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223 A&P > Test 5- Chapter 13,14 And 15 > Flashcards

Test 5- Chapter 13,14 And 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Explain what a dermatome map is and how it is used

A

Diagram of a person with spinal nerves listed
To make a prediction about what spinal nerve was injured and where in the spinal cord an injury happened at.

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2
Q

Define: nerve plexus

A

Complex of interwoven network of nerves

Formed during development

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3
Q

Define ganglion

A

A cluster of nerve cell bodies, often of similar function.

Located in the Peripheral nervous system

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4
Q

Bell’s palsy
-can cause what?

A

-facial nerves ‘s motor root is impaired by a virus, tumor, trauma or unknown causes.

  • can have weakness or completed paralysis of muscles or facial expression on effected side.
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5
Q

Golgi tendon organs are…

-they monitor what?

A

-mechanoreceptors within tendons near muscle -tendon junction

-the monitor the tension generated by a muscle contraction

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6
Q

Monosynaptic reflex is

A

A single synapse within the spinal cord between sensory and motor neurons
( can be as small as 2 neurons)

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7
Q

Polysynaptic reflex is

A

More complicated type of reflex arch
(3 or more neurons)
-involves multiple synapses

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8
Q

Perineurium surrounds what

A

Fascicles

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9
Q

Endoneurium surround what

A

Surrounds individual axons

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10
Q

Epineurium surrounds what

A

Entire nerve

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11
Q

Spinal nerves consist of how many pairs?

-attached to what?

-Made of what?

A

31 pairs of spinal nerves

-attached to spinal cord

-all mixed in function ( sensory and motor)
-Made of letter and number

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12
Q

Cranial nerves have how many pairs

-attached to

A

12 pairs

-attached directly to the brain

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13
Q

31 pairs of spinal nerves are

A

(8) Cervical nerve (C1-C8)
(12) thoracic nerves (T1-T12)
(5) Lumbar (L1-L5)
(5) Sacral (S1-S5)
(1) tiny pair of coccygeal nerves

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14
Q

Cervical plexus

A

C1-C5

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15
Q

Brachial plexus

A

C5-T1

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16
Q

Lumbar plexus

A

L1- L4

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17
Q

Sacral plexus

A

L4- S4

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18
Q

Peripheral nerves only have what

A

Only have word names - no numbers

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19
Q

Reflex is

A

Smallest, most simple, parts of nervous system that will perform all 3 functions

Sensory input- integration- motor output

20
Q

Somatic reflex is

A

Have skeletal muscles as effector

Ex- patellar, babinski and Achilles

-you can consciously control these reflexes

21
Q

Autonomic reflexes are

A

Have smooth or cardiac muscles as effector

Ex- pupillary light, oculicardiac reflex

(Can not control these reflexes)

22
Q

Peripheral nervous system is

-what % of nervous tissue

-consists of

A

-2% of nervous tissue

-consists of - cranial nerves and spinal nerves
-everything NOT the brain and spinal cord

23
Q

Peripheral nervous system has two divisions

A

Sensory (afferent) and
Motor (efferent)

24
Q

Reflex arch is

A

1- Sensory input (afferent) goes into CNS
-PNS detects & delivers stimulus into CNS
2-CNS INTEGRATES stimulus (makes decision) then goes out to Motor output in PNS
3- Motor output (efferent)
- PNS delivers motor responses from CNS to effectors

25
Q

General Senses are

A

-somatic and visceral

-senses that can be FELT/EXPERIENCED
in multiple locations on body
(Touch, temp, pain, proprioception)

26
Q

Special senses are

A

-localized receptors ( specialized organs)
-sight
-smell
- taste
-hearing and balance

27
Q

We experience senses through the action of…

A

Sensory receptors

28
Q

Sensory receptors are

A

Dendrite ends of a sensory neuron
Maybe
-specialized cell and dendrite end

-sense occurs here

29
Q

5 major type of sensory receptors

A

1: mechanoreceptors
2: thermoreceptors
3: chemoreceptors
4: photoreceptors
5: nociceptors

30
Q

Mechanoreceptors respond to

A

Touch and pressure as the stimulus

31
Q

Thermoreceptors respond to

A

Temperature as stimulus (hot and cold)

32
Q

Chemoreceptors respond to

A

Substance or chemicals as the stimulus

33
Q

Photoreceptors respond too

A

Light as the stimulus

34
Q

Nociceptors respond too

A

Pain
-respond too stimulus strong enough to cause tissue damage

35
Q

Tonic receptors

A

Almost always active (firing)
(Background tone)

36
Q

Phasic receptors are

A

Normally inactive, fire when there is a change in stimulus

37
Q

Receptive field is

A

Sensory area monitored by 1 sensory neuron (some large and some small)

-a sensory neuron can only monitor the area were dendrites are

38
Q

Receptor potential

A

A local/graded potential in a sensory neuron

39
Q

Generator potential is

A

A receptor potential that reaches threshold

(Makes a neuron fire)

40
Q

Transduction is

A

Conversion of a stimulus into an action potential

41
Q

What are the mechanoreceptors of proprioception (3)

A

1: muscle spindles
2:golgi tendon organs
3: joint capsule receptors

42
Q

What is proprioception

A

Sense of what position body is in, are the muscles flexed or relaxed

43
Q

Muscle spindles are

A

Sensory info about muscle contraction
(Are muscles relaxed or contracted)

44
Q

Golgi tendon organs are

A

Tells about tightness of tendon

45
Q

Joint capsule receptors

A

Tell joint position

46
Q

Sensory adaptation is

A

A reduction in sensitivity to a stimulus that is constant or continuous

223 A&P (9 decks)

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