Chapter 14 Flashcards
How does the world wide web allow businesses to communicate with customers
Advertising Follow-Up Sales Sales to consumers Sales to other businesses Non-Sales Transactions (statements and bill pay)
What is ecommerce?
business conducted with the Internet and via the web including sales, advertising, and bill pay options
Is setting up an ecommerce site difficult?
Setting up an organization for ecommerce can be as intensive as setting up a physical store front.
What are some business problems that could be solved with an ecommerce site?
Broadening the customer base
Recapturing customers lost to online competitors
Serving existing customers better
Integrating departments of existing business
What are some of the risks of moving online in ecommerce
Same customers moving from in-store to online
Facing new competition online
Existing customers don’t need/want online store
Employee concerns
What are some of the costs of moving online using ecommerce
Computer equipment and infrastructure
Hiring personnel to manage the website
Legal expertise required to protect your intellectual property, regulations online, and customer privacy
What are some of the decisions that need to be made in terms of ecommerce
Design website in-house or hire an ASP (Application Service Provider)
Buy or lease equipment
Use existing software or have custom software written
Give a general overview of how an order is placed (and what your responsibilities are in that cycle as the website owner) starting from the point of the customer discovering your site to the point of sale
Customer learns of your site and goes there
Identify return customers and personalize the site
Provide a secure environment for making purchase
Process the payment
Communicate with accounting and credit company
How do you fulfill orders?
Update inventory
Contact shipping system and shipping company
Arrange pick up and delivery to customer
What are the 9 steps to a typical online transaction
- Customer goes on Internet to your website
- Customer logs into a database management system
- Customer goes into the online order entry system
- Customer goes into the accounting system
- Credit card is verified
- Inventory is checked to make sure there is enough stock
- Customer goes into the shipping system
- Item goes from the shipping system to the shipper
- Item goes from the shipper to the customer
What are some ways that customers learn about your site?
- Conventional print advertising with URL
- An obvious domain name (home page URL)
- Search engine results (sponsored link)
- Presence on a portal (website about a topic) with links to retail, wholesale, and informational websites
What is a domain name?
home page URL
What corporation registers domain names?
ICANN
What does ICANN stand for
Internet corporation for assigned names and numbers
What is a portal?
A website about a topic
What are two efficient ways to identify return customers and personalize the site for them?
- Require the user to register and log in
* Leave a cookie on the users computer
Why should we require the user of an ecommerce site to register and log in
To connect to the database with the user’s past history on the site
What is a cookie
A cookie is a small text file containing information about the user.
Why do we leave cookies on a user’s computer
To allow continuity between one page of a site and another
How do we provide a secure environment for making a purchase
Encryption and Authentication
What is the role of encryption in ecommerce
ensure sensitive information is encrypted for transmission
What is the role of authentication in ecommerce
verify that your website is legitimate
What are two payment processing options
1: Process payment while the customer waits
2: Record order and payment info and complete transaction offline and then email customer the confirmation
Explain payment processing option 1: while the customer waits
- Online form communicates with accounting software
- Accounting system verifies customer credit
- Customer can correct bad information
- No need to keep credit card numbers
Explain payment processing option 2: Offline payment processing
- Record the order and payment information
- Verify and complete the transaction offline
- Send email confirmation to the customer
What are the three steps to order fulfillment once the customer has placed an order
- Communication with online inventory
- Arrange for Shipping
- Arrange Pick-up at the warehouse and delivery to the customer
What are some overall website design principals
- Attractive with new products displayed
- Good design principles
- Organize for natural shopping habits
- Make it easy to navigate
- Provide site map or navigation bar
- No more than four clicks from one page to another
- Encourage browsing and targeted searching
- Ensure the site works on different platforms and browsers
What should be provided on an ecommerce website to facilitate purchase
Electronic Shopping Carts
What are some very important consideration in regards to checkout steps
- Always show details of order
- Clearly indicate what the next button click does
- Allow the customer to go back and change things
- Give the customer shipping options
- Provide email with order information and shipping confirmation
What are other pieces of information that should be included in website design
- FAQ page and link to customer service
- Entries allowed for customer reviews or forums
- News and press releases
- Links to your social media sites
What is legacy code
Existing old software still in use
What is middleware
Software to enable separate systems to communicate
What is disaster recovery strategy
Response to natural disasters, equipment failures or being hacked
What are the types of software systems that have to work in conjunction together in ecommerce
- Website, accounting, inventory, and shipping
- Suppliers, orders, and billing
- Personnel
What is the e-bay ecommerce model
Peer-to-peer auction style sales
What is the craigslist ecommerce model
Peer-to-peer classified ads
What is the groupon ecommerce model
- Group coupons.
