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Introduction to Computer Science > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

How does the world wide web allow businesses to communicate with customers

A 
Advertising
Follow-Up Sales
Sales to consumers
Sales to other businesses
Non-Sales Transactions (statements and bill pay)
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2
Q

What is ecommerce?

A

business conducted with the Internet and via the web including sales, advertising, and bill pay options

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3
Q

Is setting up an ecommerce site difficult?

A

Setting up an organization for ecommerce can be as intensive as setting up a physical store front.

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4
Q

What are some business problems that could be solved with an ecommerce site?

A

Broadening the customer base
Recapturing customers lost to online competitors
Serving existing customers better
Integrating departments of existing business

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5
Q

What are some of the risks of moving online in ecommerce

A

Same customers moving from in-store to online
Facing new competition online
Existing customers don’t need/want online store
Employee concerns

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6
Q

What are some of the costs of moving online using ecommerce

A

Computer equipment and infrastructure
Hiring personnel to manage the website
Legal expertise required to protect your intellectual property, regulations online, and customer privacy

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7
Q

What are some of the decisions that need to be made in terms of ecommerce

A

Design website in-house or hire an ASP (Application Service Provider)

Buy or lease equipment

Use existing software or have custom software written

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8
Q

Give a general overview of how an order is placed (and what your responsibilities are in that cycle as the website owner) starting from the point of the customer discovering your site to the point of sale

A

Customer learns of your site and goes there
Identify return customers and personalize the site
Provide a secure environment for making purchase
Process the payment
Communicate with accounting and credit company

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9
Q

How do you fulfill orders?

A

Update inventory
Contact shipping system and shipping company
Arrange pick up and delivery to customer

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10
Q

What are the 9 steps to a typical online transaction

A
  1. Customer goes on Internet to your website
  2. Customer logs into a database management system
  3. Customer goes into the online order entry system
  4. Customer goes into the accounting system
  5. Credit card is verified
  6. Inventory is checked to make sure there is enough stock
  7. Customer goes into the shipping system
  8. Item goes from the shipping system to the shipper
  9. Item goes from the shipper to the customer
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11
Q

What are some ways that customers learn about your site?

A
  • Conventional print advertising with URL
  • An obvious domain name (home page URL)
  • Search engine results (sponsored link)
  • Presence on a portal (website about a topic) with links to retail, wholesale, and informational websites
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12
Q

What is a domain name?

A

home page URL

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13
Q

What corporation registers domain names?

A

ICANN

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14
Q

What does ICANN stand for

A

Internet corporation for assigned names and numbers

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15
Q

What is a portal?

A

A website about a topic

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16
Q

What are two efficient ways to identify return customers and personalize the site for them?

A
  • Require the user to register and log in

* Leave a cookie on the users computer

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17
Q

Why should we require the user of an ecommerce site to register and log in

A

To connect to the database with the user’s past history on the site

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18
Q

What is a cookie

A

A cookie is a small text file containing information about the user.

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19
Q

Why do we leave cookies on a user’s computer

A

To allow continuity between one page of a site and another

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20
Q

How do we provide a secure environment for making a purchase

A

Encryption and Authentication

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21
Q

What is the role of encryption in ecommerce

A

ensure sensitive information is encrypted for transmission

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22
Q

What is the role of authentication in ecommerce

A

verify that your website is legitimate

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23
Q

What are two payment processing options

A

1: Process payment while the customer waits
2: Record order and payment info and complete transaction offline and then email customer the confirmation

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24
Q

Explain payment processing option 1: while the customer waits

A
  • Online form communicates with accounting software
  • Accounting system verifies customer credit
  • Customer can correct bad information
  • No need to keep credit card numbers
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25
Q

Explain payment processing option 2: Offline payment processing

A
  • Record the order and payment information
  • Verify and complete the transaction offline
  • Send email confirmation to the customer
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26
Q

What are the three steps to order fulfillment once the customer has placed an order

A
  • Communication with online inventory
  • Arrange for Shipping
  • Arrange Pick-up at the warehouse and delivery to the customer
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27
Q

What are some overall website design principals

A
  • Attractive with new products displayed
  • Good design principles
  • Organize for natural shopping habits
  • Make it easy to navigate
  • Provide site map or navigation bar
  • No more than four clicks from one page to another
  • Encourage browsing and targeted searching
  • Ensure the site works on different platforms and browsers
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28
Q

What should be provided on an ecommerce website to facilitate purchase

A

Electronic Shopping Carts

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29
Q

What are some very important consideration in regards to checkout steps

A
  • Always show details of order
  • Clearly indicate what the next button click does
  • Allow the customer to go back and change things
  • Give the customer shipping options
  • Provide email with order information and shipping confirmation
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30
Q

