test one

Question 1

is science that is done in “service to the law literal latin root is “having to do with argumentation and debate”

Answer 1

Forensic science:

Question 2

Major contributions of forensics to criminal Justice System:

Answer 2

Element of the crime 
support/disprove statements
Identify substances
Identify persons 
Provide investigative leads
Establish linkages or exclusions

Question 3

the study of diseases – medical doctors that are experts in determining cause of death

Answer 3

Forensic pathology:

Question 4

study of insects

Answer 4

Forensic entomology:

Question 5

experts in skeletal remains

Answer 5

Forensic anthropology:

Question 6

study of poisons, toxins, and drugs in the body

Forensic psychiatry and psychology: evaluate the mind, “profilers”

Answer 6

Forensic toxicology:

Question 7

investigate automobile accidents, transportations, structural collapses

Answer 7

Forensic engineering:

Question 8

investigate use of computer technologies and electronic records

Answer 8

Forensic computer science:

Question 9

use of specialized equipment ex: specialized lights, ground penetrating sonar

Answer 9

Forensic/ investigation technologies:

Question 10

this encomposses all of hte speciality aras found in full- service forensic science laborites

Answer 10

Criminalistics:

Question 11

Criminalistics 4 major categories

Answer 11

biological analysis,
materials analysis,
forensic chemistry,
pattern evidence

Question 12

• being able to tell what is potential evidence at a scene

Answer 12

Evidence recognition

Question 13

• this is identifying what is examined

Answer 13

Classification

Question 14

being able to exclude something as not being something

-

Answer 14

Disassociation -

Question 15

recognizing something as unique, a way to classifying something as different they the rest of a group

Answer 15

Individualization

Question 16

• using evidence to determine how the event that caused the evidence, occurred.

Answer 16

Reconstruction

Question 17

2-D image as a result of contact with a hard surface

Answer 17

Imprints:

Question 18

example of an imprint

Answer 18

Example: handprint on cloth would not be

Question 19

: 3-D image produced by pressing into a soft surface

Answer 19

Indentation

Question 20

example of an indentation

Answer 20

a footprint in the soil

Question 21

Results of a hard surface being marking up by another object in motion
Usually done on metal or wood
These can sometimes be seen with the naked eye, and sometimes it requires a microscope

Answer 21

Striations:

Question 22

This when material ends up on a surface by traveling through the air (no direct contact)
Example: blood/ paint splatter, dust, pollen

Answer 22

Deposits:

Question 23

Classification of physical evidence:

Answer 23

Identification
Individualization
Reconstruction
Demonstrating exclusion can have as much value as inclusions

Question 24

Three databases exist for physical evidence

Answer 24

AFIS (Automated fingerprint identification system)
CODIS (Combined DNA Indexing system)
NIBIN (National integrated Ballistics Information network)

Question 25

• that a “novel” scientific or technical piece of evidence could not only be admitted if the underlying scientific principles are generally accepted by the scientific community to which the test belongs

Answer 25

Frye

Question 26

Requires that scientific tests on evidence be “truly scientific”
They must have been subjected to significant hypothesis of the underlying principles
They judge is responsible for determining if the evidence is admissible using the criteria set out by the Frye case or the Daubert case, spending on jurisdiction

Answer 26

Daubert