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Introduction to Computer Science > Chapter 7 PowerPoint > Flashcards

Chapter 7 PowerPoint Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some of the benefits of computer networks

A

Education, research, medicine and more benefits.
Worldwide communications
Spread of information and data
Possibly a vehicle for spreading misinformation
Helps to equalize access to information

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2
Q

What is a computer network made up of

A

Computing devices and interconnections

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3
Q

What are the devices located on a computer network called

A

Nodes

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4
Q

T/F Networks are wired only

A

FALSE. Networks can be wired or wireless.

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5
Q

What are examples of wired networks

A

Dial up

Broadband (cable modems and DSL)`

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6
Q

What are examples of wireless networks

A

WLAN, WWAN, MAN, LAN, PAN

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7
Q

Describe dial-up telephone lines

A

Analog lines that transmit digital data.

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8
Q

What modulates the carrier wave in a dial up telephone line

A

Modem modulator

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9
Q

What is the max speed of a dial up connection

A

56 KBps

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10
Q

What is the bandwidth

A

The capacity

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11
Q

What is the transmission rate that broadband provides

A

A transmission rate of greater or equal to 25 Mbps

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12
Q

Describe the download/upload speeds of Home Internet Connections

A

Asymmetric download/upload speed

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13
Q

Describe DSL

A

Uses phone lines but sends digital signal on different frequencies than voice

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14
Q

What does DSL stand for

A

Digital Subscriber Line

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15
Q

What is the download rate range for a DSL connection

A

Between 5-50Mbps

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16
Q

What is the upload range for a DSL connection

A

Between 1-5Mbps

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17
Q

Describe Cable Modem

A

Uses cable TV lines

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18
Q

What is the download range for a cable modem

A

Up to approximately 100Mbps

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19
Q

What is the upload range for a cable modem

A

Between 3 to 5Mbps

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20
Q

What are three examples of commercial or institutional internet connections

A

Ethernet
Fast Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet Standard

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21
Q

What was the common type of commercial or institutional internet connection in the 1970s

A

Ethernet

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22
Q

Describe Ethernet internet connections in a commercial environment

A

Dedicated coaxial cable

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23
Q

How fast does ethernet in a commercial environment run

A

Operates at 10Mbps

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24
Q

Describe Fast Ethernet internet connections in a commercial environments

A

Dedicated lines (coaxial, fiber-optic, twisted-pair copper wire)

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25
Q

How fast does fast ethernet internet connections in a commercial environment run

A

Operates at 100Mbps

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26
Q

Describe Gigabit Ethernet Standard internet connections in a commercial environment

A

From gigabit networking researching project.

IEEE standard

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27
Q

How fast does gigabit ethernet standard connection in a commercial environment run

A

Operates at 1000 Mbps

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28
Q

What does Wireless Data Communication allow for

A

Allows network communication without the need for cables holding you to one place

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29
Q

What are some examples of Wireless Data Communication

A

Radio, microwave or infrared signals to mobile computers

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30
Q

Is it true that mobile computing delivers data regardless of location

A

TRUE

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31
Q

Describe Bluetooth

A

Low power, close range (30-50 feet), connects devices like wireless mice, cameras, video games

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32
Q

What is the function of a WLAN

A

Computers transmit wirelessly to a base station which has a wired connection

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33
Q

What is the range of a WLAN network

A

Range of 150-300feet

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34
Q

What does WLAN stand for

A

Wireless Local Area Network

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35
Q

What does Wifi stand for

A

Standard term for wireless network communication

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36
Q

What is the IEEE 802.11

A

It is the wireless network standard

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37
Q

What are some examples of Wifi Hot Spots

A

Library, Campus, Coffee Shop, Etc

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38
Q

What is a metropolitan Area Network

A

A built-out wireless network that covers blocks or cities

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39
Q

What is a MAN

A

Metropolitan Area Network

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40
Q

What is the function of WWAN

A

Computers transmit wirelessly to a remote base station which has a wired connection. Cellular technology involves antennas on towers miles apart

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41
Q

What speed does 4G transmit at

A

50 to 500Mbps

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42
Q

What are some downsides to Wireless wide area network (WWAN)

