Test 6 Flashcards
(325 cards)
What are four hormones that can effect Blood Glucose Levels?
Cortisol, Glucagon, Epinephrine and the Growth Hormone
Which hormones inhibit the release of Insulin?
Cortisol, Glucagon, Epinephrine and the Growth Hormone
Most important of the Glucocorticoid Hormones from the Adrenal Cortex and it has to be present for other three Hormones to work
Cortisol
Hormone secreted by the Islets of Langerhans that releases Glucose from stored Glycogen
Glucagon
Helps to maintain blood Glucose levels during Stress by inhibiting Insulin release
Epinephrine
Antagonizes the effects of Insulin by decreasing Glucose uptake and usage by the cells
Growth Hormone
These Counter-Regulatory Hormones bind to specific receptors on cells and they stimulate the enzymes in a pathway to take stored Glycogen and turn it into _________
Glucose
What produces insulin?
The Beta Cells in the Islets of Langerhans of the Pancreas
Insulin release is regulated by _____________.
Blood glucose levels
As Blood Glucose Levels rise (Increases), insulin secretion _________.
Increases
As Blood Glucose Levels decrease, insulin secretion __________
Decreases
The Only Hormone Known to Have a Direct Effect on Lowering Blood Glucose Levels is __________
Insulin
Insulin is released within minutes of consuming a meal and serum Insulin reach a peak approximately __-__ minutes
3-5
True or False
Insulin is required to move Glucose into the cells
True
Insulin binds to a Receptor on a cell and causes what two things to occur:
- Proteins that are located in the cytoplasm of the cell are inserted into the cell membrane
* These proteins are what glucose binds to
2.Glucose moves into the cell by Facilitated Diffusion; does not require Energy
When Glucose binds to the proteins, it undergoes a confirmation change and shuttles Glucose in
As long as the concentration of Glucose is high outside the cell and protein carriers are there, you will see movement of Glucose ____________.
Going into the cell
What is the the reason Glucose isn’t always entering the cell?
Because the protein carriers are not always present
*You need Insulin to bind to the Receptor
_________ get inserted into the cell membrane and
________ binds to the protein carrier and is shuttled into the cell
Protein carriers; Glucose
What are the functions on insulin?
- Movement of Glucose into a Cell
- controls the production of enzymes responsible for Cellular Metabolism
- stimulates all the enzymes necessary for Glucose to get converted to Glycogen
What cells store the greatest amounts of glycogen?
Liver and Muscle Cells
Needed to produce the Enzymes required for the conversion of Glucose down Metabolic Pathways. __________
Insulin
How is glucose converted to adipose tissue?
Glucose to Glycerol and Fatty Acids to Storage of Triglycerides in Adipose Tissue
Do Epithelial cells of the Gut require/ don’t require Insulin for Glucose Uptake
DO NOT REQUIRE
*Absorbs Glucose from the Small Intestine and then Glucose enters the blood stream
Do the neurons of the brain require Insulin for Glucose uptake?
DO NOT REQUIRE
Glucose can automatically enter a neuron via Facilitated Diffusion; Not Insulin Dependent