Test One Review Flashcards
Describe the top secret rosies film
The film depicted the first programmers (women during WW2) who did ballistics calculations. The film also showed the creation of the ENIAC
How was the ENIAC programmed
The ENIAC was programmed by setting switches and inserting patch cables to route data and control signal between various functional units
What time period is Muhammad ibn Must al-Khwarizmi associated with
820s
Why is Muhammad ibn Must al-Khwarizmi remembered
Discovered and wrote a book on Algorithms/Algebra
What time period is John Napier associated with
1614
Why is John Napier remembered
Invented logarithms as a way to simplify difficult mathematical computations
What time period is the first slide rule associated with
1622
What time period is Blaise Pascal associated with
1642
Why is Blaise Pascal remembered
Pascal designed and built a mechanical calculator named the Pascaline
What time period is Gottfried Leibnitz associated with
1673
Why is Gottfried Leibnitz remembered
Constructed a mechanical calculator called Leibnitz’s Wheel
What time period is considered the 0th generation of computing
1800-1950
What is the 0th generation of computing known for
Mechanical Computing
What time period is Joseph Jacquard associated with
1801
Why is Joseph Jacquard remembered
Designed an automated loom that used punched cards to create patterns
What time period is the Luddites associated with
1801
Why are Luddites important
Originally opposed to the new manufacturing technology introduced by the Jacquard Loom
What time period is Charles Babbage associated with
1823
Why is Charles Babbage remembered
Made plans for a Difference Engine to solve math problems and Analytical Machine which was designed
What time period is Ada Lovelace associated with
1823
Why is Ada Lovelace remembered
Wrote programs for Charles Babbage’s digital programmable computer.
What time period is Herman Hollerith associated with
1880
Why is Herman Hollerith Remembered
Designed and built programmable card-processing machines to read, tally, and sort data on punched cards for the U.S. Census Bureau and founded IBM
What time period is David Hilbert associated with
1900
Why is David Hilbert remembered
Came up with the set of the problems that once solved would ultimately be the end of math.
What time period is Kurt Gödel associated with
1928
Why is Kurt Gödel remembered
Was the first one to poke holes in the theories of David Hilbert. He shook the foundations of mathematics.
What time period is Alan Turing associated with
1936
Why is Alan Turing remembered
Created the Turing machine which was an early model of computation. Known as the father of computer science.
What time period is Alonzo Church associated with
1930s
Why is Alonzo Church remembered
Came up with a different version of a model of computation. He came up with Lambda calculus and ultimately was Alan Turing’s mentor.
What time period was the Colossus associated with
1943
Why is the Colossus remembered
General-purpose computer built by Alan Turing for the British Enigma project
What time period was the Mark 1 associated with
1944
Why is the Mark 1 remembered
Electromechanical computer used a mix of relays, magnets, and gears to process and store data
What time period were the Rosies associated with
1946
Why are the Rosies remembered
First programmers (women during WW2) who did ballistics calculations using the ENIAC
What time period is the ENIAC associated with
1946
Why is the ENIAC remembered
First publicly known fully electronic computer
What time period is John Von Neumann associated with
1949
Why is John Von Neumann
Proposed a radically different computer design based on a model called the stored program computer
What time period is the U of Pennsylvania and Neumann associated with
1949
Why is the U of Pennsylvania and Neumann remembered
Built one of the first stored program computers, called EDVAC,
What time period is the 1st Gen of Computing associated with
1950-1957
Why is the 1st Generation of Computing remembered
First commercial computers, Eniac, Vacuum Tubes, Symbolic Programming Languages, Punched Card I/O, Binary Arithmetic
What time period is the UNIVAC 1 associated with
1951
Why is the UNIVAC 1 remembered
A version of EDVAC, the first commercially sold computer
What time period is the 2nd Generation of Computing associated with
1957-1965
Why is the 2nd generation of computing remembered
Transistors and core memories, fist disks for mass storage, size reduction, increased reliability, lower costs, first higher level programming languages (FORTRAN/COBOL/LISP)
What time period is John Backus associated with
1957
Why is John Backus remembered
Directed the team that invented and implemented FORTRAN (Formula translation)
What time period is John McCarthy associated with
1958
Why is John McCarthy remembered
Developed the LISP programming language
What time period is Sir Tony Hoare associated with
1959
Why is Sir Tony Hoare remembered
Developed a quick sorting algorithm and numerous other things.