A
  • Signal may be blocked while indoors
  • Errors with data transmission can slow performance
  • Security concern: wireless signals are easy to intercept
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43
Q

What are the characteristics of LAN

A

Wired connections

Computers, printers, and servers are in close proximity. Privately owned and operated

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44
Q

What is topology

A

How computers are connected. Directly affects how they communicate

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45
Q

What is the bus topology

A

Shared Lines

Devices take turns using the line

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46
Q

What is the ring topology

A

Messages circulate until they reach the source

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47
Q

What is a star topology

A

All messages are sent to a central node, which routes messages to their destinations

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48
Q

Describe the properties of an ethernet LAN with a shared cable

A

Bus topology
Single cable over short distances
Multiple cables over longer distances

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49
Q

What is the function of a repeater

A

Amplifies the signal on a LAN

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50
Q

What is the function of a bridge

A

routes messages only when necessary

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51
Q

Describe the properties of an ethernet LAN with a switch

A

Bus topology
Shared cable is inside the switch
Wiring closet contains switch and ports
Ethernet jacks in rooms connect to the switch in the closet
Wireless base stations also connect to the switch in the closet

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52
Q

Describe the properties of a WAN

A
  • Wired Connection
  • Connected computers that are located at great distances
  • Dedicated point to point lines
  • Store and forward, packet switched
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53
Q

What does WAN stand for

A

Wide Area Network

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54
Q

What does “Dedicated point-to-point lines” mean

A

Computers connect to other computers on individual lines

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55
Q

What does “Store and Forward, packet switched” mean

A

Packets go from node to node until reaching their destination

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56
Q

How is the routing of packets in a WAN connection determined

A

Routing of packets is determined dynamically.

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57
Q

What are the benefits of using a WAN connection

A

Redundant paths,
fault tolerance,
responsive to traffic load

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58
Q

Describe the general overall structure of the internet

A

Combination of LANs and WANs.

Connected by routers that direct message traffic

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59
Q

What does ISP stand for

A

Internet service provider

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60
Q

What is the function of an ISP

A

an ISP provides access to the Internet for private individuals and organizations.

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61
Q

What does DNS stand for

A

Domain name services

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62
Q

What is the function of a DNS

A

Domain name services provide addressing information.

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63
Q

What are the levels that ISPs exist at

A

Local, regional, national and international

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64
Q

What is a protocol

A

A standard set of rules for communicating

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65
Q

What is protocol hierarchy/protocol stack and TCP/IP

A

Layers of protocols

Physical transmission to end application rules and standards

66
Q

What group makes standards in terms of communication protocols

A

The Internet Society makes standards and promotes research.

67
Q

What type of agreement makes the internet possible (very general answer)

A

International agreements

68
Q

What is the name of the 5th layer of the communication protocol?

A

Application

69
Q

What are some examples of the 5th layer of the communication protocol

A

HTTP,SMTP,FTP

70
Q

What is the name of the 4th layer of the communication protocol?

A

Transport

71
Q

What are some examples of the 4th layer of the communication protocol?

A

TCP,UDP

72
Q

What is the name of the 3rd layer of the communication protocol?

A

Network

73
Q

What are some examples of the 3rd layer of the communication protocol?

A

IP

74
Q

What is the name of the 2B layer of the communication protocol?

A

Logical Link Control

75
Q

What are some examples of the 2B layer of the communication protocol?

A

PPP, Ethernet

76
Q

What is the name of the 2A layer of the communication protocol?

A

Medium Access Control

77
Q

What are some examples of the 2A layer of the communication protocol

A

Ethernet

78
Q

What is the more common name for the 2B and 2A layer of the communication protocol

A

DATA LINK LAYER

79
Q

What is the name of the 1st layer of the Communication protocol

A

Physical

80
Q

What are some examples of the 1st layer of the communication protocol

A

Modem, DSL, Cable Modem, WiFi, 4G

81
Q

What are the points of consideration for the physical layer protocols

A
  • How to know when a bit is present on the line
  • How much time the bit will remain on the line
  • Whether the bit is digital or analog in form
  • What physical quantities represent 0 and 1
  • Shape of the connector between the computer and the transmission line
82
Q

What is a general definition of the physical layer protocols

A

Rules for exchanging binary data across a physical channel (fibre-optic, twisted pair, wireless, ETC)

83
Q

What is the purpose of the Data Link protocols

A

Ensure reliable transmission of bits
Error detection and correction notices failures in the transmission and fixes them.
Framing determines which bits belong to one message.

