Hyper/Hypo Flashcards
hyperkalemia s/s
Muscle weakness Muscular irritability (early) Cramps or flaccid paralysis (late) N&V, Confusion Arrhythmias Ventricular fibrillation or asystole Heart block Cardiac arrest
Digitalis causes
Hypercalcemia
Hypomagnesaemia
Hypokalemia
(which can precipitate a toxic reaction w/AN, N&V, cramps, arrhythmias, paresthesia, confusion)
Hypokalemia increases risk of
Digitalis toxicity
Herbs that cause K loss w/digitalis glycosides
Aloe latex Drug aloe Buckthorn bark & berry Cassava sagrada bark Sienna leaf
licorice + digitalis =
Na & water retention, hypertension, hypokalemia
ACE inhibitors: potassium
decreases K excretion, causes hyperkalemia. monitor K levels, avoid high K foods, K sup, and salt substitutes.
digoxin increase secretion of
calcium, magnesium, zinc
ACE inhibitors + pomegranate juice =
hypotension
ACE Inhibitor (captopril)
long term use may cause zinc depletion
hypoalbuminemia + warfarin =
increase action of warfarin & risk of bleeding
CHF pt, Lasix: thiamin
in pts w/CHF, Lasix increases thiamin excretion & depletion which worsens heart fcn. rec thiamin sup.
Lasix: sodium
Lasix reduces kidney’s ability to reabsorb Na, more gets excreted
Lasix: electrolytes
enhanced sodium, chloride, calcium, potassium, magnesium, and water excretion
beta blockers: K
hyperkalemia
beta blockers: implications
hyperlipidemia.
hyperglycemia or mask signs of hypoglycemia.
K sparing diuretics: K
hyperkalemia (risk is increased in DM, renal failure, elderly, ACE inhibitors). avoid sups, salt subst, high K intake.
hyperaldosteronism Tx
Spironolactone (aldactone) (K sparing diuretic).
K wasting diuretics: monitor
serum electrolytes & water. increased excretion of water, sodium, chloride, potassium, magnesium
K wasting diuretics: Na
careful w/hyponatremia and dehydration in heat or sweating exercise
hypokalemia is less likely in pts w/
renal failure, taking K sparing diuretic, or ACE inhibitors
hyperkalemia is more likely in pts who are
elderly, diabetic, renal failure, or taking ACE inhibitors
adjunctive therapy for hypercalcemia
glucocorticoids (all end in -sone, -solone) {antibiotic}
increased side effects from glucocorticoids at
high dosages and in pts w/hypoalbuminemia
Glucocorticoids: hyper/hypos
- Hypocalcemia and osteomalacia due to anti vitamin D activity. Recommend Ca supp
- Protein catabolism
- Hyperlipidemia
- Hyperphagia & weight gain
- Hyperglycemia
Fluoroquinolones {antibiotic}: minerals
Reduced absorption of both the med and minerals: calcium, magnesium, iron, and aluminum that will form chelates with fluoroquinolones
Theophylline {bronchodilator/xanthine asthma med}
increase excretion of potassium & magnesium
Methotrexate (Folex): folate
folate antagonist, may cause folate def.
hyperuricemia
due to methotrexate. rec high fluid intake to prevent kidney stones.
PPI’s: B-12
decrease absorption of food sources of B-12, but not supplement sources.
PPI’s: reduced stomach acidity
decreased absorption in: magnesium, calcium, iron, thiamin. risk of hypomagnesemia
PPI’s: vit D
decrease vit D activation, risk of osteoporosis
cyclosplorine {immunosuppressant}: electrolytes
hypomagnesemia
hyperkalemia
cyclosplorine {immunosuppressant}: may cause
hyperlipidemia
↑BG
hyperuricemia
Cyclosporine (neoral, sandimmune): hyper/hypo
- hypomagnesemia and hyperkalemia.
* hyperlipidemia, ↑BG, and hyperuricemia.
Antacids may decrease absorption of
phosphorus, iron, thiamin, vit A
PPI’s & Hist blockers may
decrease absorption of vit B-12
lower stomach acid may
decrease absorption of calcium, magnesium, iron
