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Introduction to Computer Science > Test One Review > Flashcards

Test One Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the top secret rosies film

A

The film depicted the first programmers (women during WW2) who did ballistics calculations. The film also showed the creation of the ENIAC

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2
Q

How was the ENIAC programmed

A

The ENIAC was programmed by setting switches and inserting patch cables to route data and control signal between various functional units

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3
Q

What time period is Muhammad ibn Must al-Khwarizmi associated with

A

820s

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4
Q

Why is Muhammad ibn Must al-Khwarizmi remembered

A

Discovered and wrote a book on Algorithms/Algebra

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5
Q

What time period is John Napier associated with

A

1614

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6
Q

Why is John Napier remembered

A

Invented logarithms as a way to simplify difficult mathematical computations

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7
Q

What time period is the first slide rule associated with

A

1622

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8
Q

What time period is Blaise Pascal associated with

A

1642

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9
Q

Why is Blaise Pascal remembered

A

Pascal designed and built a mechanical calculator named the Pascaline

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10
Q

What time period is Gottfried Leibnitz associated with

A

1673

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11
Q

Why is Gottfried Leibnitz remembered

A

Constructed a mechanical calculator called Leibnitz’s Wheel

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12
Q

What time period is considered the 0th generation of computing

A

1800-1950

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13
Q

What is the 0th generation of computing known for

A

Mechanical Computing

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14
Q

What time period is Joseph Jacquard associated with

A

1801

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15
Q

Why is Joseph Jacquard remembered

A

Designed an automated loom that used punched cards to create patterns

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16
Q

What time period is the Luddites associated with

A

1801

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17
Q

Why are Luddites important

A

Originally opposed to the new manufacturing technology introduced by the Jacquard Loom

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18
Q

What time period is Charles Babbage associated with

A

1823

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19
Q

Why is Charles Babbage remembered

A

Made plans for a Difference Engine to solve math problems and Analytical Machine which was designed

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20
Q

What time period is Ada Lovelace associated with

A

1823

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21
Q

Why is Ada Lovelace remembered

A

Wrote programs for Charles Babbage’s digital programmable computer.

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22
Q

What time period is Herman Hollerith associated with

A

1880

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23
Q

Why is Herman Hollerith Remembered

A

Designed and built programmable card-processing machines to read, tally, and sort data on punched cards for the U.S. Census Bureau and founded IBM

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24
Q

What time period is David Hilbert associated with

A

1900

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25
Q

Why is David Hilbert remembered

A

Came up with the set of the problems that once solved would ultimately be the end of math.

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26
Q

What time period is Kurt Gödel associated with

A

1928

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27
Q

Why is Kurt Gödel remembered

A

Was the first one to poke holes in the theories of David Hilbert. He shook the foundations of mathematics.

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28
Q

What time period is Alan Turing associated with

A

1936

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29
Q

Why is Alan Turing remembered

A

Created the Turing machine which was an early model of computation. Known as the father of computer science.

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30
Q

What time period is Alonzo Church associated with

A

1930s

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31
Q

Why is Alonzo Church remembered

A

Came up with a different version of a model of computation. He came up with Lambda calculus and ultimately was Alan Turing’s mentor.

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32
Q

What time period was the Colossus associated with

A

1943

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33
Q

Why is the Colossus remembered

A

General-purpose computer built by Alan Turing for the British Enigma project

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34
Q

What time period was the Mark 1 associated with

A

1944

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35
Q

Why is the Mark 1 remembered

A

Electromechanical computer used a mix of relays, magnets, and gears to process and store data

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36
Q

What time period were the Rosies associated with

A

1946

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37
Q

Why are the Rosies remembered

A

First programmers (women during WW2) who did ballistics calculations using the ENIAC

38
Q

What time period is the ENIAC associated with

A

1946

39
Q

Why is the ENIAC remembered

A

First publicly known fully electronic computer

40
Q

What time period is John Von Neumann associated with

A

1949

41
Q

Why is John Von Neumann

A

Proposed a radically different computer design based on a model called the stored program computer

42
Q

What time period is the U of Pennsylvania and Neumann associated with

A

1949

43
Q

Why is the U of Pennsylvania and Neumann remembered

A

Built one of the first stored program computers, called EDVAC,

44
Q

What time period is the 1st Gen of Computing associated with

A

1950-1957

45
Q

Why is the 1st Generation of Computing remembered

A

First commercial computers, Eniac, Vacuum Tubes, Symbolic Programming Languages, Punched Card I/O, Binary Arithmetic

46
Q

What time period is the UNIVAC 1 associated with

A

1951

47
Q

Why is the UNIVAC 1 remembered

A

A version of EDVAC, the first commercially sold computer

48
Q

What time period is the 2nd Generation of Computing associated with

A

1957-1965

49
Q

Why is the 2nd generation of computing remembered

A

Transistors and core memories, fist disks for mass storage, size reduction, increased reliability, lower costs, first higher level programming languages (FORTRAN/COBOL/LISP)