84
Q

What are the two major features of Data Link Protocols

A

Error detection and correction notices failures in the transmission and fixes them.
Framing determines which bits belong to one message.

85
Q

What are the two components of the data link protocols

A

Layer 2a: Medium Access Control

Layer 2b: Logical Link Control

86
Q

What is the function of Medium Access Control Protocols

A

Rules for communicating on shared lines - who has ownership.

87
Q

Describe the contention-based protocol used in medium access control

A

When a node wants to send a message
Listen to the line and wait until it is free
Begin transmitting as soon as it is free
If a collision results, wait a random amount of time
Repeat

88
Q

What is the advantage to medium access control protocols

A

Distributed, no master bottleneck

89
Q

What is the function of Logical Link Control protocols

A

Rules for detecting and correcting errors

90
Q

What does ARQ stand for

A

Automatic Repeat Request

91
Q

What does ACK stand for

A

Acknowledgement message

92
Q

Describe the ARQ algorithm on the Senders SIDE

A

Transmit a packet and wait for ACK or time out
If ACK received, go on to next packet
Otherwise, repeat on the current packet

93
Q

Describe the ARQ algorithm on the receivers side

A

If no error, return acknowledgement message (ACK)

Otherwise, return nothing

94
Q

What does a package sent by the Data Link Protocols contain

A

Markers for start and end of packet (SOP and EOP)
Sequence number for packet (e.g., 2 of 5)
Packet data
Error-checking bits

95
Q

What is the purpose of the Data Link Layer

A

Create a virtual error-free message pipe
Messages go in one end
Come out the other correct and in the right order

96
Q

What is the purpose of the Network Layer Protocols

A

Transmit messages across multiple nodes in a network

Good faith transmission model

97
Q

What are the requirements for the network layer protocols

A

Standard for addressing all network nodes

Routing method for finding a route from any node to any other node

98
Q

Describe the Host Name in relation to addressing (network layer of communication protocol)

A

human-friendly name for a node

99
Q

Describe the IP Address in relation to addressing (network layer of communication protocol)

A

Unique numerical address used by the computer

100
Q

Describe the DNS in relation to addressing (network layer of communication protocol)

A

Maps host names to IP addresses

101
Q

How does a computer retrieve the DNS for a host name

A

Symbolic host name goes to a local DNS server

If it has no record, goes to remote servers until one has the host name and retrieves the IP address

102
Q

What is the function of routing in the network layer of the communication protocol

A

Picking a path through the network from source to destination
Seeks the shortest/best path: fastest travel
Massive network requires efficient path-seeking
Networks are dynamic: nodes come online and go offline all the time—routing must adapt quickly

103
Q

Describe Transport layer protocols

A

Application to application, reliable packet delivery

104
Q

What is a port number

A

Unique identifier for a program

105
Q

What is the standard port number for a web server

A

80

106
Q

What is the standard port number for a Domain Name Service

A

42

107
Q

What is the standard port number for a SMTP, Sending Email

A

25

108
Q

Why is TCP used

A
  • Ensures no errors
  • Establishes ordered delivery of packets
  • Another version of ARQ algorithm
  • Virtual direct, quality connection between programs
109
Q

What does TCP stand for

A

Transport Control Protocol

110
Q

What is the function of Application layer protocols

A

Handle formatted data transmitted between application programs

111
Q

What does HTTP stand for. What port is it associated with

A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol. Port 80

112
Q

What does SMTP stand for. What port is it associated with

A

Simple Mail Transfer PRotocol.

