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A&P II IPAP 3-17 > Test 6 Endo FSH, ect 102-127 > Flashcards

Test 6 Endo FSH, ect 102-127 Flashcards

1
Q

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus stimulates the secretion of what hormones from where?

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
From the Anterior Pituitary

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2
Q

What does FSH stimulate production of in men and women and what does it initiate in women monthly?

A 
Women:
-Initiates follicle production monthly
-Stimulates: follicular cells to produce Estrogen
Men:
-Stimulates: sperm production
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3
Q

What causes a negative feedback loop that will inhibit FSH secretion?

A

Women:
-Increased serum level of Estrogen
Men:
-Increased serum level of Testosterone

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4
Q

In women LH from the anterior pituitary gland triggers what?

A
  • Ovulation
  • Formation of Corpus Luteum
  • Secretion of Progesterone by the Corpus Luteum
  • w/FSH, Secretion of Estrogen by ovarian cells
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5
Q

In men LH from the anterior pituitary gland Stimulates what?

A

Testes to secrete testosterone

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6
Q

What is the collective name for the group of peptide hormones produced in the skin, anterior pituitary and other parts of the brain and is involved in pigmentation of skin cells and suppression of appetite (possibly)?

A

Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH)

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7
Q

What will inhibit MSH secretion from the Anterior Pituitary?

A

Dopamine (PIH)

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8
Q

What hormone stimulates the release of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) from the Anterior Pituitary?

A

Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH) from Hypothalamus

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9
Q

What indirectly inhibits TSH via negative feedback to the hypothalamus to reduce production and release of TRH (Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone)?

A

Increased levels of T3 and T4 in bloodstream

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10
Q

What portion of the Pituitary gland comprises 25% of total weight and is composed neural tissue, Pars nervosa and Infundibulum?

A

Posterior Pituitary Gland

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11
Q

What function does the Posterior Pituitary serve?

A
  • Stores hormones from Hypothalamus
  • Contains axons and axon terminals of more than 10,000 hypothalamic neurosecretory cells
  • NO Hormone Synthesis
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12
Q

What hormones does the posterior pituitary store?

A 
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) (AKA Vasopressin)
Oxytocin
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13
Q

What functions does ADH have?

A
  • Decrease urine production: normal daily output w/ADH 1-2L, w/out ADH increase 20L daily
  • Causes Vasoconstriction of arterioles: increases BP, hence other name vasopressin
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14
Q

What effect does Alcohol have on ADH?

A

Inhibits release of ADH: hence increase in urination

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15
Q

What determines the amount of ADH secreted?

A

Blood Osmotic Pressure and Blood Volume

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16
Q

High blood osmotic pressure (or low blood volume) stimulates what?

A

Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus

Osmoreceptor type of baroreceptor measures osmotic pressure- pressure solutes are causing inside the plasma

17
Q

What are some causes of high osmotic pressure?

A

Dehydration
Hemorrhage
Diarrhea
Excessive Sweating

18
Q

What action does ADH have on the target tissues of the Kidneys, Sudoriferous (sweat) glands, Vascular smooth muscle?

A

Kidneys: increases water reabsorption in tubules
Sweat glands: Decreased sweating
Vascular: Arteriolar constriction
-All actions decrease osmotic pressure and increase blood volume

19
Q

ADH secretion can be altered by what other means?

A 
Pain, stress, trauma, anxiety
Drugs:
-Morphine
-Tranquilizers
-Anesthetics (Some)
-Nicotine
20
Q

What clinical correlation may arise from defects of ADH receptors or inability to secrete ADH?

A

Diabetes Insipidus (DI)

  • Neurogenic DI: reduction/cessation of secretion of ADH. Usually from brain tumor, head trauma
  • Nephrogenic DI: Kidney’s don’t respond to ADH
  • Receptors nonfunctional or kidneys damaged
21
Q

What symptoms arise from Diabetes Insipidus (DI)?

A

Excessive Urination
Excessive Dehydration
Excessive Thirst

22
Q

During delivery of a child the stretching of the cervix stimulates the release of what hormone from where?

A

Oxytocin from Posterior Pituitary Gland

23
Q

The release of Oxytocin in turn enhances what? What kind of feedback loop is this?

A

Enhances contraction of the uterus

Positive Feedback Loop

24
Q

After delivery of the child Oxytocin stimulates what? What increases this?

A

Milk ejection “let-down” from mammary glands

-Increased by suckling stimulus of newborn

25
Q

What functions may Oxytocin serve in Non-pregnant women and in males?

A

Not clearly understood

  • Suggested: help brain w/parental caregiver behavior
  • Role in feeling of sexual pleasure during and after intercourse

A&P II IPAP 3-17 (12 decks)

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