50
Q

What time period is John Backus associated with

A

1957

51
Q

Why is John Backus remembered

A

Directed the team that invented and implemented FORTRAN (Formula translation)

52
Q

What time period is John McCarthy associated with

A

1958

53
Q

Why is John McCarthy remembered

A

Developed the LISP programming language

54
Q

What time period is Sir Tony Hoare associated with

A

1959

55
Q

Why is Sir Tony Hoare remembered

A

Developed a quick sorting algorithm and numerous other things.
Developed the Null Reference

56
Q

What time period is Grace Hopper associated with

A

1960

57
Q

Why is Grace Hopper remembered

A

Wrote the first compiler, her discoveries led to COBOL, Lead the COBOL team and worked on UNIVAC 1

58
Q

What time period is the 3rd generation of computing associated with

A

1965-1975

59
Q

Why is the 3rd generation of computing remembered

A

Integrated Circuits, further reduction in size and cost, increased reliability, first minicomputers, time-shared OSs, appearenced of the software industry, first set of computing standards for compatibility between systems, languages: C

60
Q

What time period is Edsger Dijkstra associated with

A

1965

61
Q

Why is Dijkstra remembered

A

Data structures, concurrency

Developed structured programming, shortest distance

62
Q

What time period is Noam Chomsky associated with

A

1968

63
Q

Why is Noam Chomsky remembered

A

Known as the father of modern linguistics. He helped to process the COBOL and FORTRAN languages.
Chomsky hierarchy, related to theoretical computer science. Was not in the CS Field

64
Q

What time period is the 4th generation of computing associated with

A

1975-1985

65
Q

Why is the 4th generation of computing remembered

A

MIcrochips, first microcomputers, large scale and very large scale integrated circuits, growth of new types of software and of the software industry, computer networks, GUIs, languages: PROLOG

66
Q

What time period is the 5th generation of computing associated with

A

1985-now

67
Q

Why is the 5th generation of computing remembered

A

Ultra large scale integrated curcuits and massively paralleled processors, supercomputers, laptops, tablets, smartphones, handheled wireless devices, mobile computing, massive external data storage devices, ubiquitos computing, high resolution graphics, visualization, VR, Worldwide networks and cloud computing, multimedia user interfaces, widespread use of digitized sound, images and movies. Languages: every other popular language

68
Q

What time period is the 6th generation of computing associated with

A

1985-now

69
Q

What programming languages are associated with the 1st generation of computing

A

Symbolic Programming Languages

70
Q

What programming languages are associated with the 2nd generation of computing

A

First higher level programming languages such as FORTRAN, COBOL and LISP

71
Q

What programming languages are associated with the 3rd generation of computing

A

C

72
Q

What programming languages are associated with the 4th generation of computing

A

PROLOG

73
Q

What programming languages are associated with the 5th generation of computing

A

EVERY OTHER POSSIBLE PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

74
Q

What is the formal definition of an algorithm

A

A well ordered collection of unambiguous and effectively computable operations that when executed produces a result and halts in a finite amount of time

75
Q

What does well ordered mean

A

When you finish one step, you know which one to do next (NOT SEQUENTIAL OR CONSECUTIVE)

76
Q

What does unambiguous mean

A

You know exactly what they’re asking of you… well defined

77
Q

What is a computing agent

A

The person or thing that is carrying out the algorithm

78
Q

What does effectively computable mean

A

doable

79
Q

What does executed mean

A

Carried out

80
Q

Why is it important that an algorithm produces a result

A

or else there is no point to the algorithm

81
Q

Why is it important that an algorithm produces a result in a finite amount of time

A

So that the program will eventually produce results and not continue forever

82
Q

Is something like a thermostat that is running forever, an algorithm?

A

No, it needs to be finite. It’s a program, which has an algorithm running within it.

83
Q

What was the benefit to using GUI

A

It is easier to use than the command line interface

84
Q

What is a WIMP(relation to GUI)

A

WINDOWS
ICONS
MENUS
POINTERS

85
Q

What is a good way to approach solving problems in computer science?

A

Break problems into smaller problems that would be more simple to solve (top down approach).

86
Q

What is a top-down approach

A

“A top-down approach (also known as stepwise design) is essentially the breaking down of a system to gain insight into the sub-systems that make it up. In a top-down approach an overview of the system is formulated, specifying but not detailing any first-level subsystems.”

87
Q

What is a pre-test

A

A pre-test conditional statement checks the continuation condition BEFORE executing the body of the conditional. A pre-test is also called a ZERO OR MORE TIMES test.

88
Q

What is a post test

A

A post-test conditional statement executes the body of the conditional BEFORE testing the continuation condition. A post-test is also called a ONE OR MORE TIMES test.

89
Q

What is a continuation condition

A

Boolean expression whether the body should be executed (whether the loop should continue or not).

90
Q

What are the three primitive operations used to create an algorithm on the test

A

Get values for
Set variable to
Print

91
Q

What was the name of the technique Kim from TASK showed us

A

The pomodoro technique (5 mins break to 20 mins study etc)

Introduction to Computer Science (7 decks)

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