Test 6 Study Guide

Question 1

What is the study of how people think, influence, and relate to each other?

Answer 1

Social psychology

Question 2

What is social cognition?

Answer 2

The area of psychology that explores how people select, interpret, remember and use social information

Question 3

What is personal perception?

Answer 3

Process which we use stimuli to form impressions of each other

Question 4

What is a stereotype?

Answer 4

A generalization about group’s characteristics that does not consider any variations from one individual to another

Question 5

How does a self fufilling prophecy work in regards to stereotyping?

Answer 5

Expectations cause individuals to act a certain way that serves to make expectations come true

Question 6

What did Rosenthal and Jaconsen prove?

Answer 6

The power of stereotypes and other sources to influence expectations on human behavior

Question 7

What is the process which we come to understand the causes of other’s behavior and form impressions of them as an individual?

Answer 7

Attribution

Question 8

What is the attribution theory?

Answer 8

Views people as motivated to discover the underlying causes of behavior as part of their effort to make sense of that behavior

Question 9

What is the fundamental Attribution error?

Answer 9

refers to the tendancy of observers to overestimate the importance of internal traits and underestimate the importance of external traits

Question 10

What is the false consensus effect?

Answer 10

overestimating the degree to which everyone thinks or acts the way they do

Question 11

What are positive illusions?

Answer 11

Rosy views of themselves not rooted in reality

Question 12

What is the self serving bias?

Answer 12

Tendency to to take credit for our sucess and to deny responsibility for our failures when we make attributions about our own behavior

Question 13

What is self objectification?

Answer 13

Tendency to see ourselves as an object in others eyes

Question 14

What is a stereotype threat?

Answer 14

Individuals self fufilling fear of being judged based on a negative stereotype about his/her group

Question 15

What are opinions and beliefs about people, objects and ideals about how we feel about the world?

Answer 15

Attitudes

Question 16

When do attitudes guide a person actions?

Answer 16

When-
the person shows a strong awareness of an attitude and reherses and practices it
When the person has a vested intrest
When the persons attitudes are strong

Question 17

What are the main two theories about behavior affecting attitudes?

Answer 17

Cognitive dissonance theory

Self perception theory

Question 18

What is effort justification in regards to cognitive dissonance?

Answer 18

Means coming up with a rationale for the amount of work we put into getting something

Question 19

What is the feeling that we notice an inconsistancy between what we do and what we believe?

Answer 19

Cognitive dissonance

Question 20

What is the theory of Self perception?

Answer 20

Individuals make infrenses about their attiudes by observing their behavior

Question 21

What are Hovland’s 4 Elements of Persuation?

Answer 21

The communicator
The medium
The Target
The message

Question 22

What is the central route in persuation?

Answer 22

Engaging the audience w/a sound, logical arguement

Question 23

What is the periphrial route in persuation?

Answer 23

Involves factors such as appeal

Question 24

What are the two techniques for sucessful persuation?

Answer 24

Foot-into-the-door technique

Door-in-the-face

Question 25

Resisting persuation involves what?

Answer 25

innoculation

Question 26

What is altruism?

Answer 26

Giving another person w/the ultimate goal of benefitting that person, even if it incurs cost to ones self

Question 27

What is the bystander effect?

Answer 27

tendancy for an indivdual to be less likely to help in an emergency if there is a crowd of people

Question 28

What is the social behavior w/the objective of harming someone, either personally or verbally?

Answer 28

Aggression

Question 29

What are the psychological influences in aggression?

Answer 29

Personality, Frustrating and Aversive Circumstances, and cognitive determinates

Question 30

What is comformity?

Answer 30

The change in a persons behavior to coincide more closely with a group standard

Question 31

What were the results of Asche’s Experiment in conformity?

Answer 31

That 35% of participants would go with wrong answer if the group did

Question 32

What is informational social influence?

Answer 32

Refers to the influence other people have on us b/c we want to be right

Question 33

What is normal social inlfuence?

Answer 33

Influence others have on us because we want to be liked

Question 34

What is a behavior that complies with the explicit demands of the individual in authority?

Answer 34

obedance

Question 35

What were the findings of Milgram’s experiement?

Answer 35

Participants (80%) would stop at the inital request at the 150 volt level

Question 36

What was concluded with zimbardo’s prison experiment?

Answer 36

Situational factors powerfully affect human behavior