- Businesses post coupons for one day only
- Minimum number required
What is the PayPal ecommerce model
online payment service
What is the apple pay ecommerce model
Mobile payment system
What is the bitcoin ecommerce model
virtual currency
What do databases store
Large amounts of data
What do businesses require databases for
Inventory, personnel, customers, suppliers, and financials
What is a bit/byte
Basic pieces of computer data
What is a field
One meaningful piece of information
What is a record
A set of related fields
What is a data file
a set of related records
What is a database
A set of related data files
How are data files represented in a database
Data files are represented as tables
How are records represented in a database
Rows
How are fields represented in a database
Columns
What is a Database management system
Manages files in a database
What does DBMS stand for
Database management system
What is a relational database model
Files are 2D tables
What is an entity in a relational database model
A distinguishable component of a system
What is a tuple in a relational database model
A row of relational tables
What is an attribute in a relational database model
A category of a field
What is a primary key in a relational database model
Attribute that uniquely identifies a tuple
What is SQL
Standard query language for a DBMS
What are SQL queries used for
Used to retrieve data according to some criteria
What is a foreign key?
An attribute in one table that is the key in the other
What is a foreign key used for
It connects data in one table with another
What is a “project” in relation to relational database operations
Picking some attributes from a set of tuples
What is a “restrict” in relation to relational database operations
Pick tuples that meet criteria
What is a “join” in relation to relationatal database operations
Combine tuples from different tables
What are three major components for database integrity
Entity integrity
Data integrity
Referential integrity
What is entity integrity in relation to databases
No primary key can be missing
What is data integrity in relation to databases
Values must match category constraints (ie: valid pay rate)
What is referential integrity in relation to databases
Foreign keys must match a primary key value in the related table
Describe efficiency in a database
- Disk access is slow
* File management systems can organize disk files for faster access
What is a distributed database
Data stored across a computer network
What is big data
Huge amounts of available data
What is data analysis
Process of finding the right data sets, putting data in the right format, and writing queries to extract information
What is data science
Incorporates data analysis tasks, but requires knowledge of the enterprise for useful queries and the use of statistics and visualization techniques to interpret the results and predict future strategies to achieve a predetermined goal
What is a data warehouse
A collection of databases that contain current and archived data for research and analysis
What is data mining?
Process of analyzing data to extract and interpret previously hidden patterns through several steps:
What are the 4 steps to data mining
- Determine the problem to be solved
- Review the condition of the data: Does all data have the same structure? Are any tuples missing information?
- Determine a model that will help bring out the patterns: Patterns classify the data to determine the strongest predictors of a given outcome – this is the data mining part: creation of a model
- Evaluate your model: Are the results predicted borne out by further data? Would a different model give better results?
What are some data science tools
Decision tree
Statistical Analysis
Graphical Visualization
What language can help with databases/data science
Language R
What are some privacy issues associated with data mining?
Automatically analyzing large amounts of data to uncover hidden patterns
What are data brokers
companies that collect and sell data
What are some examples of data sold by data brokers
Birth certificates, marriage certificates, publically available information, and nonpublic data purchased or acquired from other companies or data brokers.
What can data science make contributions towards
Medicine, science, ecology, and many more fields
