Test 5- Chapter 13,14 And 15

Question 1

Explain what a dermatome map is and how it is used

Answer 1

Diagram of a person with spinal nerves listed
To make a prediction about what spinal nerve was injured and where in the spinal cord an injury happened at.

Question 2

Define: nerve plexus

Answer 2

Complex of interwoven network of nerves

Formed during development

Question 3

Define ganglion

Answer 3

A cluster of nerve cell bodies, often of similar function.

Located in the Peripheral nervous system

Question 4

Bell’s palsy
-can cause what?

Answer 4

-facial nerves ‘s motor root is impaired by a virus, tumor, trauma or unknown causes.

• can have weakness or completed paralysis of muscles or facial expression on effected side.

Question 5

Golgi tendon organs are…

-they monitor what?

Answer 5

-mechanoreceptors within tendons near muscle -tendon junction

-the monitor the tension generated by a muscle contraction

Question 6

Monosynaptic reflex is

Answer 6

A single synapse within the spinal cord between sensory and motor neurons
( can be as small as 2 neurons)

Question 7

Polysynaptic reflex is

Answer 7

More complicated type of reflex arch
(3 or more neurons)
-involves multiple synapses

Question 8

Perineurium surrounds what

Answer 8

Fascicles

Question 9

Endoneurium surround what

Answer 9

Surrounds individual axons

Question 10

Epineurium surrounds what

Answer 10

Entire nerve

Question 11

Spinal nerves consist of how many pairs?

-attached to what?

-Made of what?

Answer 11

31 pairs of spinal nerves

-attached to spinal cord

-all mixed in function ( sensory and motor)
-Made of letter and number

Question 12

Cranial nerves have how many pairs

-attached to

Answer 12

12 pairs

-attached directly to the brain

Question 13

31 pairs of spinal nerves are

Answer 13

(8) Cervical nerve (C1-C8)
(12) thoracic nerves (T1-T12)
(5) Lumbar (L1-L5)
(5) Sacral (S1-S5)
(1) tiny pair of coccygeal nerves

Question 14

Cervical plexus

Answer 14

C1-C5

Question 15

Brachial plexus

Answer 15

C5-T1

Question 16

Lumbar plexus

Answer 16

L1- L4

Question 17

Sacral plexus

Answer 17

L4- S4

Question 18

Peripheral nerves only have what

Answer 18

Only have word names - no numbers

Question 19

Reflex is

Answer 19

Smallest, most simple, parts of nervous system that will perform all 3 functions

Sensory input- integration- motor output

Question 20

Somatic reflex is

Answer 20

Have skeletal muscles as effector

Ex- patellar, babinski and Achilles

-you can consciously control these reflexes

Question 21

Autonomic reflexes are

Answer 21

Have smooth or cardiac muscles as effector

Ex- pupillary light, oculicardiac reflex

(Can not control these reflexes)

Question 22

Peripheral nervous system is

-what % of nervous tissue

-consists of

Answer 22

-2% of nervous tissue

-consists of - cranial nerves and spinal nerves
-everything NOT the brain and spinal cord

Question 23

Peripheral nervous system has two divisions

Answer 23

Sensory (afferent) and
Motor (efferent)

Question 24

Reflex arch is

Answer 24

1- Sensory input (afferent) goes into CNS
-PNS detects & delivers stimulus into CNS
2-CNS INTEGRATES stimulus (makes decision) then goes out to Motor output in PNS
3- Motor output (efferent)
- PNS delivers motor responses from CNS to effectors

Question 25

General Senses are

Answer 25

-somatic and visceral -senses that can be FELT/EXPERIENCED in multiple locations on body (Touch, temp, pain, proprioception)

Question 26

Special senses are

Answer 26

-localized receptors ( specialized organs) -sight -smell - taste -hearing and balance

Question 27

We experience senses through the action of…

Answer 27

Sensory receptors

Question 28

Sensory receptors are

Answer 28

Dendrite ends of a sensory neuron Maybe -specialized cell and dendrite end -sense occurs here

Question 29

5 major type of sensory receptors

Answer 29

1: mechanoreceptors 2: thermoreceptors 3: chemoreceptors 4: photoreceptors 5: nociceptors

Question 30

Mechanoreceptors respond to

Answer 30

Touch and pressure as the stimulus

Question 31

Thermoreceptors respond to

Answer 31

Temperature as stimulus (hot and cold)

Question 32

Chemoreceptors respond to

Answer 32

Substance or chemicals as the stimulus

Question 33

Photoreceptors respond too

Answer 33

Light as the stimulus

Question 34

Nociceptors respond too

Answer 34

Pain -respond too stimulus strong enough to cause tissue damage

Question 35

Tonic receptors

Answer 35

Almost always active (firing) (Background tone)

Question 36

Phasic receptors are

Answer 36

Normally inactive, fire when there is a change in stimulus

Question 37

Receptive field is

Answer 37

Sensory area monitored by 1 sensory neuron (some large and some small) -a sensory neuron can only monitor the area were dendrites are

Question 38

Receptor potential

Answer 38

A local/graded potential in a sensory neuron

Question 39

Generator potential is

Answer 39

A receptor potential that reaches threshold (Makes a neuron fire)

Question 40

Transduction is

Answer 40

Conversion of a stimulus into an action potential

Question 41

What are the mechanoreceptors of proprioception (3)

Answer 41

1: muscle spindles 2:golgi tendon organs 3: joint capsule receptors

Question 42

What is proprioception

Answer 42

Sense of what position body is in, are the muscles flexed or relaxed

Question 43

Muscle spindles are

Answer 43

Sensory info about muscle contraction (Are muscles relaxed or contracted)

Question 44

Golgi tendon organs are

Answer 44

Tells about tightness of tendon

Question 45

Joint capsule receptors

Answer 45

Tell joint position

Question 46

Sensory adaptation is

Answer 46

A reduction in sensitivity to a stimulus that is constant or continuous