Test I Flashcards
psychosocial theory
Theorist?
Description?(8)
Erikson
Trust vs mistrust Autonomy vs shame/doubt Initiative vs guilt Industry vs inferiority Identity vs identity confusion Intimacy vs isolation Generativity vs stagnation Integrity vs despair
Psychosexual development theory
Theorist?
Description?
Freud
Oral stage Anal Phallic Latency Genital
Developmental Stage Theory
Theorist?
Descriptions?
Piaget Sensorimotor Pre operational Concrete operational Formal operational
Ethnological theory
Theorists?
Description?
Lorenz
Bowlby
Behavior influenced by biology
Tied to evolution
Sensitive periods of development
Information processing theory
Theorist?
Description?
Computers
Info comes in, processed, manipulated and acted upon
Does not occur in stages, capacity for info grows
Sociocultural cognitive theory
Theorist?
Description?
Vygotsky
Culture and social interaction guide cognitive development
Development follows child’s potential to learn
Zone of proximal development
Classical conditioning and behaviorism
Who?
Description?
Pavlov
Behaviorism- we can scientifically study only what can be directly observed and measured
CC- neutral stimulus can produce response originally produced by another stimulus
Operant conditioning
Who?
Description?
Skinner
Consequences of behavior produce changed in the probability of the behavior’s occurrence
Social cognitive theory
Who?
Description?
Bandura
Observational learning; we observe and then imitate the behaviors of others
Lorenz and Mother Goose
Critical period: Imprinting- new creatures become attached to the first object seen
Bowlby and Attachment parenting
Success In human development is greatly weighted on whether or not infants experience positive attachment to their caregiver during the critical period
Ecological theory
Who?
Description?
Bronfenbrenner Microsystems Mesosystems Exosystem Macrosystem Chronosystem
Micro systems Mesosystem Exosystems Macrosystem Chronosystems
Where the person lives Relations between Microsystems Links to social systems; no active role but still affected by Culture How system transitions over time
Observations: lab research
2 Benefits
4 Limitations
Controlled environment
Record systematically
Unnatural environment
Participants awareness
Sample not representative
Intimidating
Survey/interview
3 methods
Person to person
Telephone
Internet
Standardized tests
What are they?
Limitations?
Uniform procedures for administration
Predictable, not reliable
Naturalistic observations
1 benefit
1 limitation
Record in context
Difficult to control factors
Case study
What is it
Benefits
Limitations
In depth studies of someone’s life
You can learn alot about a person beyond what can be measured
Rarely multiple opinions
Physiological measures
Blood tests, neuroimaging etc
Experimental designs 5 types and describe each type
Descriptive: observe/record behavior
Correlational: predictive, info about two things, correlational coefficient
Experimental: ind vs dep variables, exp vs control groups
Cross sectional: compare different age groups, change over time
Longitudinal: same group over amount of time, not used often
Informed consent
Participants informed of risks and agree to them
Debriefing
Informed about research
Deception
Cannot be harmful to participants
Gender/cultural bias
Definitions and minimization
Ethnic gloss?
Drawing conclusions based on gender alone
Research should include children from a variety of backgrounds to achieve a representative sample
Using labels in superficial way
Basic structure for life
Cell
Central structure of a cell
Nucleus
Threadlike structures that come in 23 pairs; DNA storage
Chromosomes
Mitosis
Creates one identical cell
Meiosis
Reproductive process; creates 4 cells with half genetic material of parent cells
Cell of a new organism; mothers 23 unpaired chromosome match with fathers 23
Zygote
Genetic makeup
Genotype
Observable characteristics
Phenotype
Diabetes Hemophilia Huntington disease PKU Sickle cell anemia Spina Bifida Tay Sachs disease
Genetic abnormalities
Down syndrome Klinefelter syndrome Fragile X Turner syndrome XYY syndrome
Chromosomal abnormalities
Epigenetic View
Development is result of ongoing, bi directional interchange of heredity and environment
2 Parasites able to control behavior
Rabies
T Gondii
3 stages of pregnancy and descriptions
Germinal- conception/first two weeks, growth of zygote, implants in uterus wall
Embryonic1 2-8 wks, embryo forms, organogenesis
Fetal- 2-9 months, fetus viable at 24-25 wks
Factors that can lead to birth defects
Teratogens
3 teratogenic factors
Dose, susceptibility, time of exposure
Risk factors in pregnancy (6)
Incompatible blood types Environmental hazards Maternal diseases Diet/nutrition Age Stress
