Test 6 Endo Hypothalamus Slides 47-101 Flashcards
What regulates the control of Hormone Secretion?
- Signal from Nervous System
- Chemical Changes in the Blood
- Other Hormones
The diminution or counteraction of an effect y its own influence on the process giving rise to it, describes what?
Negative Feedback
Strengthens or reinforces of an effect by its own influence on the process that gives rise to it, describes what?
Positive Feedback
What portion of the brain is inferior to the thalamus, not considered a separate organ, controls the ANS, and serves as a major link between the nervous system and endocrine system?
Hypothalamus
How many hormones are synthesized by the cells of the Hypothalamus?
9
What portion of the brain and what glands are together responsible for regulation of growth, development, metabolism, and homeostasis?
Hypothalamus-Pituitary Gland Complex
Name the hypothalamic neurosecretory cells responsible for the synthesis of hypothalamic hormones that will be transported to the Anterior Pituitary?
- Dorsal Medial Nucleus
- Ventral Medial Nucleus
- Infundibular Nucleus
What are the steps to prepare Hypothalamic hormones for transport whose target is the ANTERIOR pituitary? (Dorsal Medial, Ventral Medial, Infundibular Nuclei)
1) Packaged in secretory vesicles
2) Transported by axons to axon terminals near superior aspect of infundibulum
3) Nerve impulses stimulate hormone release from axon terminals via exocytosis from secretory vesicles
Hypothalamic hormones diffuse into the primary capillary plexus, which is supplied by what artery?
Superior Hypophyseal artery
How are hormones transported to the ANTERIOR Pituitary that are produced by the Dorsal Medial, Ventral Medial, Infundibular Nuclei of the Hypothalamus?
1) Transported by Hypophyseal portal veins to secondary capillary plexus of Hypophyseal portal system
2) Hormones diffuse into ANTERIOR Pituitary target cells where they exert their action
The secondary capillary plexus of the Hypophyseal portal system is adjacent to what?
Anterior Pituitary Gland
Name the hypothalamic neurosecretory cells (clusters of specialized neurons) responsible for the synthesis of hypothalamic hormones that will be transported to the POSTERIOR Pituitary?
Supraoptic Nucleus
Paraventricular Nucleus
How are hormones transported to the POSTERIOR Pituitary that are produced by the Supraoptic and Paraventricular Nuclei of the Hypothalamus?
1) Packaged in secretory vesicles
2) Transported by axon to axon terminals within the POSTERIOR Pituitary
3) Stored in POSTERIOR Pituitary, no synthesis of hormones in POSTERIOR Pituitary
Name the Hypothalamic RELEASING Hormones that stimulate release of ANTERIOR Pituitary hormones.
- Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH)
- Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)
- Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH)
- Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
- Prolactin-Releasing Hormone (PRH)
Name the Hypothalamic INHIBITING Hormones that Inhibit release of ANTERIOR Pituitary hormones.
- Growth Hormone-Inhibiting Hormone (GHIH)(AKA: Somatostatin)
- Prolactin-Inhibiting Hormone (PIH)(AKA: Dopamine)
Name the Hypothalamic Hormones synthesized in hypothalamus and stored in the POSTERIOR Pituitary.
- Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH/Vasopressin)
- Oxytocin
Which Hypothalamic Nuclei synthesizes Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH/Vasopressin)?
Supraoptic Nuclei
Which Hypothalamic Nuclei synthesizes Oxytocin?
Paraventricular Nuclei
What is the technical term for the Pituitary Gland?
Hypophysis
What Endocrine gland is a small, pea-shaped gland located within the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone?
Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)
What connects the Pituitary Gland to the Hypothalamus?
Infundibulum
What are the two separate portions of the Pituitary Gland?
- Anterior Pituitary
- Posterior Pituitary
What is the technical name for the Anterior Pituitary (Comprises 75% of total weight)?
Adenohypophysis (Pars Distalis)
What is the technical name for the Posterior Pituitary?
Neurohypophysis (Pars Nervosa)
What is the Anterior Pituitary Gland composed of?
Pars Distalis
Pars Tuberalis
What type of tissue is the Pars Distalis (Largest Portion)?
Glandular Tissue