Test 6 Ch 17,18 Flashcards
4 infectious agents:
Bacteria
Virus
Fungi
Protozoa
These are single celled organizers that are prokaryotic which lack a nucleus
Bacteria
Size and shape of bacterium by gram staining
Morphology
Medically important bacteria can be classified into 3 morphologies:
Cocci or spheres, bacilli or rods, and spirals
2 bacteria able to produce endospores are ???
*theyare highly resistant to external environment
Bacillus and clostridium
Ex: strep throat, bacterial pneumonia, and food poisoning
Pathogen that are neither eukaryotic or prokaryotic. Carries its own genetic form:
Virus’
Viral infection is the result of a viral particle that attaches to a host cell to its genome is called ?
Virion
An example of a latent or dormant viral infection is
Herpes simplex virus
This pathogen is made of eurkaryotic organisms with a nucleus
Fungi
Such as atheleted foot
Medically important fungi are mostly DIMORPHIC (ability to grow in 2 forms) which are:
Yeast
Mold
This pathogen is unicellular and do not possess a cell wall. Generally eukaryotic
Protozoa
Fungi are classified in 4 different diseases which are
Superficial infection-skin
Cutaneous infection-keratinized tissue
Subcutaneous fungal infection-trauma to skin
Systemic infection -circulatory and lymphatic
Protozoa are classified in 3 motilities:
Ameboid locomotion-slow
Flagellum-long
Cilia -tail
Encounter Entry Spread Multiplication Damage Outcome
Are?
6 processes in getting an infectious disease
For infection to spread, 4 factors are involved:
Host
Infectious organism
Mode of transmission
Reservoir
Examples of Direct host to host transmission:
Example of indirect transmission:
Hand holding, coughing, sexual contact
Vector -skeeters, ticks, fleas
fomite - food water gloves
Common fomites in a medical setting ??
All kinds of Catheters
Two blood borne pathogens that are a concern in hospitals:
Hep B-affects liver
HIV-immune system / T cells
Our body produces 3 defense mechanisms to protect us which include:
Mechanical -shedding cells
Chemical-urine, teArs, mucous
Cellular -phagocyte remove foreign particles (inflammatory response)
Most effective way of sterilization
Moist heat such as autoclave
Involves only moderate heating followed by rapid cooling
Pasteurization
Such as milk, beer, n wine
Maximal killing of microbes can be done by
UV light
Recapping needles should be avoided but if you must perform it; use the
One handed scoop technique
A physician induced infection; common density
Iatrogenic
Organism found on you or patient
Flora
Hospital acquired infections from equipment, instruments, surfaces, etc
Nosocomial
A reduction of #’s of Infectious Agents
Medical Asepsis
Absolutely killing ALL life forms
Sterilization
Chemicals that alter the environment
Disinfectants
A Feeding a tube is called a
Lumen
An area between sterile Tray table and Patient table
Sterile corridor
2 types of catheters:
Foley
Straight
Most common NG tube?
Goes thru nose to stomach
Levin tube
Patient in high Fowler position for insertion
Barium and Air looks what color on X-ray?
Barium = white Air= black
Injection contrast to see bladder and bowels.
Attach large intestine to skin surface
Loopogram
Patients that have a part of their colon removed and can’t GO anymore have this attached bag
Colostomy
