Test 3 Ch 7,8,9

Question 1

3 types of IR systems

Answer 1

Film
CR
DR

Question 2

4 requirements to produce an X-ray:

Answer 2

Vacuum (tube housing)
Source of electrons (filament)
Accelerate electrons (voltage)
Stop electrons (target)

Question 3

The beam of photons before it interacts with the patients body is called

Answer 3

Primary radiation

Question 4

Invisible image created after exposure before processing

Answer 4

Latent image

Question 5

Relationship of radiation intensity and distance from source of radiation

Answer 5

Inverse square law

Question 6

The resulting beam that is able to exit from the patient is called

Answer 6

Remnant Radiation

Question 7

The difference in ____________ allows for the formation of radiographs. As radiation is absorbed differently in different tissues of the body

Answer 7

Attenuation

Question 8

Which bone structure would be radiopaque ?

Radiolucent?

Answer 8

Bones

Air, superficial tissues

Question 9

Exposure factors that determine the quality of the image

Answer 9

mAs
KVP
SID
OID

Question 10

DR has a scintillator typically made of what …. that will convert electrons one n stored in the TFT

Answer 10

Amorphous selenium (a-Se)

Question 11

The ________ determines the individual size of each pixel.

Answer 11

Resolution

Question 12

Indirect capture consists of a two step process:

Answer 12

X-ray photons converted to light using the scintillator and then -converted to electric signal

Question 13

4 factors affecting image quality

Answer 13

Contrast
Density
Resolution
Distortion

Question 14

The X-ray beam is described as

Answer 14

Polyenergetic or heterogeneous

Question 15

The anode and cathode are what charges?

Answer 15

Cathode = negative 
Anode= positive

Question 16

Form of X-ray beam collocation of field size that ensures the X-ray exposure field is no larger than receptor size

Answer 16

PBL

Positive beam limitation

Question 17

The process of “coning down” indicates what?

Answer 17

Increased collimation

Question 18

In the cathode, As temperature increases and electrons start “boiling off” through a process called???

Answer 18

Thermionic emission

Question 19

The X-ray tube is made of

Answer 19

Pyrex glass

To withstand extreme amount of heat

Question 20

X-ray tabletops are:

Answer 20

Radiolucent

Question 21

The power of the X-ray system(the generator) is expressed in

Answer 21

Kilowatts

Question 22

Although it is recommended to prep the X-ray tube, repeated prepping of the tube can..

Answer 22

Damage the tube and shorten its lifespan!

Question 23

The most sophisticated and desired tube system?

Answer 23

OTC systems

Question 24

What does it mean when the imaging plate needs conditioning ?

Answer 24

Needs an intense white light source to clear the image

Question 25

Multiple views; 60 images sweep the patient in one breath hold

Answer 25

Tomosynthesis

Question 26

Two basic sources of ionizing radiation:

Answer 26

Natural and man made

Question 27

Natural ionizing radiation are Man made radiation consists of

Answer 27

Uranium sun, and radium, (radon) Stemming from sewers Smoke detectors Radionuclides

Question 28

X-rays interact with matter in 5 ways!

Answer 28

``` Classic coherent Photoelectric Compton scattering Pair production Photodisintegration ```

Question 29

The two interactions of X-rays with matter that directly influence patients and workers

Answer 29

Compton scattering -effecting workers | Photoelectric -effecting patients

Question 30

coherent scattering is also known as

Answer 30

Thompson, classical

Question 31

X-rays that change direction are known as:

Answer 31

Scattering

Question 32

In Pair production, a minimum of _______ of energy must occur. Important in radiation therapy

Answer 32

1.02 MeV

Question 33

Phitodisintegration occurs in the nuclear field but not in diagnostic radiography. X-ray photon energy must at least be —

Answer 33

10 MeV

Question 34

1Sv= 1 Gy=

Answer 34

100 rem 100 Rad

Question 35

Annual occupational exposure dose Cumulative occupational exposure dose

Answer 35

50mSv 10mSv x age

Question 36

The reproductive cells of an organism | Reproduce through meiosis

Answer 36

Germ cells

Question 37

All types of cells and carry all 46 chromosomes n perform all body’s functions

Answer 37

Somatic cells

Question 38

Early effects of radiation exposure include 3 effects; the first effect is:

Answer 38

Prodromal stage NVD-nausea committing diarrhea

Question 39

The second stage includes

Answer 39

The latent period; | Feel fine, body is biologically changing

Question 40

The last stage is the manifest stage which is:

Answer 40

Where the patient feels full effects of exposure | Leading to recovery or death

Question 41

The late effects occur after a long period of time and include 2 groups which are:

Answer 41

Somatic effects -results in patient who was exposed | Genetic effects -generations later are effected by the exposure

Question 42

3 protective principles in protecting the patient from overexposure

Answer 42

Time Distance Shielding

Question 43

It is recommended that during flouro procedures, lead aprons should have how much lead equivalency

Answer 43

0.5 at least

Question 44

The most common dosimeter is the

Answer 44

OSL