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Physics > Test 7: Review A > Flashcards

Test 7: Review A Flashcards

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1
Q

Which has more energy per photon?
A) blue light
B) red light
C) Both have the same energy.

A

A. Blue light

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2
Q

In the photoelectric effect, the greater the frequency of the illuminating light, the greater the
A) number of ejected electrons.
B) maximum velocity of ejected electrons.
C) both
D) neither of these

A

b. Maximum velocity of ejected electrons

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3
Q

The ratio of a photon’s energy to its frequency is
A) its wavelength.
B) its speed.
C) its amplitude.
D) Planck’s constant.
E) none of these

A

d. Planck’s constant

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3
Q

Light behaves primarily as a particle when it
A) interacts with matter.
B) travels from one place to another.

A

a. Interacts with matter

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4
Q

In the double-slit experiment with electrons, the electrons arrive at the screen in a
A) wave-like way with a pattern that is particle-like.
B) wave-like way with a pattern that is wave-like.
C) particle-like way with a pattern that is particle-like.
D) particle-like way with a pattern that is wave-like.

A

d. Particle like way with a pattern that is wave like .

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5
Q

The uncertainty principle applies not only to momentum and position, but also to energy and time. This statement is
A) true.
B) false.

A

a. True

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6
Q

According to the uncertainty principle, the more we know about a particle’s momentum, the less we know about its
A) kinetic energy.
B) location.
C) mass
D) speed.
E) none of these

A

b. Location

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7
Q

According to quantum physics, looking at a star through a telescope
A) affects the processes occurring in the star.
B) has no effect on the processes occurring in the star.

A

b. Has no effect on the processes occurring in the star

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8
Q

When a clean surface of potassium metal is exposed to blue light, electrons are emitted. If the intensity of the blue light is increased, which of the following will also increase?
A) the number of electrons ejected per second
B) the maximum kinetic energy of the ejected electrons
C) the time lag between the absorption of blue light and the start of emission of the electrons
D) the threshold frequency of the ejected electrons
E) none of these

A

a. The number of electrons ejected per second

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9
Q

An electron and a baseball move at the same speed. Which has the longer wavelength?
A) the electron
B) the baseball
C) Both have the same wavelength.

A

a. The electron

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9
Q

If a proton and an electron have identical momenta, the longer wavelength belongs to the
A) proton.
B) electron.
C) both the same

A

c. Both the same

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10
Q

An electron and a proton are traveling at the same speed. Which has the longer wavelength?
A) the proton
B) the electron
C) Both have the same wavelength.

A

b. The electron

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11
Q

A radiation detector measures the radioactivity of a piece of radium by catching and counting alpha particles it emits. According to quantum physics, making this measurement affects the
A) alpha particles that are caught.
B) radiation rate of the piece of radium.
C) both
D) neither of these

A

a. Alpha particles that are caught

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12
Q

An excited hydrogen atom is capable of emitting radiation of
A) 3 frequencies.
B) a single frequency.
C) many more than 3 frequencies.

A

c. Many more than 3 frequencies

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13
Q

In the orbital model of hydrogen, discrete radii and energy states result when an electron circles the atom in an integral number of
A) wavelengths.
B) diffraction patterns.
C) wave frequencies.
D) none of these

A

a. Wavelengths

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14
Q

Which of the following forms an interference pattern when directed toward two suitably spaced slits?
A) electrons
B) light
C) sound
D) all of these
E) none of these

A

d. All of these

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15
Q

When Rutherford had a stream of alpha particles hit a gold foil, most of the particles
A) went almost straight through.
B) spiraled.
C) stopped.
D) bounced back.

A

a. Went almost straight through

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16
Q

Some alpha particles fired through a gold foil bounce backward by
A) making direct hits with gold atoms.
B) electrostatic repulsion with the electron clouds of gold atoms.
C) electrostatic repulsion when close to gold nuclei.
D) all of these
E) none of these

A

c. Electrostatic repulsion when close to gold nuclei

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17
Q

Physics pioneers Balmer, Rydberg, and Ritz discovered in atomic spectra
A) that electrons behave as standing waves.
B) mathematical order.
C) a randomness that opened the door to the nature of probabilities in atomic reality.
D) that all atoms are essentially the same size.
E) that electrons occupy well-defined shells about the atomic nucleus.

A

b. Mathematical order

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17
Q

An electron in an excited state can give off
A) several photons in a series of transitions to the ground state.
B) at most a single photon until the atom was excited again.
C) a continuous cascade of photons for a high-level transition.
D) none of these

A

A) several photons in a series of transitions to the ground state.

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18
Q

We now consider the orbital model of the atom to be
A) totally useless, of historical interest only.
B) defective and oversimplified, but still useful.
C) an accurate picture of a hydrogen atom.

A

A) several photons in a series of transitions to the ground state.

19
Q

Compared to the wavelengths of visible light, the wavelengths of matter waves are relatively
A) small.
B) large.

A

a. Small

20
Q

A key feature of the theory of chaos is
A) very small initial differences can lead to very large eventual differences.
B) unpredictability.
C) even orderly systems are seen to be disorderly when carefully studied.
D) the randomness of molecular motion makes prediction difficult.