What are other pieces of information that should be included in website design

A
  • FAQ page and link to customer service
  • Entries allowed for customer reviews or forums
  • News and press releases
  • Links to your social media sites
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31
Q

What is legacy code

A

Existing old software still in use

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32
Q

What is middleware

A

Software to enable separate systems to communicate

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33
Q

What is disaster recovery strategy

A

Response to natural disasters, equipment failures or being hacked

34
Q

What are the types of software systems that have to work in conjunction together in ecommerce

A
  • Website, accounting, inventory, and shipping
  • Suppliers, orders, and billing
  • Personnel
35
Q

What is the e-bay ecommerce model

A

Peer-to-peer auction style sales

36
Q

What is the craigslist ecommerce model

A

Peer-to-peer classified ads

37
Q

What is the groupon ecommerce model

A
  • Group coupons.
  • Businesses post coupons for one day only
  • Minimum number required
38
Q

What is the PayPal ecommerce model

A

online payment service

39
Q

What is the apple pay ecommerce model

A

Mobile payment system

40
Q

What is the bitcoin ecommerce model

A

virtual currency

41
Q

What do databases store

A

Large amounts of data

42
Q

What do businesses require databases for

A

Inventory, personnel, customers, suppliers, and financials

43
Q

What is a bit/byte

A

Basic pieces of computer data

44
Q

What is a field

A

One meaningful piece of information

45
Q

What is a record

A

A set of related fields

46
Q

What is a data file

A

a set of related records

47
Q

What is a database

A

A set of related data files

48
Q

How are data files represented in a database

A

Data files are represented as tables

49
Q

How are records represented in a database

A

Rows

50
Q

How are fields represented in a database

A

Columns

51
Q

What is a Database management system

A

Manages files in a database

52
Q

What does DBMS stand for

A

Database management system

53
Q

What is a relational database model

A

Files are 2D tables

54
Q

What is an entity in a relational database model

A

A distinguishable component of a system

55
Q

What is a tuple in a relational database model

A

A row of relational tables

56
Q

What is an attribute in a relational database model

A

A category of a field

57
Q

What is a primary key in a relational database model

A

Attribute that uniquely identifies a tuple

58
Q

What is SQL

A

Standard query language for a DBMS

59
Q

What are SQL queries used for

A

Used to retrieve data according to some criteria

60
Q

What is a foreign key?

A

An attribute in one table that is the key in the other

61
Q

What is a foreign key used for

A

It connects data in one table with another

62
Q

What is a “project” in relation to relational database operations

A

Picking some attributes from a set of tuples

63
Q

What is a “restrict” in relation to relational database operations

A

Pick tuples that meet criteria

64
Q

What is a “join” in relation to relationatal database operations

A

Combine tuples from different tables

65
Q

What are three major components for database integrity

A

Entity integrity
Data integrity
Referential integrity

66
Q

What is entity integrity in relation to databases

A

No primary key can be missing

67
Q

What is data integrity in relation to databases

A

Values must match category constraints (ie: valid pay rate)

68
Q

What is referential integrity in relation to databases

A

Foreign keys must match a primary key value in the related table

69
Q

Describe efficiency in a database

A
  • Disk access is slow

* File management systems can organize disk files for faster access

70
Q

What is a distributed database

A

Data stored across a computer network

71
Q

What is big data

A

Huge amounts of available data

72
Q

What is data analysis

A

Process of finding the right data sets, putting data in the right format, and writing queries to extract information

73
Q

What is data science

A

Incorporates data analysis tasks, but requires knowledge of the enterprise for useful queries and the use of statistics and visualization techniques to interpret the results and predict future strategies to achieve a predetermined goal

74
Q

What is a data warehouse

A

A collection of databases that contain current and archived data for research and analysis

75
Q

What is data mining?

A

Process of analyzing data to extract and interpret previously hidden patterns through several steps:

76
Q

What are the 4 steps to data mining

A
  1. Determine the problem to be solved
  2. Review the condition of the data: Does all data have the same structure? Are any tuples missing information?
  3. Determine a model that will help bring out the patterns: Patterns classify the data to determine the strongest predictors of a given outcome – this is the data mining part: creation of a model
  4. Evaluate your model: Are the results predicted borne out by further data? Would a different model give better results?
77
Q

What are some data science tools

A

Decision tree
Statistical Analysis
Graphical Visualization

78
Q

What language can help with databases/data science

A

Language R

79
Q

What are some privacy issues associated with data mining?

A

Automatically analyzing large amounts of data to uncover hidden patterns

80
Q

What are data brokers

A

companies that collect and sell data

81
Q

What are some examples of data sold by data brokers

A

Birth certificates, marriage certificates, publically available information, and nonpublic data purchased or acquired from other companies or data brokers.

82
Q

What can data science make contributions towards

A

Medicine, science, ecology, and many more fields

Introduction to Computer Science (7 decks)

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