Test 7: Review B Flashcards
he ratio of the energy of a photon to its frequency is
A) the photon’s wavelength.
B) Planck’s constant.
C) pi.
D) the photon’s speed.
E) not known.
b. Plancks constant
A quantum of light is called a
A) electron.
B) proton.
C) neutron.
D) none of these
d. None of these
Which of the following photons has the greatest energy?
A) red light
B) blue light
C) ultraviolet
D) infrared
c. Blue light
The photoelectric effect best demonstrates the
A) wave nature of light.
B) particle nature of light.
C) both
D) none of these
b. Particle nature of light
Light behaves primarily as a wave when it
A) interacts with matter.
B) travels from one place to another.
b. Travels from one place to another
Two beams of light, a red beam and a blue beam, have the same energy. The beam with the greater number of photons is the
A) blue beam.
B) red beam.
C) both the same
b. Red beam
Quantum uncertainties are most predominant for simultaneously measuring the speed and location of
A) a baseball.
B) an electron.
b. An electron
Two photons have the same wavelength. They also have the same
A) frequency.
B) energy.
C) both
D) neither of these
c. Both
When a clean surface of potassium metal is exposed to blue light, electrons are emitted. If the intensity of the blue light is increased, which of the following will also increase?
A) the threshold frequency of the ejected electrons
B) the time lag between the absorption of blue light and the start of emission of the electrons
C) the maximum kinetic energy of the ejected electrons
D) the number of electrons ejected per second
E) none of these
D) the number of electrons ejected per second
An electron and a proton are traveling at the same speed. Which has the longer wavelength?
A) the proton
B) the electron
C) Both have the same wavelength.
b. The electron
A radiation detector measures the radioactivity of a piece of radium by catching and counting alpha particles it emits. According to quantum physics, making this measurement affects the
A) radiation rate of the piece of radium.
B) alpha particles that are caught.
C) both
D) neither of these
b. Alpha particles that are caught
Which of the following are conserved when a photon collides with an electron?
A) momentum and energy
B) momentum and velocity
C) energy and velocity
D) momentum, energy, and velocity
a. Momentum and energy
Quantization of electron energy states in an atom is better understood in terms of the electron’s
A) wave nature.
B) particle nature.
C) neither of these
a. Wave nature
A beam of electrons has
A) wave properties.
B) particle properties.
C) both
D) neither of these
c. Both
Heavy atoms are not appreciably larger in size than light atoms because the nuclei of heavy atoms have more
A) nucleons.
B) electric charge.
C) mass.
D) all of these
E) none of these
b. Electric charge
Most alpha particles fired at a gold foil pass through undeflected because the
A) net charge of the gold atoms is zero.
B) gold atoms, unlike most other metal atoms, are relatively far apart.
C) electric field is zero inside the gold.
D) atoms of gold, like any others, are mostly empty space.
E) none of these
D) atoms of gold, like any others, are mostly empty space.
A new theory conforms to the correspondence principle when it
A) accounts for verified results of the old theory.
B) updates the essence of the old theory.
C) ties two or more theories together.
D) corresponds to all theories in nature.
E) none of these
A) accounts for verified results of the old theory.
Orbital electrons do not spiral into the nucleus because of
A) the large nuclear size compared to the electron’s size.
B) angular momentum conservation.
C) the wave nature of the electron.
D) electromagnetic forces.
E) none of these
C) the wave nature of the electron.
The electrical force between an inner electron and the nucleus of an atom is larger for atoms of
A) high atomic number.
B) low atomic number.
C) the same for both
a. High atomic number
The quantum-mechanical probability cloud for the electron in the hydrogen atom has an average radius
A) quite different from the radius predicted by Bohr.
B) that agrees with the orbital radius of Bohr.
b. That agrees with the orbital radius of Bohr
Compared to the wavelengths of visible light, the wavelengths of matter waves are relatively
A) small.
B) large.
a. Small
X-rays may be regarded as
A) high frequency sound waves.
B) high frequency radio waves.
C) both
D) none of these
b. High frequency radio waves
Which radiation has no electric charge associated with it?
A) gamma rays
B) beta rays
C) alpha rays
D) all of these
E) none of these
a. Gamma rays
A nucleon is either
A) a proton or a neutron.
B) a proton or an electron.
C) a neutron or an electron.
D) a positron or an electron.
a. A proton or a neutron
Once an alpha particle is outside the nucleus it is
A) free to wander about the nucleus.
