test for gr 9 Flashcards
What are the 5 main ideas of the particle theroy of matter
- All matter is made up of tiny particles that have empty spaces between them.
- Different substances are made of different kinds of particles.
3.Particles are in constant random motion.
- The particles are always moving. The more energy (higher temperature) the particles have, the faster they move.
- There are attractive forces between the particles.
These forces are stronger when the particles are
closer together.
The two catigories of matter
Pure substance and Mixtures
2 catigories of Mixtures and examples
homogeneous mixtures (Made of diffrent things but look the same e.g coffie, steel) and heterogeneous mixtures.(Made of Diffrent things and looks like it e.g cerial, chicken noodle soup)
Heterogenous=Mechaninical mixtues
2 catigories of Pure subtances and examples
elements (Pure carbon, pure gold) and compounds (water(H2O), and Table salt)
Solid to gas
Sublimation
Gas to solid
Deposition
Gas to liquid
Condensation
Liquid to gas
Evaporation
What are phisical properites
– Do NOT change the chemical nature of the
matter
– Can be Qualitative (uses the 5 senses)
– Can be Quantitative (can be measured
and has a numerical value
What are chemical properties
relate to how the substance changes in its
composition.
2 chemical properties
Combustibility: a substance that burns
when exposed to a flame, and Reactivity with acid: metals react with acid to produce a gas
Physical change
In a physical change:
NO NEW SUBSTANCE IS FORMED!
Changes of State (melting, boiling,
freezing, condensation and sublimation)
– Dissolving (Solubility)
– Ripping
– Breaking
– Stretching
e.g
Melting an ice cube.
Boiling water.
Mixing sand and water.
Breaking a glass.
Dissolving sugar and water.
Sublimation of dry ice.
Crumpling a paper bag.
Chemical change
– Changes of State (melting, boiling,
freezing, condensation and sublimation)
– Dissolving (Solubility)
– Ripping
– Breaking
– Stretching
NO NEW MAERIALS ARE MADE
e.g
Burning wood.
Souring milk.
Mixing acid and base.
Digesting food.
Cooking an egg.
Heating sugar to form caramel.
Baking a cake.
Rusting of iron.
Density theroy/formula
D=M/V
M=D*V
V=M/D
Order of Scientists in theyroys of the atom
1) John Dalton proposed the
first atomic theory:
“billiard ball model”
*All matter is made up of
atoms
*Atoms cannot be divided
*All atoms of the same
element are identical
*Atoms of different
elements are different
2)J. J.
Thomson
*Cathode Experiments showed:
*There are negatively charged
particles called electrons, which
have very little mass
*Atoms are neutral
*There has to be something that is
positive with lots of mass
*Positively-charged “soup”
PLUM PUDDING MODEL
3) * Ernest Rutherford proposed:
*The raisin bun model was wrong
*Atoms was mostly made of empty space
*Have a very dense core of protons
called the nucleus
*Proton was 2000 times heavier than
electron
GOLD FOIL EXPEREMENT
4)Along came Niels
Bohr!
*He suggested a
change to
Rutherford’s model
*Electrons are not
“just” outside the
nucleus
*They are circling it
with the right speed
*Similar to planets
orbiting the Sun
NIELS RUTHORFORD MODEL
4.5)?*James Chadwick, in
1932, identified the
uncharged particle in
the nucleus
*Mass almost identical to
proton
*Called neutron
Hardness deffiniton
(measure of resistance of solid to being
scratched or dented),
Colour deffinition
The colour
Odour
(smell),
States
(solid liquid gas),
Crystal Shape
(salt crystals),
Optical clarity
(how a substance transmits light when you look through it),
Taste,
sour sweet bitter
Malleability
(a solid that can be hammered or bent into different shapes
Ex: Aluminum),
Ductility
( a solid that can be pulled into wires Copper),
Melting/boiling points,
The point at which a substance boils
Solubility
(ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent such as water)
Viscosity
(how easily a liquid flows (thicker liquid is more viscous)),
Density
how much heavier the particles of one substance are over another Ex: marble is more
dense than lucky charm),
How many phisical properites are there and what are they
There are 13
1)Hardness,
Colour,
Odour(smell),
States(solid liquid gas),
Crystal Shape (salt crystals),
Optical clarity(how a substance transmits light when you look through it),
Taste,
Malleability(a solid that can be hammered or bent into different shapes Ex: Aluminum),
Ductility( a solid that can be pulled into wires Copper),
Melting/boiling points,
Solubility(ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent such as water),
Viscosity (how easily a liquid flows (thicker liquid is more viscous)),
Density(how much heavier the particles of one substance are over another Ex: marble is more dense than lucky charm),
What are groups and periods
Groups are the columns and have the same amount of electrons in their valence shells. (Same groups usually have the simmilar properties)
Periods are the horizontal rows.
What is Dimitri Mendeleev’s law
Elements arranged according to the value of their atomic weights present a clear periodicity of properties.
Where are the metals located
To the left of the stair case (exept for hydrogen)
Where are the non metals located
To the right of the stair case
Where are metalloids located
Adjacent to the staircase/ on the staircase
Where are the halogens located
In group 7a or 17 on the right next to the noble gasses
Where are the Alkali metals located
The leftmost group
Where are the Alkaline earth metals located
Group 2 or just right of the Alkali metals
Where are the transtion metals located
In the middle, Starting in group 3 and ending in group 12.
