Test III abnormalities of the teeth Flashcards
Fully formed tooth is made of how many tissues? What are they?
enamel, dentin,cementum, pulp. 4
it is a rest of malaise (something that is left over) Something gets left over and triggered to grow. & it starts effecting teeth. It is rare. 80% in mandible with 60% at the angle. loose teeth in the area. multilocular radiolucency. (mini circles on xray) Very destructive with cases reported leading to death
Ameloblastoma
multiple small teeth called BLANK? compltely formed teeth to bizarre malformed teeth. each is enclosed in a fibrous tooth sac. the whole cluster is also enclosed in a fibrous sac.
multiple small teeth are called DENTICLES. the condition is COMPOUND ODONTOMA
slow growing fibrous connective tissue with irregular zones or calcified material which has characteristics of cementum. small radiolucency.
ODONTOGENIC CEMENTOMA OR CEMENTIFYING FIBROMA
where the root canal terminates at an opening called what? The main vessels and nerves of the pulp leave and enter the pulp through this foramen. The pulp needs nutrients because it is alive!
Apical foramen
pain which does not occur spontaneously, is usually initiated by some stimulus such as cold, hot, sweet etc. usually short in duration.
Sensitive tooth ( hyperemia)
disease is acute in nature, but histological appearance of acute inflammation seldom occurs.irreversible pulp damange. pain is poorly localized. LOCALIZED PAIN,HEAT AND COLD NO LONGER ELICIT PAIN, PAIN IS SPONTANEOUS, GENTLE BITING SOMETIMES GIVES RELIEF.
abcess
type of really bad abscess, when infection breaks through the cortical plate.
Cellulitis
closed pulpitis, pulpal inflammation, may flare up from time to time and recede.
chronic pulpitis
a condition in which the pulp tissue is exposed to the oral cavity through a opening in the pulp chamber. most often caused by large carious lesion. Pain is not generally a factor.
Chronic Open pulpitis
area of apical bone destruction is filled with granulation( Connective tissue) the reparative phase predominates over the other phases of the inflammatory process (BONE IS REFILLED)
chronic apical granuloma
the periapical cavity is lined with epithelium. will not heal even if root canal is done because connective tissue cannot infiltrate the cyst, so no granulation tissue with subsequent bone formation can occur
apical cyst
pigmentation from pigments which are produced by the body. These stains discolor the internal portions of the teeth.
INTRINSIC STAIN
most prevalent cause of intrinsic stain.
tetracycline
these drugs bond with the calcium hydroxyapatite and are incorporated into the dentin and enamel of developing teeth. Stains are yellow, gray, brown or even purplish. Should not be administered to pregnant women or children younger than 8
tetracycline
intrinsic staining in developing teeth when ingested in drinking water. when concentration exceeds five parts per million. appears as brown, tan and opaque white areas. Produces mottled enamel
Fluoride (Fluorosis)
intrinsic stain formed from leaking of red blood cells from pulpal vessels and the subsequent breakdown products of those cells entering the dentinal tubules. Results in BLACK TEETH. sometimes due to trauma
blood pigments
pigmentation from pigments which add a layer of stained material to the surface of the tooth.
extrinsic stains
most common type of extrinsic stains?
stained calculus and dental plaque.
stains that come primarily from colored food substances such as coffee, tea, cola, and tobacco products.
Brown stain
stains that are caused by chromogenic bacteria?
brown, green orange, and some black.
chlorhexidine mouth rinse causes what kind of stain?
brown.
failure of the initiation of tooth development results in either complete absence of any teeth or more commonly a partial absence of the dentition.
Complete anodontia
usually involves permanent teeth only. Missing. often results in primary tooth retention
partial anodontia (oligodontia)
what teeth are most often missing in partial anodontia?
at least one third molar in missing 25% population.maxiallary lateral incisors, mandibular second premolar.
when they think that the perm tooth is missing & its not. delayed eruption or impaction can cause.
pseudoanodontia
extra teeth which are most often found in the maxiallary midline, third molar area, and maxillary canine.
supernumerary teeth
extra teeth found in the max midline
mesodens
teeth that can be smaller than normal. most often upper lateral incisors.
microdontia
uncommon usually limited to single teeth. big tooth
macrodontia
when two individual tooth buds join during development.
fusion
a single tooth germ attempts to form two teeth
gemination
invagination of the enamel into a deep groove in the tooth.
dens in dente
a sharp bend in the root of a tooth
dilaceration
an elongation of the mid portion of the tooth and shortened roots
taurodonitism
joining of two teeth roots with cementum union
concrescense
incomplete or defective formation of enamel including incomplete mineralization of calcifying enamel. found in both primary and perm teeth. linera bands that appear white or stained. areas of enamel may be missing resulting in yellow areas.
Enamel hypoplasisa ( CHANGING SHAPE or quality of enamel)
hereditary enamel hypoplasia in which all teeth in both dentition are effected. most if not all enamel is missing
amelogenesis imperfectia
color is a form of enamel hypoplasia. enamel is of normal thickness, but appears as white, chalky, and mottled with a rough and flaking surface.
hypocalcification (COLOR CHANGE)
hereditary disease characterized by excess imperfectly formed dentin deposited in the pulp chamber. PULP CHAMBER OBLITERATED, TEETH VITAL, CONSTRICTION OF THE CEMNTO ENAMEL JUNCTION CREATION A BELL SHAPED CROWN, TEETH MAY BE GRAY OPALESCENT HUE,
dentinogenesis imperfecta
normal wear of biting surfaces by mastication. more pronounced in bruxism and people eating a rough diet
dentin layer is often exposed with subsequent staining. wear patterns are usually SHINY AND FIRM
attrition
the pathologic wearing away of tooth surfaces by mechanical means. abrasive conditions and agents include porcelain in opposition to natural teeth, tooth picks , tooth brushes, hair pins, etc.
abrasion
dissolution of tooth by chemical means or frictional intraoral forces. eroded areas appear hard smooth shiny, often at labial or bucal surfaces.
EROSION
a special case of erosion of the lingual enamel and dentin of the lingual of the upper incisors caused from regurgitation
perimyolysis
blow to teeth resulting in tooth fracture or loss of tooth. anterior teeth more susceptible.
acute physical injury
pressure on teeth causes what
external RESORPTION
inflammation infection previous trauma may lead to? tooth may look like its turning pink
INTERNAL ROOT RESORPTION
in impacted teeth reduced enamel epithelium covers the crown of the eruption tooth does not fuse with the oral epithelium as in normal eruption MOST OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH IMPACTED THIRD MOLARS. usually seen as small cysts on xrays well defined pericoronal radiolucencies.
dentigerous cyst
seen as well defined radiolucencies not directly associated with a tooth. seen in areas of previous tooth extraction. seldom reoccur after removal.
Residual cyst
radiographic appearance mimics other types of odontogenic cysts. may be large, small single or multilocular, slow but persistent growth by epithelial growth not fluid pressure as found in typical cysts.
25% reoccurence rate, HAVE TO BE TOLD BY A PATHOLOGIST
odontogenic keratocyst
how do caries form?
1: plaque, second baterial metabolic products are concentrated on hard tooth surface, third low acid dissolution of the hydroxyapatite crystals and subsequent destruction of the organic enamel.
what bacteria cause enamel caries
streptococcus mutans. they convert food into lactic acid and produces dextrans which form sticky matrix of dental plaque.
