gr 10 test cells/microscope bio test

Question 1

eyepiece (ocular lens)

Answer 1

the lens that you look through with your eye and it also magnifies by 10X

Question 2

Objective Lenses: Low, Medium and High Power

Answer 2

the second lens that magnify by 4X, 10X or 40X (the first lens is the eyepiece)

Question 3

stage

Answer 3

slides are placed on this platform/
it supports the specimen being viewed

Question 4

arm

Answer 4

used to transport the microscope and holds th eeyepice

Question 5

coarse adjustment knob

Answer 5

big knob that moves stage up and down to help you focus

NEVER use this when viewing on high power

Question 6

fine adjustment knob

Answer 6

small knob that moves the stage up and down to help you sharply focus (your eyes cannot pick up the stage moving, but it’s moving!)

Question 7

stage clips

Answer 7

used to keep the slide in place on the stage

Question 8

nose piece

Answer 8

Is the thing that holds the objective lenses

Question 9

base

Answer 9

the bottom of the microscope,
used to safely transport the microscope

Question 10

diaphragm

Answer 10

Knob where the light shines can adjust the amount of light passing through the slide

Question 11

total magnification

Answer 11

The power of a microscope, found by multiplying the power of the eyepiece by the power of the objective lens.

Question 12

slide

Answer 12

rectangular glass plate on which the specimen is mounted

Question 13

field-of-view

Answer 13

The circle that you see when you look through the microscope. Higher magnification = smaller F.O.V. in mm or µm

Question 14

cover slip

Answer 14

goes on top of the slide to from a wet mount slide

Question 15

Nucleus

Answer 15

Only in Eukaryotic cells. Contains the cell’s DNA and controls the cell’s activities. Sometimes called the “brain” of the cell.

Question 16

Prokaryotes

Answer 16

Cells without a nucleus and without complex organelles

Question 17

Eukaryotes

Answer 17

Cells with a nucleus and with complex organelles

Question 18

organelle

Answer 18

A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell

Question 19

DNA

Answer 19

the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes. Found inside the nucleus.

Question 20

Unicellular

Answer 20

single-celled organisms like bacteria

Question 21

3 rules of cell theory

Answer 21

1) all living things are made up of cells
2) Cells are the basic units of strucure and function in living things (smallest living things)
3) All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

Question 22

Mitochondria

Answer 22

“Powerhouse” or “Energy producer”; makes ATP through cell respiration

Question 23

Vesicles

Answer 23

Like vacoucles for animal cells. More of them and smaller in animal cells

Question 24

Vacuole

Answer 24

“warehouse,” stores food, water, waste; larger in plant cells

Question 25

Lysosome

Answer 25

An organelle containing digestive enzymes. Helps with the breakdown of many different substances. Recycles and trashes old worn out parts etc Waste disposal

Question 26

Ribosome

Answer 26

Makes/synthisysing protiens

Question 27

Golgi body

Answer 27

Membrane-bound structure with a single membrane. It packages proteins for transport in the cell. Post office or Fed ex!

Question 28

Cytoskeleton

Answer 28

A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement

Question 29

Cell Wall

Answer 29

Gives support and protection to cell; made of cellulose in plants.

Question 30

Cell Membrane

Answer 30

"Border control", controls what comes in and out of the cell; maintains homeostasis; all cell types

Question 31

Chloroplasts

Answer 31

Where photosynthesis occurs; in plant cells only

Question 32

Cytoplasm

Answer 32

Jelly-like substance the cell organelles float in

Question 33

Nucleolus

Answer 33

A ribosome making organelle, found in the nucleus.

Question 34

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 34

Continuation of the outer nuclear membrane, responsible for production of hormones and other secretory products. Considered a highway for the cell.

Question 35

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 35

Ribosomes are attached to the surface of this endoplasmic reticulum. It is responsible for sending proteins to the Golgi body.

Question 36

What is interphase

Answer 36

First stage Baiscly when the cell is normal

Question 37

What is mitosis

Answer 37

Second stage 4 stages Prophase:Chromosomes condense Metaphase: Chromosomes line up in the middle Anaphase: Spindle fibres pull them to diffrent sides Telophase: Cell streches and has 2 nueclei

Question 38

What is cytokinesis

Answer 38

Final stage Cell is connected in the middle about to split has somehting where it is gonna split is called cleavage furrow

Question 39

What is a zygote

Answer 39

When an egg and sperm cell come together during fertilization, they create a single cell that contains enough DNA for a multicellular specimen to survive whcih is called a zygote

Question 40

How do zygotes develop

Answer 40

The zygote cell will grow and develop through the stages of he cell cycle, eventually creating a ball of duplicated cells called a blastocyst Note: all of the cells in the blastula mitosis and therefore have the exact same DNA. This is called a blastocyst

Question 41

How do blastocyst's change

Answer 41

Over time the cells within the blastocyst will start to differentiate because their environmental conditions will differ.

Question 42

Cell differentiation vs Cell specialization

Answer 42

Cell Differentiation: When cells become physically different from one another E.g. sperm cells have a flagella to help them move and lots of mitochondria for energy. APERANCE CHANGES Cell Specialization: When cells carry out specific functions E.g. the sperm cell has the ability to move using the flagella in order to fertilize the egg cell. HOW THEY USE THE APERANCE CHANGE

Question 43

What are the Types of specialized and differentation cells

Answer 43

Red blood cell Differentiation: Contains protein and has a bowl shape which enables a higher surface area Specialization: Carries oxygen through the blood by allowing oxygen to bind to the hemoglobin Muscle Cell Differentiation: Contain a lot of mitochondria which produces a lot of energy Specialization: Contract in order to pull and release bones for movement Nerve Cells Differentiation: Contain a high concentration of salt which allows electrical charges to travel along them long and thin so span long distances Specialization: Conduct electrical impulses for communication

Question 44

What are stem cells

Answer 44

Cells that are not specialized and can become specialized for a particular need

Question 45

What are the 3 types of stem cells

Answer 45

Embryonic stem cells: Found within inner cells of a blastocyst during embryo development before cells specialize required embryos to be destroyed. Adult stem cells: Undifferentiated body cells found throughout the human body Are used in the human body for growth and to regenerate cells that are damaged Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells : Adult body cells that are reprogramed for a different purpose. New process may cause cancer

Question 46

Centrioles

Answer 46

Two barrel or rod shaped organelles that make microtubules or the spindle for cell division.