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Microbiology > Test One > Flashcards

Test One Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Used microscope to view many items such as cork,fleas,butterfly wings etc. and drew

A

Robert Hooke

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2
Q
  1. Published book
  2. First to use the word cells
  3. Helped Leeuwenhoek get published
A

Robert Hooke

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3
Q

1673

A

Leeuwenhoek

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4
Q

Created a Microscope that was powerful enough to allow him to be the first to see/desribe objects in pond water, feces , tooth scraping, semen, cells and “animalcules” bacteria.

A

Leeuwenhoek

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5
Q
  1. Published in Royal Society of London
  2. 2.First to describe “Animalcules”
  3. Created the first Advanced Microscope
A

Leeuwenhoek

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6
Q

Meat/maggots jar , covered and open , saw maggots only in open; flies responsible

A

Francisco Redi

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7
Q
  1. Disproved Spontaneous Generation of macro organisms
  2. Dev scientific method
A

Francisco Redi

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8
Q

Observed cowpox gave immunity to small pox ( milk maids )
Illegal Variolation- giving mild version

A

Jenner

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9
Q
  1. Developed the first Vaccination against small pox by injection of pus from cowpox
  2. Life long immunization
A

Jenner

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10
Q

Correlated high child birth fever deaths with not washing hands/instruments

A

Semmelweiss

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11
Q
  1. Introduced lime water for disinfectant (Asepsis)
  2. Mortality Decreased
A

Semmelweiss

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12
Q

Anesthesia increased mortality rates , Introduced heat sanitation of instruments, Disinfection of skin and wound before and after “Father of aseptic Surgery “

A

Lister

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13
Q
  1. Created Spray mist disinfectant
  2. Introduced Asepsis Surgery into surgery room
A

Lister

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14
Q

Used microscopes to look at chemicals , Responded to wine industry “sick wine”

A

Pasteur

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15
Q
  1. Pasteurization
  2. Pasteur Wine Results
  3. Father of Fermentation
  4. Wrote Germ Theory
A

Pasteur

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16
Q

S Flask Experiment to settle spontaneous generation

A

Pasteur

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17
Q

Microorganisms do not spontaneously generate

A

Pasteur

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18
Q

Read Pasteur work and used Solid instead of Broths , Studied Anthrax cause in cattle , Kochs Postulate

A

Pasteur

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19
Q

Attenuation , weaking of pathogens to create a vaccine , Rabies Vaccine

A

Pasteur

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20
Q

Accidental chicken cholera , drying cultures or tissue contains organisms

A

Koch

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21
Q

Proved Germ theory
Pure culture methods and staining methods

A

Koch

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22
Q

Accidental chicken cholera , drying cultures or tissue contains organisms

A

Koch

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23
Q

“Dirty Dishes Accident” Isolated the first Antibiotic from Mold Growth

A

Alexander Fleming

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24
Q

Penicillin was produced in 1941 in the U.S

A

Alexander Fleming

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25
Q

1670s

A

Francisco Redi

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26
Q

Jenner

A

1796

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27
Q

Semmelweiss

A

1847

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28
Q

1850

A

Lister

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29
Q

1857

A

Pasteur

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30
Q

1865

A

Pasteur

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31
Q

1865

A

Pasteur

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32
Q

1880

A

Koch

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33
Q

1929

A

Alexander Fleming

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34
Q

Three basic shapes

A

Cocci,bacilli,spirilli

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35
Q

Round

A

Cocci

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36
Q

Rods

A

Bacilli

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37
Q

Spiral curved

A

Spirilli

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38
Q

Chain

A

Strepto

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39
Q

Staphylococcus

A

Grape like clusters

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40
Q

Twos

A

Diplo

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41
Q

Square pack 4&8

A

Tetra/sarcina

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42
Q

V shaped

A

Arrangement

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43
Q

Palisade

A

Side by side

44
Q

Mild heat to remove most bacteria

A

Pasteur

45
Q

Mild heat to remove most bacteria ( Pasteurized )

A

Pasteur

46
Q

Pasteur Wine results

A

1.Fermentation
2.Microbes cause Disease in humans ( germ theory )
3. Micro organisms don’t spontaneously generate

47
Q

Koch 4 Postulates

A
  1. Identify pathogen present , Isolate
  2. Isolated pathogen must grow by itself in culture medium
  3. Culture cause disease in healthy animal
  4. Re isolated , same as individual pathogen
48
Q

Anthrax Important why ?

A

Proved germ theory
pure culture staining methods

49
Q

Anthrax Important why ?

