TEST: Prescr Meds (Other meds)

Question 1

Theophylline (theodur): drug class

Answer 1

Bronchodilator/xanthine, asthma med

Question 2

Theophylline (theodur): brand names

Answer 2

(theo-dur, aquaphyllin, aerolate, asmalix, theovent –many others)

Question 3

Theophylline (theodur): electrolytes

Answer 3

Potassium and magnesium excretion may increase so monitor plasma electrolytes and supplement if indicated

Question 4

Theophylline (theodur): vit

Answer 4

• Vitamin B-6 status may decline, 10 mg/day pyridoxine HCL sup sufficient to prevent decline
• May help decrease CNS side effects like tremors

Question 5

Theophylline (theodur): herb

Answer 5

St. John’s Wort significantly decreased theophylline levels in blood in an asthmatic woman.

Question 6

Methotrexate (Folex): class & names

Answer 6

Methotrexate (amethopterin, folex, rheumatrex)

Question 7

Methotrexate (Folex): use

Answer 7

• Antineoplastic
• Immunosuppressant
• Tx of cancer, psoriasis, RA, mycosis fungoides
• Folate antagonist which inhibits DNA synthesis/cell reproduction

Question 8

Methotrexate (Folex): fluid

Answer 8

•Hyperuricemia may occur so encourage a high fluid intake (2+ Liters/day) to decrease risk of kidney stones. Avoid acid ash foods.

Question 9

Methotrexate: Folate interaction

Answer 9

• may cause folate deficiency.
• if taken for chemo, don’t take folate as high folate intake decreases med’s effectiveness.

•If taken for other disorders, folate supp may be used prophylactically and do not decrease med’s effect.

Question 10

Methotrexate (Folex): herb

Answer 10

Echinacea may increase risk of hepatic damage

Question 11

Mesalamine (Asacol): class & names

Answer 11

Sulfasalazine

Mesalamine (Asacol, Pentasa, Rowasa, Lialda)

Question 12

Mesalamine (Asacol): use

Answer 12

• Management of inflammatory bowel diseases and RA
• Colonic anti-inflammatory action due to alterations in prostaglandin synthesis

Question 13

esomeprazole (Nexium): class & use

Answer 13

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI’s): [all end in -prazole]

• Antiulcer
• Treat heartburn or GERD

Question 14

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI’s): B-12

Answer 14

May cause a decrease in vitamin B-12 (in food but not supplements) absorption

Question 15

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI’s): electrolytes

Answer 15

•May increase risk of hypomagnesemia
•decrease in stomach acidity may also result in decreased iron, calcium, magnesium, and thiamin absorption

Question 16

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI’s): vit D

Answer 16

• May decrease activation of vitamin D
• Increased risk of osteoporosis

Question 17

Allopurinol (lopurin, zyloprim): type & use

Answer 17

Allopurinol

• Antigout agent
• Management of gouty arthritis, nephropathy, and secondary hyperuricemia
• Xanthine oxidase inhibitor which decreases uric acid production from purines

Question 18

Allopurinol (lopurin, zyloprim): vit C

Answer 18

Maintain a fluid intake of 3000 mL per day and avoid vit C supps to decrease risk or developing xanthine kidney stones.

Avoid having an acid urine-alkaline ash diet may be recommended.

Question 19

Allopurinol (lopurin, zyloprim): diet rec

Answer 19

Avoid a high protein or purine intake. Low protein may cause high slower drug excretion.

Question 20

Allopurinol (lopurin, zyloprim): iron

Answer 20

In animals, iron supplements cause iron deposits in the liver so avoid them if possible

Question 21

Cyclosporine (neoral, sandimmune): use

Answer 21

• Immunosuppressant
• Treatment and/or prevention of renal, cardiac, hepatic, and other transplant rejections
• Severe nonresponsive UC
• Inhibits interleukin-2

Question 22

Cyclosporine (neoral, sandimmune): hyper/hypo

Answer 22

•hypomagnesemia and hyperkalemia.
•hyperlipidemia, ↑BG, and hyperuricemia.

Question 23

Cyclosporine (neoral, sandimmune): do not

Answer 23

Do not take with grapefruit as it may cause great variation in serum cyclosporine levels which are potentially hazardous

Question 24

Cyclosporine (neoral, sandimmune): O-3

Answer 24

•Omega 3 fatty acids may decrease cyclosporine related hypertension and renal damage.

Question 25

Cyclosporine (neoral, sandimmune): vit E

Answer 25

Water soluble vitamin E increases med’s absorption

Question 26

Cyclosporine (neoral, sandimmune): herbs

Answer 26

•Milk thistle may help decrease nephrotoxicity associated w/cyclosporine.
•St. John’s wort may decrease blood levels of cyclosporine which increases risk of transplant rejection.
•Echinacea may alter immune fcn and could counteract the med’s effect.

Question 27

Metformin (glucophage): type and use

Answer 27

Metformin

• Oral hypoglycemic for type 2 diabetes
• Potentiates the effect of insulin
• May decrease glucose absorption

Question 28

Metformin (glucophage): implications

Answer 28

May decrease absorption of folate and vitamin B-12 causing anemia

Question 29

Metformin (glucophage): avoid

Answer 29

avoid alcohol as it increases risk of potentially fatal lactic acidosis

Question 30

Bortezomib (Velcade®): use

Answer 30

chemotherapy med for multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma

Question 31

Bortezomib (Velcade®): green tea

Answer 31

• Components in green tea inhibit Bortezomib’s action on tumor cells and prevent tumor cell death.
• _Pts should not drink green tea while on treatment.
• Do not drink green tea for the entire treatment period not just on the days you have received the medication_.

Question 32

Orlistat (Xenical), Alli: use

Answer 32

•Weight loss medication
•Lipase inhibitors
•Decreases fat digestion

Question 33

Orlistat (Xenical), Alli: implication

Answer 33

Increases urinary oxalate excretion which has a theoretical risk of kidney stones so keep fluid intake at 2 L/day.

Question 34

Orlistat (Xenical), Alli: fat sol vits

Answer 34

Causes decreased absorption of vitamins A,D,E, & K and likely carotenoids.

take a multivitamin daily 2 hours before or after the drug.

Question 35

Orlistat (Xenical), Alli: fat rec

Answer 35

Distribute fat intake among three main meals and do not exceed 30% kcals as fat