, enzyme activity
e) enzyme activity, pH
E
Of the following, which is the least common element in organic molecules?
a) C
b) O
c) H
d) N
D
In hydrolysis
a) monomers are put together to form polymers
b) energy is released
c) a) and b) are true
d) a) and b) are false
B
Glycogen and amylose are both
a) starches
b) cellulose
c) monosaccharides
d) disaccharides
A
Which of these molecules is a building block for other types of lipids? (Not much of this molecule as such is found in organisms.)
a) phospholipids
b) steroids
c) fat molecules
d) fatty acids
D
Which of these statements is false about lipids?
a) Lipids are water insoluble
b) Lipids include steroids
c) One kind of lipid is diagrammed as
d) All lipids function as energy storage molecules
D
The building blocks of proteins are
a) ATP
b) amino acids
c) nucleotides
d) waxes
B
The coiling of an amino acid chain into an α helix is defined as the ____________ structure of a protein.
a) quaternary
b) tertiary
c) secondary
d) primary
C
A nucleotide is made of ______ parts.
a) two
b) three
c) four
d) five
B
Which of these is true about both DNA and RNA?
a) They both contain the sugar deoxyribose
b) They both are always double-stranded
c) They both are nucleic acids
d) All of the above are true
C
The “T” in ATP stands for
a) turn
b) trans
c) temporary
d) tri
D
Which of these is not true of the Cell Theory?
a) Cells arise spontaneously.
b) All living things are made of cells.
c) Cells come from the division of other cells.
d) Hereditary information is in cells
A
Which of these terms is associated with a nucleus?
a) pores through the surrounding membranes
b) chromatin
c) both a) and b)
d) neither a) nor b)
C
A scientist examines a cell and determines that it contains a cell wall, ribosomes, and a nucleoid. The scientist
a) now knows that the cell is prokaryotic
b) now knows that the cell is eukaryotic
c) does not know if the cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic
A
1 m = ____ nm
a) 10^ 6
b) 10^ -6
c) 10^ 9
d) 10^ -9
e) 10^ 3
C
Imagine a cell that is 7 μm in diameter. It is ______ mm in diameter.
a) 7 x 10^3
b) 7 x 10^-3
c) 7 x 10^6
d) 7 x 10^-6
B
A ribosome is about 23 nm in diameter. It can be distinguished from (resolved) by a
a) good electron microscope
b) good light microscope
c) both a) and b)
A
If a cell contains a lot of smooth ER, it is specialized to synthesize
a) protein
b) lipids and carbohydrates
c) both of the above
B
Molecules from the rough ER come to a Golgi body in __________, are modified, and leave in __________.
a) mitochondria, mitochondria
b) chloroplasts, chloroplasts
c) the nucleus, the nucleus
d) vesicles, vesicles
D
Think about lysosomes. If someone has a lysosomal storage disease, then
a) no ATP is made
b) the cell membrane is missing
c) no sugar is made
d) some compound accumulates because it is not broken down
D
Vesicles include
a) lysosomes
b) microbodies
c) both a) and b)
d) neither a) nor b)
C
Which of these statements is false about chloroplasts?
a) Both animals and plants contain chloroplasts
b) Chloroplasts contain some DNA
c) Sugar is made in chloroplasts
d) Chloroplasts contain thylakoids
A
_____________ are the site of cellular aerobic respiration.
a) Chloroplasts
b) Central vacuoles
c) Mitochondria
d) Contractile vacuoles
C
If a plant cell is specialized for water retention, its cell wall will contain more
a) lignin
b) lipids
c) DNA
d) carbohydrates
B
Which of these is false about central vacuoles?
a) They can store ions and pigments
b) Their content is mostly water
c) They help with support
d) They are found in animal cells
D
Imagine that you could add a chemical to a cell that destroys the protein tubulin. Which one of these processes would still occur?
a) chromosome movement in cell division
b) cilia and flagellar movement
c) muscle cell contraction
d) cell plate formation in plant cell division
C
Tight junctions are found between ______ cells, and serve __________.
a) animal, to prevent leakage between cells
b) plant, to prevent leakage between cells
c) animal, in communication
d) plant, in communication
A
Cell membranes are made of approximately
a) 30% lipid, 43% protein, and 50% DNA
b) 50% lipid and 50% protein
c) 65% protein and 35% carbohydrate
d) 15% protein and 85% lipid
B
The Fluid Mosaic Model refers to the structure of
a) flagella
b) DNA
c) membranes
d) ice
C
direct diffusion osmosis ion channel diffusion facilitated diffusion active transport How many of these membrane transport processes are active (that is, do need ATP)? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5
A
direct diffusion osmosis ion channel diffusion facilitated diffusion active transport How many of these membrane transport processes require a protein carrier? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5
B
Which one of these membrane transport processes is how O2 and CO2 get through cell membranes?