Developed the Null Reference
What time period is Grace Hopper associated with
1960
Why is Grace Hopper remembered
Wrote the first compiler, her discoveries led to COBOL, Lead the COBOL team and worked on UNIVAC 1
What time period is the 3rd generation of computing associated with
1965-1975
Why is the 3rd generation of computing remembered
Integrated Circuits, further reduction in size and cost, increased reliability, first minicomputers, time-shared OSs, appearenced of the software industry, first set of computing standards for compatibility between systems, languages: C
What time period is Edsger Dijkstra associated with
1965
Why is Dijkstra remembered
Data structures, concurrency
Developed structured programming, shortest distance
What time period is Noam Chomsky associated with
1968
Why is Noam Chomsky remembered
Known as the father of modern linguistics. He helped to process the COBOL and FORTRAN languages.
Chomsky hierarchy, related to theoretical computer science. Was not in the CS Field
What time period is the 4th generation of computing associated with
1975-1985
Why is the 4th generation of computing remembered
MIcrochips, first microcomputers, large scale and very large scale integrated circuits, growth of new types of software and of the software industry, computer networks, GUIs, languages: PROLOG
What time period is the 5th generation of computing associated with
1985-now
Why is the 5th generation of computing remembered
Ultra large scale integrated curcuits and massively paralleled processors, supercomputers, laptops, tablets, smartphones, handheled wireless devices, mobile computing, massive external data storage devices, ubiquitos computing, high resolution graphics, visualization, VR, Worldwide networks and cloud computing, multimedia user interfaces, widespread use of digitized sound, images and movies. Languages: every other popular language
What time period is the 6th generation of computing associated with
1985-now
What programming languages are associated with the 1st generation of computing
Symbolic Programming Languages
What programming languages are associated with the 2nd generation of computing
First higher level programming languages such as FORTRAN, COBOL and LISP
What programming languages are associated with the 3rd generation of computing
C
What programming languages are associated with the 4th generation of computing
PROLOG
What programming languages are associated with the 5th generation of computing
EVERY OTHER POSSIBLE PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
What is the formal definition of an algorithm
A well ordered collection of unambiguous and effectively computable operations that when executed produces a result and halts in a finite amount of time
What does well ordered mean
When you finish one step, you know which one to do next (NOT SEQUENTIAL OR CONSECUTIVE)
What does unambiguous mean
You know exactly what they’re asking of you… well defined
What is a computing agent
The person or thing that is carrying out the algorithm
What does effectively computable mean
doable
What does executed mean
Carried out
Why is it important that an algorithm produces a result
or else there is no point to the algorithm
Why is it important that an algorithm produces a result in a finite amount of time
So that the program will eventually produce results and not continue forever
Is something like a thermostat that is running forever, an algorithm?
No, it needs to be finite. It’s a program, which has an algorithm running within it.
What was the benefit to using GUI
It is easier to use than the command line interface
What is a WIMP(relation to GUI)
WINDOWS
ICONS
MENUS
POINTERS
What is a good way to approach solving problems in computer science?
Break problems into smaller problems that would be more simple to solve (top down approach).
What is a top-down approach
“A top-down approach (also known as stepwise design) is essentially the breaking down of a system to gain insight into the sub-systems that make it up. In a top-down approach an overview of the system is formulated, specifying but not detailing any first-level subsystems.”
What is a pre-test
A pre-test conditional statement checks the continuation condition BEFORE executing the body of the conditional. A pre-test is also called a ZERO OR MORE TIMES test.
What is a post test
A post-test conditional statement executes the body of the conditional BEFORE testing the continuation condition. A post-test is also called a ONE OR MORE TIMES test.
What is a continuation condition
Boolean expression whether the body should be executed (whether the loop should continue or not).
What are the three primitive operations used to create an algorithm on the test
Get values for
Set variable to
Print
What was the name of the technique Kim from TASK showed us
The pomodoro technique (5 mins break to 20 mins study etc)
