TEST 2- Biological Foundations of Behavior

Question 1

What is the body’s electrical communication circuitry?

Answer 1

The nervous system

Question 2

What is the term which is demonstrated by the orchestration of billions of nerve cells?

Answer 2

complexity

Question 3

What is integration?

Answer 3

Since the nervous system has so many levels and many different parts, integration is the communication across these levels through brain cells and extensive pathways

Question 4

What is plasticity?

Answer 4

Refers to the brain’s special physical capacity for change

Question 5

What is the process of neurons being responsible for chemical messages called?

Answer 5

Electrochemical transmission

Question 6

What part of the nervous system does the brain and spinal cord make up?

Answer 6

Central Nervous System

Question 7

What is the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 7

Network of nerves which connect the CNS to the other parts of the body

Question 8

What part of the nervous system consists of sensory nerves which sense temperature and skeletal muscle?

Answer 8

Somatic Nervous System

Question 9

What part of the nervous system is responsible for all non-voluntary control?

Answer 9

Autonomic nervous system

Question 10

What are the two subsections of the automatic nervous system?

Answer 10

Sympathetic nervous system and Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 11

What are nerve cells that handle information processing?

Answer 11

neurons

Question 12

Why are mirror neurons important to psychology?

Answer 12

Because they activate both when we perform a task and when we watch it

Question 13

What cells provide support and nutrition for neurons?

Answer 13

Glial cells

Question 14

What are treelike structures that project from a neuron and receive and orient information?

Answer 14

dendrites

Question 15

What part of the neuron contains nucleus and maufacturing apparatus?

Answer 15

Cell body

Question 16

What is the part of the neuron that carries info away?

Answer 16

axon

Question 17

What is a myelin sheath?

Answer 17

a layer of fat which encases and insulates most axons

Question 18

What is the brief wave of positive electrical charge that sweeps down the axon?

Answer 18

action potential

Question 19

What is the resting potienial of an axon?

Answer 19

between -60 and -75 milli volts

Question 20

What is threshhold?

Answer 20

The point when reached, action potenial will not reverse

Question 21

What is a synaps?

Answer 21

Spaces between neurons

Question 22

What are terminal buttons?

Answer 22

Fibers branching off a axon, which contain neurotransmitters

Question 23

What carry or transmit information across synaptic gap to the next neuron?

Answer 23

neurotransmitters

Question 24

What is it called when the neurotransmitter is finished delivering it’s message, some of the transmitter is used for energy and some is reabsorbed?

Answer 24

re-uptake

Question 25

What stimulates firing of neurons and is involved in muscle action, learning and memory?

Answer 25

Acetylcholine

Question 26

What inhibits neurons from firing and low levels are linked to anxiety? Drugs like vallium increase it

Answer 26

GABA

Question 27

What excited neurons to fire, and is especially linked to learning and memory?

Answer 27

Glutamate

Question 28

What inhibits the firing of neurons in CNS and excites heart muscle, intestines and urogenital tract? Works with AcH to regulate sleep and wakefullness

Answer 28

Norepinephrine

Question 29

What is used to recognize rewarding experiences and low levels are associated with Parkinsons and high levels with Schizophrenia?

Answer 29

Dopamine

Question 30

What when in low levels is associated with depression and helps regulate sleep and wakeful levels? Prozac slows down the reuptake of this into terminal buttons?

Answer 30

Serotonin

Question 31

What is a natural opiate which stimulates the firing of neruons? Morphine mimics it

Answer 31

Endorphins

Question 32

What is linked to love and relationships and milk production?

Answer 32

Oxytocin

Question 33

What records the brain's electrical activity?

Answer 33

EEG

Question 34

What produces a 3 dimensional image using xray waves?

Answer 34

CAT or CT scan

Question 35

What measures and captures metabolic changes to the brain? | What specifically does it measure?

Answer 35

PET Glucose levels

Question 36

What creates a magnetic field around the body and uses radio waves?

Answer 36

MRI and fMRI

Question 37

What is the difference between an MRI and a fMRI?

Answer 37

fMRI measures changes in blood oxygen

Question 38

What is used to show causation using rapid fire magentic fields that create a virtual lesion?

Answer 38

Transcriptional Magnetic stimulation or TMS

Question 39

What are the 3 parts of the hindbrain?

