bn Flashcards
lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere meanings
Biosphere is composed of all living organisms. (Animals, Plants, Bacteria)
Lithosphere is composed of the rocky crust (inorganic minerals) cobering the entire planet. (Mountains, soil)
Hydrosphere is composed of all the water on or near earth.(Oceans, rivers, moisture in the air)
Atmosphere is composed of the air that surrounds our planet (nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide.)
What are the 5 characteristics of Life?
1) Made up of Cells
2) Contain Nucleic Acids
3) Has Metabolism (aka cellular respiration
4) Performs Homeostasis (regulates its internal
environment)
5) Reproduces
Species meaning
Species is a group of organisms so
similar to one another that they can
breed.
Population meaning
Population are groups of individuals
that belong to the same species and
live in the same area.
Community meaning
Community includes all the different
species that live in the same area.
Ecosystem meaning
Ecosystem includes both the
community and the abiotic factors.
Biome meaning
Biome is a group of ecosystems that
have the same climate and similar
dominant communities.
Abiotic deffintion
physical rather than biological; not derived from living organisms. i.e rocks water wind
Biotic deffinition
Relating to or resulting from living things. i.e animals, alimal fecies, dead bodies.
Habitat vs Niche
Habitat: physical environment or
home of the organism
Ex:
Frog’s habitat → rainforest
Your habitat → City of Mississauga
Lion’s habitat → jungle
Worm’s habitat → underground
Niche: the purpose, role and interactions
of an organism within its habitat
Ex:
Frog’s niche → jump around, catch and
eat flies, reproduce, hunted by snake
Your niche → get educated, get a job,
have a family
Lion’s niche → catch and kill prey,
reproduce, laze around
Worm’s niche → dig burrows, crawl slowly,
reproduce, come above ground on rainy
days
What % of energy gets tansferd per trophic level
10% is transferd 90% is used up by motabilizim.
Trophic level vs consumer
5th trophic level = Quaternary Consumer
4th trophic level = Tertiary consumer
3rd trophic level = Secondary consumer
2nd trophic level = primary consumer
1st trophic level = producer
(You can be multiple trophic levels.)
What are the 3 types of pyramids
- Pyramid of Energy total energy flow
- Pyramid of Biomass dry mass (water removed)
of food available at each level - Pyramid of Numbers
Energy pyramids
Bottom always biggest, top always smallest.
Pyramid of Biomass
Bottom bigger than top
represents the mass of the animals without the water.
Pyamid of Numbers
Can be big or small anywhere
repersents the population. i.e 1 tree.
Organization and Hierarchy relating to life
Specific to least specific
Species, popultaion, community, ecosystem, biome
Predation meaning
A predator is any consumer that
KILLS AND EATS another living
organism in order to obtain
energy. The organism being
eaten is called the PREY
- Examples: Lion (predator) and
Zebra (prey)
Competition meaning
When different species are competing for same
resources (food/living space etc..)
*Example: Fox and coyotes both feed on mice and
rabbit (competition for food)
Predator-Prey
One individual feeds on another
e.g. fox and rabbit
3 types of Symbiosis
Mutualism
* + / + relationship
*Where both organisms benefit
from the relationship
* Example: bees & flowers
Commensalism
*+/Neutral relationship
*Where one organism
benefits and the other is
unaffected (neither
harmed nor benefited)
*Example: Whales and
Barnacles
Parasitism
* +/- relationship
* Parasites exploit their hosts for
resources necessary for their
survival
* Where one benefits and the other
is harmed/at a disadvantage
* Example: head lice (benefits) and
human (harmed)
* Ex. tapeworms, ticks, fleas
What is phototsynthesis
carbon dioxide + water + light —> glucose + oxygen
Takes place in a part of a plant cell called the
CHLOROPLAST. The chloroplast contains chlorophyll
(a green pigment) that absorbs sunlight
What is cellular respiration
Cellular respiration consumes glucose and requires
OXYGEN
*produces CARBON DIOXIDE and WATER and energy in
the form of ATP
“The process of respiration is opposite to
photosynthesis”
It occurs BOTH DAY AND NIGHT because energy is always
required any time of day
Formulas and how to balance them
Photosynthesis formula
carbon dioxide + water + light —> glucose + oxygen
Balance by making both sides equal in number
What is carrying capacity
Carrying capacity can be defined as a species’ average population size in a particular habitat. The species population size is limited by environmental factors like adequate food, shelter, water, and mates. If these needs are not met, the population will decrease until the resource rebounds.
What is bioaccumulation
It is the concentration of a
substance, such as a pesticide, in the body of ONE
organism.
What is biomagnification or bioamplification
It is the increase in concentration of
a substance, such as a pesticide, as it moves
higher up in the food web.
What are algae blooms
algae blooms happen because of to much P and
N compounds in the water. This condition is called
“eutrophication” which is basicly when the water doesn’t have any more oxygen leading to death of organisms such as fish.
What are the 3 types of nutrient cycles
Water Cycle, Carbon cycle and Nitrogen Cycle
what are the 3 types of human impact on aquatic ecosystems
phisical ex got water in a stream
chemical ex toxic waste
biological ex introduction to invasive species
eutrophic meaning
water rich in nutrients
Oligotrophic
body of water with low neuterents
turbidity
clarity of water
