test prep assignment 2

Question 1

3. Briefly describe and differentiate between the following types of transport processes: Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis, phagocytosis and exocytosis.

Answer 1

• Simple diffusion – movement from an area of high concentration to low concentration. It doesn’t require the cell to use energy.
• Facilitated diffusion – movement of specific molecules across the cell membranes through protein channels.
• Active transport – energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference.
• Pinocytosis – “cell drinking” process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment.
• Receptor-mediated endocytosis – special receptors embedded in the membrane pick up specific materials and bring them into the cell.
• Phagocytosis – “cell eating” process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell.
• Exocytosis – process by which a cell releases large amounts of material.

Question 2

5. Define prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Discuss the similarities and differences between these basic types of cells, and give examples of each type of cell from the living world.

Answer 2

Prokaryotic – simpler cellular organization with no nucleus or other membrane organelles. An example is bacteria.
Eukaryotic – is a complex cellular organization with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. Examples are plants, animals, fungi and protists.
Similarities for both the animal and plant cell with the prokaryotic cell are they all have flagellum, DNA, ribosomes and a plasma membrane. With only the prokaryotic and plant similarity they both have a cell wall.
Eukaryotic cell are generally larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic reproduce asexually and eukaryotic reproduce sexually

Question 3

What raw materials are needed for cellular respiration?

a. glucose and CO2
b. glucose and O2
c. CO2 and O2
d. O2 and lactic acid
e. CO2 and H2O

Answer 3

B. Glucose and Oxygen

Question 4

What happens during the Krebs cycle?

a. H ions and O2 form H2O
b. cell releases a small amount of energy through fermentation
c. each glucose molecule is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid
d. H ions buildup on one side of the mitochondrion membrane
e. pyruvic acid is broken down into CO2 in a series of reactions

Answer 4

E

Question 5

Which substance is needed to begin the process of glycolysis?

Answer 5

ATP

Question 6

In eukaryotic cells, most of the cellular respiration takes place in the

Answer 6

Mitochondria

Question 7

What substance produced by alcoholic fermentation makes bread dough rise?

Answer 7

CO2

Question 8

The human body can use all of the following as energy sources except

a. ATP in muscles
b. glycolysis
c. lactic acid fermentation
d. alcoholic fermentation
e. cellular respiration

Answer 8

d. alcoholic fermentation

Question 9

Which of the following best represent5s the waste products of cellular respiration?

a. CO2
b. H2O
c. O2
d. CO2 & H2O
e. CO2 and O2

Answer 9

d. CO2 & H2O