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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere meanings

A

Biosphere is composed of all living organisms. (Animals, Plants, Bacteria)

Lithosphere is composed of the rocky crust (inorganic minerals) cobering the entire planet. (Mountains, soil)

Hydrosphere is composed of all the water on or near earth.(Oceans, rivers, moisture in the air)

Atmosphere is composed of the air that surrounds our planet (nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide.)

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2
Q

What are the 5 characteristics of Life?

A

1) Made up of Cells
2) Contain Nucleic Acids
3) Has Metabolism (aka cellular respiration
4) Performs Homeostasis (regulates its internal
environment)
5) Reproduces

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3
Q

Species meaning

A

Species is a group of organisms so
similar to one another that they can
breed.

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4
Q

Population meaning

A

Population are groups of individuals
that belong to the same species and
live in the same area.

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5
Q

Community meaning

A

Community includes all the different
species that live in the same area.

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6
Q

Ecosystem meaning

A

Ecosystem includes both the
community and the abiotic factors.

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7
Q

Biome meaning

A

Biome is a group of ecosystems that
have the same climate and similar
dominant communities.

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8
Q

Abiotic deffintion

A

physical rather than biological; not derived from living organisms. i.e rocks water wind

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9
Q

Biotic deffinition

A

Relating to or resulting from living things. i.e animals, alimal fecies, dead bodies.

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10
Q

Habitat vs Niche

A

Habitat: physical environment or
home of the organism
Ex:
Frog’s habitat → rainforest
Your habitat → City of Mississauga
Lion’s habitat → jungle
Worm’s habitat → underground

Niche: the purpose, role and interactions
of an organism within its habitat
Ex:
 Frog’s niche → jump around, catch and
eat flies, reproduce, hunted by snake
 Your niche → get educated, get a job,
have a family
 Lion’s niche → catch and kill prey,
reproduce, laze around
Worm’s niche → dig burrows, crawl slowly,
reproduce, come above ground on rainy
days

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11
Q

What % of energy gets tansferd per trophic level

A

10% is transferd 90% is used up by motabilizim.

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12
Q

Trophic level vs consumer

A

5th trophic level = Quaternary Consumer
4th trophic level = Tertiary consumer
3rd trophic level = Secondary consumer
2nd trophic level = primary consumer
1st trophic level = producer

(You can be multiple trophic levels.)

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13
Q

What are the 3 types of pyramids

A
  1. Pyramid of Energy total energy flow
  2. Pyramid of Biomass dry mass (water removed)
    of food available at each level
  3. Pyramid of Numbers
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14
Q

Energy pyramids

A

Bottom always biggest, top always smallest.

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15
Q

Pyramid of Biomass

A

Bottom bigger than top
represents the mass of the animals without the water.

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16
Q

Pyamid of Numbers

A

Can be big or small anywhere
repersents the population. i.e 1 tree.

17
Q

Organization and Hierarchy relating to life

A

Specific to least specific

Species, popultaion, community, ecosystem, biome

18
Q

Predation meaning

A

A predator is any consumer that
KILLS AND EATS another living
organism in order to obtain
energy. The organism being
eaten is called the PREY

  • Examples: Lion (predator) and
    Zebra (prey)
19
Q

Competition meaning

A

When different species are competing for same
resources (food/living space etc..)

*Example: Fox and coyotes both feed on mice and
rabbit (competition for food)

20
Q

Predator-Prey

A

One individual feeds on another
e.g. fox and rabbit

21
Q

3 types of Symbiosis

A

Mutualism
* + / + relationship
*Where both organisms benefit
from the relationship
* Example: bees & flowers

Commensalism
*+/Neutral relationship
*Where one organism
benefits and the other is
unaffected (neither
harmed nor benefited)
*Example: Whales and
Barnacles

Parasitism
* +/- relationship
* Parasites exploit their hosts for
resources necessary for their
survival
* Where one benefits and the other
is harmed/at a disadvantage
* Example: head lice (benefits) and
human (harmed)
* Ex. tapeworms, ticks, fleas

22
Q

What is phototsynthesis

A

carbon dioxide + water + light —> glucose + oxygen
Takes place in a part of a plant cell called the
CHLOROPLAST. The chloroplast contains chlorophyll
(a green pigment) that absorbs sunlight

23
Q

What is cellular respiration

A

Cellular respiration consumes glucose and requires
OXYGEN
*produces CARBON DIOXIDE and WATER and energy in
the form of ATP

“The process of respiration is opposite to
photosynthesis”

It occurs BOTH DAY AND NIGHT because energy is always
required any time of day

24
Q

Formulas and how to balance them

A

Photosynthesis formula
carbon dioxide + water + light —> glucose + oxygen

Balance by making both sides equal in number

25
Q

What is carrying capacity

A

Carrying capacity can be defined as a species’ average population size in a particular habitat. The species population size is limited by environmental factors like adequate food, shelter, water, and mates. If these needs are not met, the population will decrease until the resource rebounds.

26
Q

What is bioaccumulation

A

It is the concentration of a
substance, such as a pesticide, in the body of ONE
organism.

27
Q

What is biomagnification or bioamplification

A

It is the increase in concentration of
a substance, such as a pesticide, as it moves
higher up in the food web.

28
Q

What are algae blooms

A

algae blooms happen because of to much P and
N compounds in the water. This condition is called
“eutrophication” which is basicly when the water doesn’t have any more oxygen leading to death of organisms such as fish.

29
Q

What are the 3 types of nutrient cycles

A

Water Cycle, Carbon cycle and Nitrogen Cycle

30
Q

what are the 3 types of human impact on aquatic ecosystems

A

phisical ex got water in a stream

chemical ex toxic waste

biological ex introduction to invasive species

31
Q

eutrophic meaning

A

water rich in nutrients

32
Q

Oligotrophic

A

body of water with low neuterents

33
Q

turbidity

A

clarity of water

science (5 decks)

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