a) direct diffusion
b) osmosis
c) ion channel diffusion
d) facilitated diffusion
e) active transport
A
Exocytosis
a) is the same as endocytosis
b) occurs only in chloroplasts
c) both a) and b) are true
d) neither a) nor b) is true
D
Light energy is a “______” of energy, and its “state” is said to be ___________.
a) form, potential
b) form, kinetic
c) junction, potential
d) junction, kinetic
B
Anabolic reactions
a) are breakdown reactions
b) release energy
c) both a) and b) are true
d) neither a) nor b) is true
D
A way to state the ____________ is that in all reactions, entropy increases.
a) Endosymbiont Theory
b) Second Law of Thermodynamics
c) First Law of Thermodynamics
d) Fluid Mosaic Model
B
In the equation ∆G = ∆H - T∆S, change in entropy is symbolized as
a) ∆S
b) ∆H
c) T
d) ∆G
A
The breakdown of ATP to ADP and phosphate is an _________ reaction, and can be ___________ to a reaction requiring energy, allowing the latter to happen.
a) exergonic, doubled
b) exergonic, coupled
c) endergonic, doubled
d) endergonic, coupled
B
An endergonic reaction requiring 18 kcal/mole
a) will occur spontaneously
b) will need 18 ATP molecules/mole to occur
c) will need 1 ATP molecules/mole to occur
d) none of the above are true
D
How many of the following four bolded statements are true about enzymes?
End-product inhibition can help control enzymes.
The control site of an enzyme is called its active site.
NADH is a coenzyme.
All enzymes are free (unattached) and single in the cytoplasm.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
B
Photosynthesis on land accounts for about _______ of the total photosynthesis on earth.
a) 90%
b) 50%
c) 20%
d) 10%
B
Complete this overall equation for photosynthesis in the presence of light.
6 CO2 + ________ C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + __________
a) 12 H2O, 6 O2
b) 32 H2O, 3 NADPH
c) 6 O2, 32 ATP
d) 32 ADP and 32 P, 32 ATP
A
Which of these is the smallest?
a) chloroplast
b) stroma
c) thylakoid sac
d) granum
C
_____________ and ________________ are famous for their early work on photosynthesis.
a) Priestly, Ingenhousz
b) Krebs, Calvin
c) Blackman, Krebs
A
How many of these bolded items are false about chlorophyll? There is only one type of chlorophyll Chlorophyll absorbs green light Chlorophyll a is an accessory pigment a) 1 b) 2 c) 3
C
Consider an absorption spectrum for chlorophyll c. The horizontal axis should be labeled ________________ and the vertical axis should be labeled _______________.
a) rate of photosynthesis, wavelength
b) wavelength, absorption
c) time, wavelength
d) absorption, time
B
Consider this sentence: Van Niel used the terms H2A and 2A in his hypothesized equation for photosynthesis to refer to a specific element A.
Which of the underlined items is incorrect?
a) H2A and 2A
b) hypothesized
c) photosynthesis
d) specific element A
D
Which of these is the smallest?
a) the antenna complex
b) a photosystem
c) thylakoid sac
d) a reaction center
D
Photosystems are located in
a) thylakoid membranes
b) the inner chloroplast membrane
c) the outer chloroplast membrane
d) the stroma
A
Electrons travel through the ______ diagram of photosynthesis.
a) L
b) P
c) D
d) Z
D
Of the following, which is the last to happen in the Light-Dependent Reactions of photosynthesis?
a) Photosystem I
b) Photosystem II
c) NADPH is made
d) Water is split
e) Oxygen is made
C
ATP and NADPH are produced by the Light-Independent Reactions, and used by the Light Dependent Reactions.
a) True
b) False
B
Rubisco
a) is an efficient enzyme
b) is found in mitochondria
c) both a) and b) are true
d) neither a) nor b) is true
D
If a chloroplast could not do the Light-Independent Reactions, the immediate result would be no
a) sugar
b) ATP
c) DNA
A
C3 and C4 plants both
a) have high photorespiration values
b) have both the C3 and C4 enzyme systems
c) both a) and b) are true
d) neither a) nor b) is true
D
An example of a CAM plant is
a) corn
b) crabgrass
c) a cactus
d) none of these are CAM plants
C
The immediate function of cellular aerobic respiration is
a) to make sugar
b) to make nucleotides
c) to make ATP
d) to make DNA
C
In Anaerobic Respiration, _______ are taken up by an inorganic compound.
a) low energy electrons
b) water molecules
c) high energy electrons
d) CO2
A
How many of these seven terms are incorrect in this overall formula for cellular aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 32ATP + 32 P → 6CO2 + 6H2O + 32 ADP
a) 0
b) 2
c) 4
d) 6
B
Cellular Aerobic Respiration includes only anabolic reactions.
a) True
b) False
B
Which of these terms does not apply to mitochondria?
a) inner and outer membranes
b) cristae
c) thylakoids
d) inner matrix
C