A

Proved germ theory
pure culture staining methods

50
Q

Standard Parts in bacteria

A

cell membrane
cytoplasms
genome
ribosomes
Cell wall
Lps layer ( gram neg only )

51
Q

Optional parts of bacteria

A

Plasma
Sex pilli
Fimbrae
Flagella
Glycocalyx
Endospore

52
Q

Unusual Bacteria

A

Mycoplasma
Rickettsia and chlamydia
Spirochates
Archaea

53
Q

Bacterial Growth Curve

A

Lag Phase
Exponential Growth
Maximum Stationary
Exponential death

54
Q

All cells die

A

Crash

55
Q

Bacteria Cells Divide into two
( Quick )

A

Binary Fission

56
Q

Generation time

A

30 mins

57
Q

Chicken clora

A

Pasteur missed step 3 step ( re isolation ) which assisted him in coming up with attenuation

58
Q

chicken Colera

A

pasteur missed koch 3rd step ( re isolation ) which assisted him with attenuation vaccine / rabies vaccine

59
Q

Rifampin

A

drug target
attack unwinding dna

60
Q

Rifampin

A

drug target
attack unwinding dna

61
Q

Toposonerase
and dna gyrase

A

enzyme to help coil, open , close , uncoil dna when needed

62
Q

Ribosomes

A

protein factory
MRNA- Proteins

63
Q

70 small Ribosome

A

Drug target

64
Q

Drug that interferes with
Ribosomes

A

Kanamysin

65
Q

Peptidoglycan ( unique portion of cell wall )

A

Nag and Nam sugars
tetrapeptides

66
Q

Prevent expansion of cells in hypotonic environments

A

cell wall

67
Q

Gram + cell wall

A

thick
Teichoic / lipo acids ( anchor transport and id cells )

68
Q

gram - cell wall

A

Thin
has outter membrane
LPS layer
Lipid A ( released when cells die in larger numbers )

69
Q

penicillin

A

drug that attacks peptidoglycan

70
Q

give extra abilities to dna ( like apps on phone )

A

plasmids

71
Q

resistance to antibiotics

A

r plasmids

72
Q

connect cells to allow dna transfer

A

sex pilli

73
Q

flagellum rotates clockwise

A

cells move end over end

74
Q

flagellum rotates clockwise

A

cells move end over end

75
Q

flagellum roasted counter clockwise

A

straight line movement

76
Q

+ stimulus = run longer
- stimulus = clockwise to change direction to get away

A

flagellum

77
Q

Fertility genes

A

F plasmids
Conjugation
Connects to cells together to pass plasmid

78
Q

Production of toxins or enzymes that impact host body in disease

A

Virulence plasmids

79
Q

Bacteriocin plasmid

A

Production of protein protein that kill other bacteria

80
Q

Flagellar agrangemnt

A

Lophotrichous
Monotrichous
Peritrichous
Amphirichous

81
Q

Tuff of flagella

A

Lophotrichous

82
Q

One flagella

A

Monotrichous

83
Q

Flagella surrounding cell

A

Peritrichous

84
Q

Flagella on both ends

A

Amphitrichous

85
Q

Mucoid coating composed of polysaccharides or glycoprotein outside of cell wall

A

Glycocalyx

86
Q

In respitory pathogen
Dense thick layer

A

Capsule

87
Q

Slime on turkey

A

Biofilms

88
Q

Structure that allows bacteria to resist harsh conditions

Formed inside cell

Needs nothing to survive

A

Endospore

89
Q

Coated with peptidoglycan nd protein
Heat stability

A

Endospore

90
Q

Reverse of sporulation
Triggered in favable conditions
Water enters
Spore layer looosens

A

Germination processs

91
Q

Heat
Harsh Chemicals
Water enters
Spore cost layer loosen
Lack of nutrient

A

Benefits of endospores

92
Q

Non reproducing
Only function inside host
Smaller than bacteria

A

Virus

93
Q

Floating free in water or air

A

Virion

94
Q

Three designs of eukaryotic

A

Naked
Enveloped

95
Q

Infected prokaryotic

A

Bacteriophages

96
Q

Composed of phospholipid by layer

A

Enveloped

97
Q

Composed of peplomers

A

Glycoproteins

98
Q

Unique viral enzymes

A

Reverse transcriptase - dna to mRNA template
Protease - cuts fast virus ,
Integrase -connects viral dna to host genome
RNA dependent rna transcriptase - to make complementary rna
Bacteriophages only - lysine digest peptidoglycan

99
Q

Lyric cycle

A

Virulent , immediately

100
Q

Lysogenic

A

Temperature, may be delayed, wait for trigger , immediate death and destruction

101
Q

Receptor protein on host cell surface

A

Attachment

102
Q

Virus attach by

A

Ligand proteins

103
Q

Phage and naked ligands bind by

A

Capomeres

104
Q

Ligands bind to enveloped virus by

A

Peplomers

105
Q

Drug target for attachment

A

Block binding ligands
Block receptor p
Block peplomers

106
Q

Enters penetration

A

Lysozyme , contraction of tail

Capsid remains outside

107
Q

Endocytosis drug target

A

Uncoating , removal of capsomeres from genome

Amantadine , tamaflu

Microbiology (7 decks)

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