Answer 39

Medulla, pons, brainstem

Question 40

What does the medulla control?

Answer 40

breathing and heart rate

Question 41

Where is the medulla located?

Answer 41

Where spinal cord meets skull

Question 42

What does the pons connect?

Answer 42

cerebellum with the brainstem

Question 43

What makes up the brainstem?

Answer 43

Medulla, pons and hindbrain

Question 44

What does the cerebellum control?

Answer 44

Motor coordination

Question 45

What does the midbrain control?

Answer 45

relays info b/w brain, eyes, and ears

Question 46

What is a diffuse collection of neurons involved in a sterotyped patterns of behavior such as walking, sleeping, and turning around to a sudden noise?

Answer 46

Reticular formation

Question 47

Where is the limbic system located?

Answer 47

In the forebrain

Question 48

What are the two subsections of the limbic system?

Answer 48

Amygdala and the hippocampus

Question 49

What is the function of the Amygdala?

Answer 49

involved in discrimination of objects nessasary to an organisms survival and emotional awareness

Question 50

What is the function of the hippocampus?

Answer 50

special role in memory

Question 51

What is the very important relay station for the brain?

Answer 51

Thalamus

Question 52

What work with the cerebellum and the central cortex to control and coordinate voluntary movements?

Answer 52

Basal Ganglia

Question 53

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

Answer 53

monitors 3 rewarding activities-> | Eating, drinking, and sex as well as emotion, stress, reward

Question 54

What did Olds and Milner do?

Answer 54

Discovered a pleasure center in the hypothalamus

Question 55

Where does the most complex mental function take place?

Answer 55

Cerebral cortex

Question 56

What makes up 80% of the cortex and is though to be why humans have higher level thinking?

Answer 56

Neocortex

Question 57

What are hemispheres?

Answer 57

Two halves of the brain, each set up into 4 lobes

Question 58

What are the four lobes of the brain?

Answer 58

Occipital, temporal, Frontal and parital

Question 59

What is the occipital lobe responsible for?

Answer 59

Response to visual stimuli

Question 60

What is the temporal lobe responsible for?

Answer 60

Involved in hearing, language process, memory

Question 61

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

Answer 61

Involved in personality and control of voluntary muscle

Question 62

What is the pre-frontal cortex responsible for?

Answer 62

Higher cognitive functions such as planning, reasoning, and self control

Question 63

What are the parietal lobes responsibe for?

Answer 63

Registering spacial location, attention and motor control

Question 64

What is located at the front of parietal lobes and processes information about body sensations?

Answer 64

Somatosensory cortex

Question 65

What is located in the back of frontal lobe and processes info about voluntary movement?

Answer 65

Motor cortex

Question 66

What refers to the area of the brain that integrates sensory and motor information?

Answer 66

Association cortex

Question 67

What is Broca's Area?

Answer 67

area of the left hemisphere of the brain that plays a role in speech. Damage to this area will result in a loss of being able to speak

Question 68

What is Wernwick's Area?

Answer 68

Another area of the left hemisphere of the brain that controls understanding of speech

Question 69

What is the corpus callosum?

Answer 69

Large bundles of axons that connect brains two hemispheres

Question 70

What does the left hemisphere control?

Answer 70

Much of language processing

Question 71

What does the right hemisphere control?

Answer 71

processing of non-verbal information such as spatial perception, visual reg and emotions

Question 72

What are the 3 methods of Repair?

Answer 72

Collateral Sprouting Substitution of function Neurogenesis

Question 73

What is the process of axons of healthy neurons grow new branches?

Answer 73

Collateral Sprouting

Question 74

What is the process which damaged regions of the brain's functions are taken over by other sections of the brain?

Answer 74

Substitution of function

Question 75

What is the process which new neurons are generated?

Answer 75

Neurogenesis

Question 76

What is it called when an implant of healthy tissue into damaged brains?

Answer 76

Brain Grafts

Question 77

What is stress?

Answer 77

Response of indivdual's stressors

Question 78

What are stressors?

Answer 78

Circumstances and events that threaten them and tax coping abilities

Question 79

What is acute stress?

Answer 79

stress that occurs in response to a immediate perceived threat, than when threat receeds, so does the stress

Question 80

What is chronic stress?

Answer 80

Stress that goes on continuously and may lead to persistant automatic nervous system arousal