Test IV Flashcards
5 things parents do as managers
Provide opportunities Monitor Independent acts Help regulate Allow space
Reciprocal socialization
Socialization is bi directional; children and parents socialize each other
Baurmind’s 4 parenting categories
Demanding
Undemanding
Responsive
Unresponsive
Demanding + unresponsive parenting: characteristics and outcomes
Authoritarian: strict, high expectations without open communication
Outcomes: lower self esteem
Become followers
Demanding + responsive parenting: characteristics and outcomes
Authoritative: high expectations, rules, appropriate consequences, mistakes forgiven, open communication
Outcomes; higher self esteem and autonomy
Undemanding + unresponsive parenting: characteristics and outcomes
Neglectful: little interaction between parent and child
Outcomes: erratic behavior, socially withdrawn
Undemanding + responsive parenting: characteristics and outcomes
Indulgent: lowered expectations, children make own decisions, open, supportive, little confrontation
Outcomes: demanding, greater emotional stability, early independence
Corporal punishment
Can cross line of abuse and be out of control models for stress. Result in fear, rage, avoidance
Kanoy, ulku-Steiner, cox, Burchinal
Marital conflict predicts physical punishment
Cast, Schweingruber, Berns
Physical punishment predicts marital conflict
Judy Dunn’s characteristics of sibling relationships
Emotional quality
Familiarity and intensity
Variation
____ % of mothers with children under 5 work
50
____% of mothers with children ages 6-17 work
66
Quality child care
Directly related to SES
4 Issues facing child care facilities
Turnover
Illness
Ratios
Closures
John Gottman
A
Judith Wallerstein
A
Longitudinal research
Studying same group of people over defined amount of time
Effects of divorce
Academic problems Acting out Drop ours Low self esteem Drugs Sexually active at early age
Same sex couples and parenting
A
Data in progress
W
Peer time ________, while parent time _________.
Increases, decreases
6 functions of friendship
Companionship Stimulation Physical support Emotional support Social comparison Intimacy
Intimacy _________ during teen years.
Increases
Girl girl friendships
Intimacy
Closeness
Sharing info
Boy boy friendships
Power
Excitement
Self disclosure discouraged
Girl boy friendships
Security for girls
Sharing of emotion for boys
Can have sexual tension
Mixed age friendships
Risky for the younger partner
Cliques
Small groups of peers that are engaged in similar activities and are usually the same sex
Crowds
Reputation based and less personal
Entry into romantic relationships
Ages 11-13
Exploring romantic relationships
Ages 14-16
Consolidating dyadic romantic bonds
Ages 17-19
Race
Human classification by phenotype
Ethnicity
Common characteristics of a group of people such as shared language race or religion
Culture
Patterns, beliefs, and behavior and all other products of a particular group that are passed on from generation to generation
Cultural pluralism
When smaller groups of a larger society maintain their unique cultural identities which are acceptable to wider society
Individualism
Giving priority to personal goals rather than to group goals
Collectivism
Values that serve the group by subordinating personal goals to preserve group integrity and relationships
Variations and differences in SES
Dependent upon community size and complexity
Low vs High SES
READ BOOK SECTION
Poverty rates
Have been increasing by at least 1% each year since 2008
4 Psychological ramifications of poverty
Powerless
Poor decision making skills
Disaster
Fewer alternatives
Ethnicity and immigration
High rates impact the ethnic population growth
Acculturation
Cultural modification of an individual
Research on ethnicity and SES
Ethnic gloss
Focus on the negative
Double disadvantages
Highest risk for poverty
Single parent households with limited education
Prejudice
Unjustified negative attitude towards an individual because of membership in a group
Intelligence vs achievement
Achievement can be predicted by intelligence
Altruism
Feelings and behavior that show a desire to help others
Empathy
Understanding and sharing another person’s emotions
Equality
Wanting the same rights for others
Merit
Good qualities that deserve praise
Benevolence
Acts of kindness or disposition to do good
Forgiveness
Absolving another of guilt
Gratitude
Being grateful and thankful
3 types of bullying
Cyber
Verbal
Physical
Program that opposes many govt models
New Hope
Extrinsic motivation
External incentives such as money or grades
5 Intrinsic motivations
Determination Choice Personal responsibility Cognitive engagement Interest
Developmental shifts
Intrinsic motivation increases with age
Extrinsic increase factors
Intrinsic motivation _______ with age, except for middle/high school.
Increases
Goal setting
Specific
Proximal
Challenging
Setting goals like these leads to improvement of self efficacy and achievement
Self efficacy
Belief that one can master a situation and have good results
Mindset:
Fixed
Growth
F: carved in stone. Intelligence is static
G: believe in change
Mastery motivation
Task oriented, concerned with learning strategies
Helpless orientation
Seems trapped by difficulty to or lack of ability
Performance orientation
Achievement outcomes and winning matters
Purpose
Accomplishing something meaningful and contributing something to the world
3 characteristics of good goals
Specific
Proximal
Challenging
