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Child Development > Test II > Flashcards

Test II Flashcards

0
Q

Best way to promote healthy brain activity

A

Provide experiences that activate the senses

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1
Q

Ways we study neural development in infancy

A

EEG
NIRS
MEG

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2
Q

5 Consequences of Early adverse experiences

A 
Maternal depression
Underdevelopment 
Abuse
Neglect
Institutionalizations without stimulation
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3
Q

Adolescent brain: prefrontal cortex 4 jobs

A

Reasoning
Decision making
Self control
Risk taking behaviors

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4
Q

How many hours per day do infants sleep

A

16-17 hours

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5
Q

4 Risks of shared sleeping in infants

A

Infant waking
SIDS
sleeplessness for parents
Mixed messages

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6
Q

4 Cause/effects of inadequate sleep in childhood

A

Depression
School problems
Behavioral problems
Nightmares

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7
Q

Night terrors vs nightmares

A

Night terrors- deep sleep

Nightmares- REM sleep

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8
Q

5 Consequences of sleep patterns in adolescence

A 
Fatigue 
Moodiness 
Depression
More caffeine beverage use
Poor school performance
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9
Q

Sleep debt adolescence

A

Try to make up for lost sleep on weekend

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10
Q

Poverty and 2 prevention methods

A

Immunization

Precautions to avoid accidents

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11
Q

Taste in infancy

A

Q

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12
Q

Smell in infancy

A

Recognition of mother, soothing to familiar smell

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13
Q

Acuity

A

How well an infant is able to see

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14
Q

Pattern perception

A

Patterns peak interest

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15
Q

Color vision

A

Color differentiation increases throughout the first year; need for experience

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16
Q

Perceptual constancy

A

Sensory stimuli changing but perception of physical world stays the same

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17
Q

Dynamic systems theory

A

Actions are mastered modified remastered modified again based on motivation and ability

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18
Q

Rooting

Stimulation? Response?

A

Cheek stroked/side of mouth

Turns head, begins sucking

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19
Q

Sucking

Stimulation? Response?

A

Object touching mouth

Sucks automatically

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20
Q

Moro

Stimulation? Response?

A

Sudden stimulation

Arched back, flings out arms and legs and then closes them to center of body

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21
Q

Blinking

Stimulation? Response?

A

Flash of light or puff of air

Closes both eyes

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22
Q

Babinski

Stimulation? Response?

A

Sole of foot stroked

Fans out toes and twists foot inward

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23
Q

Grasping

Stimulation? Response?

A

Palms touched

Grasps tightly

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24
Q

Stepping

Stimulation? Response?

A

Infant held above surface and feet lowered to touch surface

Moves feet as if to walk

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25
Q

Tonic neck

Stimulation? Response?

A

Infant placed on back

Turns head to right and forms fists

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26
Q

Specificity of learning (Adolph)

A

Infants who have experience with one mode of locomotion don’t seem to appreciate the dangers in another mode

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27
Q

Piaget stages make a slide for each stage too

A

Sensorimotor
Pre-operational
Concrete operational
Formal operational

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28
Q

Piaget and education

A

Promote intellectual health and exploration, constructivist approach

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29
Q

4 Limitations of stage theory

A

Age distributions
Skill comes with practice
Stages too narrowly defined
Cross cultural sustainability

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30
Q

Vygotsky zone of proximal development

A

Range of tasks that are too difficult for child to master alone but can be learned with guidance from a skilled partner

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31
Q

Scaffolding

A

Adjusting the amount of support provided to a child during any learning situation based on the child’s level of competence and current performance level

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32
Q

Role of language

A

Needed for learning

Thoughts and language intertwined

33
Q

Vygotsky on education

A

Assess child’s ZPD
use peers as teachers
Monitor/encourage child’s use of private speech

34
Q

Information processing theory

A

How much can brain hold and how quickly

Increased processing speed=increased competence in thinking

35
Q

Capacity and speed

A 
Cognitive resources 
Intelligence tests (wechsler intelligence scale for children)
36
Q