B) quickly bound to a neighboring nucleus.
C) radioactive.
D) electrostatically repelled.
d. Electrostatically repelled
An atom with an imbalance of electrons to protons is
A) a baryon.
B) an ion.
C) a hadron.
D) an isotope.
E) none of these
B. An ion
Different isotopes of an element have different numbers of
A) neutrons.
B) protons.
C) hadrons.
D) photons.
E) none of these
a. Neutrons
Electric forces within an atomic nucleus tend to
A) hold it together.
B) push it apart.
C) neither of these
b. Push it apart
The half-life on an isotope is one day. At the end of three days, how much of the isotope remains?
A) one-half
B) none
C) one-quarter
D) one-eighth
E) none of these
d. One eighth
When an alpha particle is ejected from a nucleus, the nucleus then has less
A) mass.
B) charge.
C) both
D) neither of these
c. Both
When a beta particle is ejected from a nucleus, the nucleus then has slightly
A) smaller charge and significantly greater mass.
B) greater mass and charge.
C) smaller mass and significantly greater charge.
D) greater mass and smaller charge.
C) smaller mass and significantly greater charge.
The origin of cosmic rays is the
A) clouds.
B) sun.
C) cosmos.
D) Earth.
E) none of these
c. Cosmos
Which of the following isotopes is radioactive?
A) Carbon-14
B) Carbon-12
C) Both are radioactive.
D) Neither is radioactive in nature.
a. Carbon 14
The source of the Earth’s natural heat is
A) molten-hot lava.
B) solar energy in the form of fossil fuels.
C) pressure on the Earth’s core.
D) radioactive decay in the Earth’s core.
d. Radioactive decay in the earth’s core
Most of the radioactivity we personally encounter comes from
A) nuclear power plants.
B) fallout from past and present testing of nuclear weapons.
C) the natural environment.
D) medical X rays.
c. The natural environment
Which body is heated in its interior by nuclear processes?
A) the Earth
B) the sun
C) both
D) neither
c. Both
Which experiences the greatest electrical force in an electric field?
A) alpha particle
B) gamma ray
C) electron
D) beta particle
E) All experience the same force
a. Alpha particle
The half-life of carbon 14 is 5730 years. If a 1-gram sample of old carbon is 1/8 as radioactive as 1-gram of a current sample, then the age of the old sample is about
A) 716 years.
B) 22,900 years.
C) 11,500 years.
D) 46,000 years.
E) 17,200 years.
e. 17,200 years
Uranium-235, uranium-238 and uranium-239 are different
A) isotopes.
B) elements.
C) ions.
D) none of these
a. Isotopes
Compared to the mass of a uranium nucleus before splitting, the pieces it splits into have
A) less mass.
B) the same mass.
C) more mass.
a. Less mass
The most abundant element in the universe is
A) helium.
B) lead.
C) uranium.
D) hydrogen.
E) americanium.
d. Hydrogen
In the fissioning of uranium, a chain reaction is caused by
A) the conversion of mass to energy.
B) the enormous energy release.
C) the kinetic energy of the decay products.
D) ejected neutrons.
E) none of these
d. Ejected neutrons
When a lump of uranium is broken into smaller pieces, the total surface area of the lump
A) increases.
B) remains the same.
C) decreases.
a. Increases
A nucleon has more mass when it is
A) inside the nucleus.
B) outside the nucleus.
C) both the same
b. Outside the nucleus
A nucleon has the least mass in the nucleus of
A) iron.
B) plutonium.
C) hydrogen.
D) lead.
E) uranium.
a. Iron
In both fission and fusion, mass
A) converts into kinetic energy.
B) is created from energy of other forms.
C) remains the same.
a. Coverts into kinetic energy
Energy released by the sun results from the process wherein atomic nuclei
A) combine.
B) break apart.
C) both
D) none of these
a. Combine
Plutonium is not found in any appreciable amounts in natural ore deposits because it
A) is a gas at room temperature.
B) has a short half-life.
C) is chemically inert.
D) none of these
b. Has a short half life
Fusing two helium nuclei yields a net
A) absorption of energy.
B) release of energy.
C) neither absorption nor release of energy
b release of energy
Fusing two iron nuclei yields a net
A) absorption of energy.
B) release of energy.
C) neither absorption nor release of energy
a. Absorption of energy