Port 25

113
Q

What does POP3 stand for. What port is it associated with

A

Post Office Protocol. Port 110

114
Q

What does IMAP stand for. What port is it associated with

A

Internet Message Access Protocol. Port 143

115
Q

What does FTP stand for. What port is it associated with

A

File transfer protocol. Port 21

116
Q

What does TELNET stand for. What port is it associated with

A

Terminal Emulation Protocol. Port 23

117
Q

What does DNS stand for. What port is it associated with

A

Domain Name System. Port 42

118
Q

What application is HTTP associated with

A

Accessing Webpages

119
Q

What application is SMTP associated with

A

Sending Email

120
Q

What application is POP3 associated with

A

Receiving email

121
Q

What application is IMAP associated with

A

Receiving email

122
Q

What application is FTP associated with

A

Accessing Remote Files

123
Q

What application is TELNET associated with

A

Accessing Remote Terminals

124
Q

What application is DNS associated with

A

Translating symbolic host names to IP addresses

125
Q

What does URL stand for

A

Uniform Resource Locator

126
Q

How is a web page identified with HTTP

A

Web page or service is identified by a unique URL

127
Q

What does a web browser use to send formatted messages to a web server (and vice versa)

A

Web browser uses TCP

128
Q

What aspects of the communication protocol are used within TCP

A

Network layer, Data link Layer and physical layer

129
Q

What is the process involved with the application layer (using HTTP)

A

Browser reads protocol, extracts host name (and requests IP address from the DNS server)
Sends a connect message to port 80 on that machine
After connection is established, sends “Get” message with page information
Server responds with message containing page contents and size and indicates the connection closes at the end of the message

130
Q

What are three examples of interpersonal communications

A

Electronic Mail
Bulletin Board System
Instant Messaging / Texting

131
Q

What is Electronic mail

A

A message read at the recipient’s convenience. Fast, multimedia, broadcast medium.

132
Q

What is Bulletin board system

A

Public forum for shared communications.

Evolved into internet forums and chat rooms

133
Q

What does email stand for

A

electronic mail

134
Q

What does BBS stand for

A

bulletin board system

135
Q

What are some benefits of social networking

A

Fast communication with people around the globe
The potential for rich discussion around a topic
A public forum where many people can contribute

136
Q

What are the disadvantages

to social networking

A

Anything posted online can follow you forever
Cyberbullying
Potential invasion of privacy

137
Q

On a network, what service do print servers provide

A

They serve all computers with printing possibilities on a LAN

138
Q

On a network, what services do file servers provide

A

They provide storage to all users

139
Q

On a network, what service does client/server computing provide

A

Some nodes provide services and other nodes use those services

140
Q

On a network, what service do distributed databases and data warehouses provide

A

Massive data stored in various sites online

141
Q

On a network, what does groupware or a wiki provide

A

Support collaborative knowledge or data construction

142
Q

What functions did early applications of ecommerce provide

A

Automatic pay check deposit
ATMS
Checkout Scanners and Inventory Systems

143
Q

What functions do the current applications of ecommerce provide

A

Online Stores
Electronic Bill Payment
Online Payment Systems
Individual Sales to the World

144
Q

What percent of all retail sales are performed online

A

8%

145
Q

What are three examples of cloud services

A

Infrastructure
Application
Platform and Development

146
Q

What is virtualization

A

Separation of a service from the entity providing it.

147
Q

What are some benefits to cloud computing

A

Nodes are local, server is off site.
Greatly reduced costs
Virtualization

148
Q

What can a cloud server be a part of

A

An integrated server farm

149
Q

What does internetworking

A

Standards for communication

150
Q

What is a gateway device

A

A device for translating between networks

151
Q

What network was present in 1962

A

Licklider’s “Galactic Network”

152
Q

What network was present in 1966

A

ARPA-funded ARPANET

153
Q

What network was present in 1972

A

Email

154
Q

What network was present in the 1970s/1980s

A

Many networks such as HEPNET and DECNet

155
Q

Describe the middle years of the world wide web

A

TCP/IP was the established standard

Telnet, FTP

156
Q

When was NSFNET introduced

A

1984

157
Q

Who was eligible to use ARPANET

A

Only open to ARPA grant recipients

158
Q

Who was eligible to use NSFNet

A

Open to universities, government agencies, libraries, museums and school

159
Q

When did networks begin to connect

A

In the late 1980s

160
Q

When was NSFNet turned over to private providers

A

in 1995

161
Q

What is hypertext and how did it lay the foundation for modern day webpages

A

documents containing links to other documents became the foundation for modern-day webpages

162
Q

What ultimately led to the rapid expansion of the world wide web

A

When web protocols were made public

Introduction to Computer Science (7 decks)

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