Test 6- Lymphatic And Immune System Flashcards
What does the lymphatic system do
Filters lymph, maintains fluid balance, and supports immune defense
What is movement of lymph dependent on
Movement of lymph dependent on skeletal muscle contractions and veins to prevent backflow
What is plasma called as it moves throughout the body
Plasma in blood vessels
Interstitial fluid when outside of capillaries
Lymph when in lymphatic capillaries
Plasma when in subclavian vein
Where does the right lymphatic duct drain lymph from
From the upper right side of body (right arm, right side of chest/head/neck)
Where does the thoracic duct drain lymph from
From rest of body (left side of body and all lower limbs/parts)
What is edema and what is it caused by
Swelling due to trapped fluids in tissues (blockage of the flow of lymph)
Where do fats go from the lacteals and how are they filtered
Lacteals from small intestinal villi absorb fats (glycerol and fatty acids), transporting them through lymphatic vessels, passing through lymph nodes that filter toxins, ending up in the bloodstream
Whatre the two primary lymphoid organs and what are primary lymphoid organs
Where lymphocytes develop and mature
Red bone marrow and thymus
What does red bone marrow do
The stem cells inside produce rbc, wbc, and platelets
B cells/lymphocytes mature here
What does the thymus do
Produces hormones called thymosins that cause t cells to mature
When is thymosin active until, why is this significant
Only until around puberty, so its better for kids to be exposed to microbes early, maturing as many t cells as they can to get a large library of wbc
What are secondary lymphoid organs and the two organs that are
Lymph nodes and spleen
Where lymphocytes/cells respond/activate
What do lymph nodes do, where are they found
Located at certain points along lymphatic vessels
Contains lymphocytes and macrophages that filter out pathogens from lipids
Whats immunity
The bodys ability to defend against infection
Whats innate immunity
Immunity that functions without previous exposure to pathogens
What is apart of innate immunity
- Physical chemical barriers
- Inflammatory response
- Macrophages and dendritic cells
- Phagocytes and natural killer cells
What is caused by the inflammatory response
Injury site becomes enflamed (redness, heat, pain, swelling)
Damaged tissue and granular wbc release histamine
What does histamine do, where is it found
Its a vasodilator, so it dilates/widens blood vessels, increasing blood flow (with wbc) to injury
Found in the vesicles of granular wbc
Whats the inactive version of macrophages
Monocytes
what do macrophages and dendritic cells do and release and what does this cause
Engulfs pathogens and release cytokines
Promotes fever (to kill bacteria, slight temp increase speeds enzymes up)
Promotes wbc production
Activates other immune cells (like other macrophages)
What do natural killer cells do, are they specific
Kill virus infected and tumor cells by cell to cell contact, nonspecific
Why does it initiate and whats adaptive immunity? How long does it take to activate
Initiates when immune response fails to remove invaders
Specific, slow
5-7 days to activate
Whatre the two parts to adaptive immunity
Cell mediated immunity
Antibody mediated immunity
What does cell mediated immunity involve
Involves helper t cells and cytotoxic t cells
When do macrophages become antigen presenting cells, who do they present it to
Macrophage that has engulfed a pathogen is now presenting an antigen on its membrane protein, now an apc
Th and tc cells recognize invaders presennted by macrophages
What do th cells do
Releases cytokines that activate b cells
What do tc cells do and how
Recognizes infected cells by the antigen presented on the apc’s membrane
Tc cells targets and kills infected cells
What are activated b cells called, why, what are they activated by
Plasma cells, because they produce antibodies in the plasma
Activated by cytokines from th cells
What do antibodies do
Attach to and mark the invader to be engulfed by phagocytes
What memory cells are there, what do they do
Memory b and t cells
Retains information about the bodys past battles, making you more equipped for the same fight against the same pathogens again
what does the spleen do and contain
same as lymph nodes, contains lymphocytes that filter out pathogens
contains lymphoid tissue and lymphocytes
