test for gr 9

Question 1

What are the 5 main ideas of the particle theroy of matter

Answer 1

1. All matter is made up of tiny particles that have empty spaces between them.
2. Different substances are made of different kinds of particles.

3.Particles are in constant random motion.

4. The particles are always moving. The more energy (higher temperature) the particles have, the faster they move.
5. There are attractive forces between the particles.
   These forces are stronger when the particles are
   closer together.

Question 2

The two catigories of matter

Answer 2

Pure substance and Mixtures

Question 3

2 catigories of Mixtures and examples

Answer 3

homogeneous mixtures (Made of diffrent things but look the same e.g coffie, steel) and heterogeneous mixtures.(Made of Diffrent things and looks like it e.g cerial, chicken noodle soup)
Heterogenous=Mechaninical mixtues

Question 4

2 catigories of Pure subtances and examples

Answer 4

elements (Pure carbon, pure gold) and compounds (water(H2O), and Table salt)

Question 5

Solid to gas

Answer 5

Sublimation

Question 6

Gas to solid

Answer 6

Deposition

Question 7

Gas to liquid

Answer 7

Condensation

Question 8

Liquid to gas

Answer 8

Evaporation

Question 9

What are phisical properites

Answer 9

– Do NOT change the chemical nature of the
matter
– Can be Qualitative (uses the 5 senses)
– Can be Quantitative (can be measured
and has a numerical value

Question 10

What are chemical properties

Answer 10

relate to how the substance changes in its
composition.

Question 11

2 chemical properties

Answer 11

Combustibility: a substance that burns
when exposed to a flame, and Reactivity with acid: metals react with acid to produce a gas

Question 12

Physical change

Answer 12

In a physical change:
NO NEW SUBSTANCE IS FORMED!
Changes of State (melting, boiling,
freezing, condensation and sublimation)
– Dissolving (Solubility)
– Ripping
– Breaking
– Stretching
e.g
Melting an ice cube.
Boiling water.
Mixing sand and water.
Breaking a glass.
Dissolving sugar and water.
Sublimation of dry ice.
Crumpling a paper bag.

Question 13

Chemical change

Answer 13

– Changes of State (melting, boiling,
freezing, condensation and sublimation)
– Dissolving (Solubility)
– Ripping
– Breaking
– Stretching
NO NEW MAERIALS ARE MADE
e.g
Burning wood.
Souring milk.
Mixing acid and base.
Digesting food.
Cooking an egg.
Heating sugar to form caramel.
Baking a cake.
Rusting of iron.

Question 14

Density theroy/formula

Answer 14

D=M/V
M=D*V
V=M/D

Question 15

Order of Scientists in theyroys of the atom

Answer 15

1) John Dalton proposed the
first atomic theory:
“billiard ball model”
*All matter is made up of
atoms
*Atoms cannot be divided
*All atoms of the same
element are identical
*Atoms of different
elements are different

2)J. J.
Thomson
*Cathode Experiments showed:
*There are negatively charged
particles called electrons, which
have very little mass
*Atoms are neutral
*There has to be something that is
positive with lots of mass
*Positively-charged “soup”
PLUM PUDDING MODEL

3) * Ernest Rutherford proposed:
*The raisin bun model was wrong
*Atoms was mostly made of empty space
*Have a very dense core of protons
called the nucleus
*Proton was 2000 times heavier than
electron
GOLD FOIL EXPEREMENT

4)Along came Niels
Bohr!
*He suggested a
change to
Rutherford’s model
*Electrons are not
“just” outside the
nucleus
*They are circling it
with the right speed
*Similar to planets
orbiting the Sun

NIELS RUTHORFORD MODEL

4.5)?*James Chadwick, in
1932, identified the
uncharged particle in
the nucleus
*Mass almost identical to
proton
*Called neutron

Question 16

Hardness deffiniton

Answer 16

(measure of resistance of solid to being
scratched or dented),

Question 17

Colour deffinition

Answer 17

The colour

Question 18

Odour

Answer 18

(smell),

Question 19

States

Answer 19

(solid liquid gas),

Question 20

Crystal Shape

Answer 20

(salt crystals),

Question 21

Optical clarity

Answer 21

(how a substance transmits light when you look through it),

Question 22

Taste,

Answer 22

sour sweet bitter

Question 23

Malleability

Answer 23

(a solid that can be hammered or bent into different shapes
Ex: Aluminum),

Question 24

Ductility

Answer 24

( a solid that can be pulled into wires Copper),

Question 25

Melting/boiling points,

Answer 25

The point at which a substance boils

Question 26

Solubility

Answer 26

(ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent such as water)

Question 27

Viscosity

Answer 27

(how easily a liquid flows (thicker liquid is more viscous)),

Question 28

Density

Answer 28

how much heavier the particles of one substance are over another Ex: marble is more
dense than lucky charm),

Question 29

How many phisical properites are there and what are they

Answer 29

There are 13
1)Hardness,

Colour,

Odour(smell),

States(solid liquid gas),

Crystal Shape (salt crystals),

Optical clarity(how a substance transmits light when you look through it),

Taste,

Malleability(a solid that can be hammered or bent into different shapes Ex: Aluminum),

Ductility( a solid that can be pulled into wires Copper),

Melting/boiling points,

Solubility(ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent such as water),

Viscosity (how easily a liquid flows (thicker liquid is more viscous)),

Density(how much heavier the particles of one substance are over another Ex: marble is more dense than lucky charm),

Question 30

What are groups and periods

Answer 30

Groups are the columns and have the same amount of electrons in their valence shells. (Same groups usually have the simmilar properties)

Periods are the horizontal rows.

Question 31

What is Dimitri Mendeleev’s law

Answer 31

Elements arranged according to the value of their atomic weights present a clear periodicity of properties.

Question 32

Where are the metals located

Answer 32

To the left of the stair case (exept for hydrogen)

Question 33

Where are the non metals located

Answer 33

To the right of the stair case

Question 34

Where are metalloids located

Answer 34

Adjacent to the staircase/ on the staircase

Question 35

Where are the halogens located

Answer 35

In group 7a or 17 on the right next to the noble gasses

Question 36

Where are the Alkali metals located

Answer 36

The leftmost group

Question 37

Where are the Alkaline earth metals located

Answer 37

Group 2 or just right of the Alkali metals

Question 38

Where are the transtion metals located

Answer 38

In the middle, Starting in group 3 and ending in group 12.