A

A) very small initial differences can lead to very large eventual differences.

21
Q

The discreteness of energy levels is better understood by considering the electrons to be
A) attached to the nucleus by massless springs.
B) much less massive than the nucleus.
C) like tiny planets orbiting a sun.
D) all of these
E) none of these

A

e. None of these

22
Q

A new theory conforms to the correspondence principle when it
A) updates the essence of the old theory.
B) corresponds to all theories in nature.
C) accounts for verified results of the old theory.
D) ties two or more theories together.
E) none of these

A

C) accounts for verified results of the old theory.

23
Q

An excited atom decays to its ground state and emits a photon of green light. If instead the atom decays to an intermediate state, then the light emitted could be
A) violet.
B) red.
C) blue.
D) any of these
E) none of these

A

b. Red

24
Q

X-rays are like
A) gamma rays.
B) beta rays.
C) alpha rays.
D) all of these
E) none of these

A

a. Gamma rays

25
Q

The sources of X rays and gamma rays, respectively, are
A) the atomic nucleus and electron clouds.
B) electron clouds and the atomic nucleus.
C) both electron clouds.
D) both the atomic nucleus.
E) none of these

A

B) electron clouds and the atomic nucleus

26
Q

The mass of an atomic nucleon is nearly
A) twice the mass of an electron.
B) four times the mass of an electron.
C) a thousand times the mass of an electron.
D) two thousand times the mass of an electron.

A

D) two thousand times the mass of an electron.

27
Q

When a nucleus emits a beta particle, its atomic number
A) remains constant, but its mass number changes.
B) changes, but its mass number remains constant.
C) changes, and so does its mass number.
D) remains constant, and so does its mass number.
E) none of these

A

B) changes, but its mass number remains constant.

28
Q

The atomic mass number of an element is the same as the number of its
A) nucleons.
B) neutrons.
C) protons.
D) none of these

A

a. Nucleons

29
Q

Deuterium and tritium are both
A) isotopes of the same element.
B) forms of hydrogen.
C) both
D) neither of these

A

c. Both

30
Q

The larger a nucleus is, the greater its
A) instability.
B) stability.
C) neither stability nor instability.

A

a. Instability

31
Q

The half-life of an isotope is one day. At the end of two days the amount that remains is
A) one-half.
B) one-eighth.
C) one-quarter.
D) none.
E) none of these

A

c. One quarter

32
Q

The half-life of a radioactive substance is INDEPENDENT of
A) whether the substance exists in an elementary state or in a compound.
B) the age of the substance.
C) the number (if large enough) of atoms in the substance.
D) the temperature of the substance.
E) all of these

A

e. All of these

33
Q

When an element undergoes nuclear transmutation, the result is a completely different
A) ion of the same element.
B) isotope of the same element.
C) element.

A

c. Element

33
Q

The operation of a cloud chamber relies on
A) condensation.
B) magnetization.
C) evaporation.
D) polarization.
E) acceleration.

A

a. Condensation

34
Q

The fate of the world’s uranium supply is to eventually become
A) alpha and beta particles.
B) iron.
C) lead.

A

c. Lead

35
Q

When a gamma ray is emitted by a nucleus, the nucleus then has less
A) charge.
B) energy.
C) both
D) neither of these

A

b. Energy

36
Q

The high temperature of the Earth’s interior is due mostly to
A) radioactivity.
B) friction as plates move past one another.
C) the Earth’s natural heat.
D) great internal pressure.

A

a. Radioactivity

37
Q

Radioactivity in the world is something
A) relatively new.
B) as old as the world itself.

A

b. As old as the world itself

37
Q

Uranium-235, uranium-238 and uranium-239 are different
A) elements.
B) isotopes.
C) ions.
D) none of these

A

b. Isotopes

38
Q

There is a greater proportion of carbon 14 in
A) old bones.
B) new bones.
C) same in each

A

b. New bones

39
Q

Artificially induced radioactive elements generally have
A) long half-lives.
B) short half-lives.

A

b. Short half lives

40
Q

In nuclear fission and nuclear fusion reactions, the amount of mass converted to energy of other forms is
A) less than 1%.
B) about 10%.
C) about 30%.
D) about 20%.
E) more than 30%.

A

a. Less than 1%

41
Q

A chain reaction grows when the average number of liberated neutrons which go on to cause further fissions is
A) less than one.
B) zero.
C) greater than one.
D) one

A

c. Greater than one

42
Q

A sphere of pure U-235 will explode if it is
A) small enough.
B) shaken hard enough.
C) hot enough.
D) big enough.

A

d. Big enough

43
Q

U-235 and Pu-239 are both
A) fissionable isotopes.
B) heavier than lead.
C) radioactive isotopes.
D) all of these
E) none of these

A

d. All of these

44
Q

A nucleon has more mass when it is
A) outside the nucleus.
B) inside the nucleus.
C) both the same

A

a. Outside the nucleus

45
Q

A proton has the greatest mass in the nucleus of
A) plutonium.
B) hydrogen.
C) uranium.
D) iron.
E) lead.

A

b. Hydrogen

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