Test 5- Chapter 13,14 And 15 Flashcards
Explain what a dermatome map is and how it is used
Diagram of a person with spinal nerves listed
To make a prediction about what spinal nerve was injured and where in the spinal cord an injury happened at.
Define: nerve plexus
Complex of interwoven network of nerves
Formed during development
Define ganglion
A cluster of nerve cell bodies, often of similar function.
Located in the Peripheral nervous system
Bell’s palsy
-can cause what?
-facial nerves ‘s motor root is impaired by a virus, tumor, trauma or unknown causes.
- can have weakness or completed paralysis of muscles or facial expression on effected side.
Golgi tendon organs are…
-they monitor what?
-mechanoreceptors within tendons near muscle -tendon junction
-the monitor the tension generated by a muscle contraction
Monosynaptic reflex is
A single synapse within the spinal cord between sensory and motor neurons
( can be as small as 2 neurons)
Polysynaptic reflex is
More complicated type of reflex arch
(3 or more neurons)
-involves multiple synapses
Perineurium surrounds what
Fascicles
Endoneurium surround what
Surrounds individual axons
Epineurium surrounds what
Entire nerve
Spinal nerves consist of how many pairs?
-attached to what?
-Made of what?
31 pairs of spinal nerves
-attached to spinal cord
-all mixed in function ( sensory and motor)
-Made of letter and number
Cranial nerves have how many pairs
-attached to
12 pairs
-attached directly to the brain
31 pairs of spinal nerves are
(8) Cervical nerve (C1-C8)
(12) thoracic nerves (T1-T12)
(5) Lumbar (L1-L5)
(5) Sacral (S1-S5)
(1) tiny pair of coccygeal nerves
Cervical plexus
C1-C5
Brachial plexus
C5-T1
Lumbar plexus
L1- L4
Sacral plexus
L4- S4
Peripheral nerves only have what
Only have word names - no numbers
Reflex is
Smallest, most simple, parts of nervous system that will perform all 3 functions
Sensory input- integration- motor output
Somatic reflex is
Have skeletal muscles as effector
Ex- patellar, babinski and Achilles
-you can consciously control these reflexes
Autonomic reflexes are
Have smooth or cardiac muscles as effector
Ex- pupillary light, oculicardiac reflex
(Can not control these reflexes)
Peripheral nervous system is
-what % of nervous tissue
-consists of
-2% of nervous tissue
-consists of - cranial nerves and spinal nerves
-everything NOT the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system has two divisions
Sensory (afferent) and
Motor (efferent)
Reflex arch is
1- Sensory input (afferent) goes into CNS
-PNS detects & delivers stimulus into CNS
2-CNS INTEGRATES stimulus (makes decision) then goes out to Motor output in PNS
3- Motor output (efferent)
- PNS delivers motor responses from CNS to effectors
General Senses are
-somatic and visceral
-senses that can be FELT/EXPERIENCED
in multiple locations on body
(Touch, temp, pain, proprioception)
Special senses are
-localized receptors ( specialized organs)
-sight
-smell
- taste
-hearing and balance
We experience senses through the action of…
Sensory receptors
Sensory receptors are
Dendrite ends of a sensory neuron
Maybe
-specialized cell and dendrite end
-sense occurs here
5 major type of sensory receptors
1: mechanoreceptors
2: thermoreceptors
3: chemoreceptors
4: photoreceptors
5: nociceptors
Mechanoreceptors respond to
Touch and pressure as the stimulus
Thermoreceptors respond to
Temperature as stimulus (hot and cold)
Chemoreceptors respond to
Substance or chemicals as the stimulus
Photoreceptors respond too
Light as the stimulus
Nociceptors respond too
Pain
-respond too stimulus strong enough to cause tissue damage
Tonic receptors
Almost always active (firing)
(Background tone)
Phasic receptors are
Normally inactive, fire when there is a change in stimulus
Receptive field is
Sensory area monitored by 1 sensory neuron (some large and some small)
-a sensory neuron can only monitor the area were dendrites are
Receptor potential
A local/graded potential in a sensory neuron
Generator potential is
A receptor potential that reaches threshold
(Makes a neuron fire)
Transduction is
Conversion of a stimulus into an action potential
What are the mechanoreceptors of proprioception (3)
1: muscle spindles
2:golgi tendon organs
3: joint capsule receptors
What is proprioception
Sense of what position body is in, are the muscles flexed or relaxed
Muscle spindles are
Sensory info about muscle contraction
(Are muscles relaxed or contracted)
Golgi tendon organs are
Tells about tightness of tendon
Joint capsule receptors
Tell joint position
Sensory adaptation is
A reduction in sensitivity to a stimulus that is constant or continuous