4 Mechanisms of change

A

Encoding
Automaticity
Strategy conservation
Meta cognition

37
Q

Encoding

A

Process by which info becomes memory

38
Q

Automaticity

A

Ability to process info with little to no effort

39
Q

Strategy construction

A

Creation of new procedures for processing info

40
Q

Meta cognition

A

Can learn in multiple different ways

41
Q

Selective attention

A

Focusing on what is relevant and ignoring what is not

42
Q

Divided attention

A

Concentrate on more than one activity at a time

43
Q

Sustained attention

A

Ability to maintain attention to stimulus for long periods of time

44
Q

Executive attention

A

Action planning, allocating attention goals

45
Q

Joint attention

A

2 people attending to same object

46
Q

Short term vs long term memory

A

Short term 15-30 secs

Long term permanent

47
Q

Constructing memory 2 theories

A

Schema theory- bum during memories upon memory

Fuzzy time- remembering the gist

48
Q

Organization

A

Strategy of memorization that involves organizing info for better recall

49
Q

Elaboration

A

Engaging in more extensive processing of info in order to memorize; thinking of examples or personal associations

50
Q

Imagery

A

Creating mental images to improve memory

51
Q

Memory for faces: what percentage of the innocence project’s 216 overturned convictions were based on eyewitness testimony in 2008?

A

30%

52
Q

Reconstructive memory

A

Susceptibility to suggestion

Perspective

53
Q

Eye witness testimony

Children are more accurate with which kind

A

Interaction and bystander; better at remembering interaction than bystander

54
Q

Critical thinking

A

Thinking reflectively and productively

55
Q

Mindfulness

A

Alert and mentally present

56
Q

Thinking

A

Manipulating and transforming info into memory

57
Q

Problem solving

A

Use strategies for learning by modeling, explaining or allowing it for practice

58
Q

Theory of mind

A

Awareness of one’s own mental processes and the mental processes of others; understanding intention of others

59
Q

Adolescent brain: Amygdala’s job

A

Emotions

60
Q

When do adult like sleep patterns emerge?

A

Near 6 months

61
Q

SIDS

A

Sudden infant death syndrome

62
Q

Inadequate sleep for adolescents is considered anything less than ____ hours a day

A

8

63
Q

When given the opportunity how long did adolescents sleep on average

A

9.5 hours

64
Q

Perception

A

Interpretation of info received through senses

65
Q

Acuity at birth

A

20/600

66
Q

Adult acuity reached when

A

Around 1 year

67
Q

Occluded objects

A

Objects disappear and reappear but you know they are still there

68
Q

Intermodal perception

A

Integrating info from 2 or more senses

69
Q

3 individual differences in motor development

A

Experience over age
Importance of practice
Sequence of events

70
Q

Sensorimotor stage sub stages

A

Simple reflexes
Primary circular reactions (self)
Secondary circular reactions (self object)
Coordination of SCR (object object)
Tertiary circular reactions (novelty and curiosity)
Internalization of schemes
Concept mastery (a not b error)

71
Q

Violation of expectations

A

Physical property

Math

72
Q

3 characteristics of Pre operational stage

A

Symbolic functions
Egocentrism and animism
Intuitive thought

73
Q

3 Limits of pre-operational thought

A

Centration (children focus on one characteristic more than others)
Conservation
“Because it’s longer it has more”

74
Q

3 characteristics Concrete operational stage

A

Logical concrete reasoning
Awareness of others/perspective taking
Problem solving

75
Q

5 characteristics Formal operational stage

A 
Abstract thought
Creating hypotheses
Future planning
Solving problems
Implement systems
76
Q

Social cognition

A

Attention we share with another person; especially important to children

77
Q

Working memory

A

Ability to manipulate info input of short term and can retrieve info from long term memory

78
Q

_______ ______and _________ _________ case later waking and going to sleep in adolescence

A

Biological clock, hormone melatonin

79
Q

Sensation

A

Info interacts with sensory preceptors

80
Q

Social constructivism
What is it?
Who was it coined by

A

Emphasizes construction of knowledge through social interaction

Vygotsky

81
Q

Cognitive constructivism
What is it
Coined by whom

A

Humans construct their own knowledge through their experiences

Piaget

Child Development (5 decks)

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