Test 4-chapters 11,12 Flashcards
Brain stem consist of
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Medulla oblongata
Contains all the ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) tracts from spinal cord
-there is a major crossing over of 90% of motor fibers
3 functions of nervous system
1- sensory input (afferent)
2- integration (association- makes decision)
3- motor output (efferent goes out) carries out the decision
Central nervous system consists of
And makes up how much of nervous tissue
Brain and spinal cord
98% of nervous tissue
Peripheral nervous system consists of
Makes up how much nervous tissue
Consists of cranial nerves and spinal nerves
Makes up 2% of nervous tissue
Peripheral nervous system has two divisions
Sensory division and motor division
Motor division of the peripheral NS has two sub divisions they are
Autonomic nervous system AND
Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system controls what
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle and
Glands
Somatic nervous system controls
Skeletal muscles
Autonomic nervous system has 3 divisions
1- sympathetic nervous system
2-parasympathetic nervous system
3- Enteric division
Sympathetic N.S. Is
Controls cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands
It’s the fight or flight
3R’s= fight, flight, freeze
Parasympathetic N.S is
Controls cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands
3R’s= rest , relax, repair
Glial cells in the central nervous system are
1- astrocytes -
2-microglial cells
3- ependymal cells
4- oligodenrocyte
Astrocyte is
Neurons body guard
anchor neurons & blood vesses, formin blood brain barrier between blood and neuron
Reticular formation responsible for
ALERTNESS, ability to focus and pay attention
Reticular formation
rAS=
the ascending parts of the reticular formation can respond to most sensory stimuli, but NOT smell (smoke inhalation)
Cerebellum responsible for
Coordinating muscle activity, motor balance posture and more (sensory)
*makes things actually happen, carries out motor decision
Cerebellum is __% brain mass and
___ neurons
10% brain mass
50% neurons
Thalamus
Directs incoming sensory information to where it needs to go
-Medial geniculate (auditory)
lateral geniculate (visual)
Dorsal tier (pain)
-*Sensory localization takes place in the cerebral cortex
Epithalamus is
Pineal gland located here
-pineal gland releases hormone melatonin
Darker=more melatonin
Lighter = less melatonin
Hypothalamus controls-
Works as a ..
Function-
Nuclei control and autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system
works as your blood “taster’”, controls temp., some pleasure centers are here
Decides what hormone and how much of the hormone to use
The limbic system is known as
Called the “emotional brain”… involved in pain, pleasure, anger etc. and some memory
amygdala= rage and fear
hippocampus - maybe a little mitosis here, works in learning and memory
Hippocampus function is
Learning and memory
Association tracts
connect different areas in the same hemisphere
Commissural tracts
connect the two hemispheres
Projection tracts
connect cerebrum to other parts of the CNS (brain)
Prefrontal cortex is
-if destroyed-
Intellect, complex learning, planning, judgement, concern, personality
destroy this Portion → can’t really learn, Poor judgement, lack Personalty etc.
Premotor area is
very large region: Skilled motor behaviors (Central Pattern Generators are here)
“Muscle memory”
Primary Motor area
straightforward conscious control of skeletal muscles
(Not engrams)
Sensory Cortex areas
Experience senses
Sensory Association areas
“decide” what your senses are
If destroyed = can see but not sure what your lookin at
