test prep assignment 5

Question 1

Glands that release hormones into the blood are part of the

Answer 1

Endocrine system

Question 2

Hormones produced from cholesterol are called

Answer 2

steroid hormones

Question 3

Hormone like substances produced by nearly all cells are called

Answer 3

prostaglandins (local hormones)

Question 4

Hormones that help regulate blood calcium levels are produced by the

Answer 4

parathyroid gland

Question 5

The rate of metabolism is regulated by

Answer 5

thyroxine

Question 6

The principal male sex hormone is

Answer 6

testosterone

Question 7

Another name for fertilized egg is a

Answer 7

zygote

Question 8

Fertilization usually occurs in the

Answer 8

fallopian tube

Question 9

After the eighth week of development, the human embryo is known as a(an)

Answer 9

fetus

Question 10

What is the relationship between a hormone and a target cell? Use a specific example to explain your answer.

Answer 10

Hormones are chemicals and target cells have receptors for particular hormones. Hormones are like a key and target cells are like a lock, they have a lock and key relationship

Question 11

What are prostaglandins?

Answer 11

They are modified fatty acids that are produced by a wide range of cells. They usually only affect only nearby cells and tissues, this gives them the name “local hormones.”

Question 12

What are the two hormones that stimulate the gonads to produce their hormones?

Answer 12

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH).

Question 13

Any change, other than an injury, that disrupts the normal functions of a person’s body is a

Answer 13

Disease

Question 14

Disease-causing agents such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi are known as

Answer 14

pathogens

Question 15

The germ theory of disease was established by

Answer 15

Koch

Question 16

The body’s most important nonspecific defense against pathogens is

Answer 16

skin

Question 17

A nonspecific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection is known as

Answer 17

inflammatory response

Question 18

The swelling and pain associated with inflammation are caused by the

Answer 18

expansion of blood vessels

Question 19

A protein that helps other cells resist viral infection is

Answer 19

histamine

Question 20

A substance that triggers an immune response is a(an)

Answer 20

antigen

Question 21

Mast cells release chemicals known as

Answer 21

histamines

Question 22

What purpose do Koch’s postulates serve?

Answer 22

• Pathogens should always be found in the body of a sick organism and should not be found in a healthy one.
• The pathogen must be isolated and grown in a laboratory in a pure culture.
• When the cultured pathogens are places in a new host they should cause the same disease that infected the original host.
• The injected pathogen should be isolated from the second host. It should be identical to the original pathogen.

Question 23

List the five types of pathogens that are responsible for the spread of infectious disease. Give an example of disease that each specific pathogen may cause.

Answer 23

• Viruses – example – common cold, can get it from school
• Bacteria – example – anthrax, bioterrorism
• Protists – example – Mosquito - Malaria
• Worms – example – tapeworms in food
• Fungi – example – tinea it can affect the scalp making it rough, scaly patches known as ringworm

Question 24

What are vectors?

Answer 24

Vectors are when animals that carry pathogens from person to person. Example is West Nile virus.