Chapter 9 Lecture Muscle Anatony

Question 1

Functions of the muscular system

Answer 1

1- movement
2- stability/posture
3- guarding entrance and exits of body
4- generating heat “primary metabolic furnace”

5- nutrient reserve?

Question 2

How are skeletal muscles named?

Answer 2

-origin(head) = muscle connected to something (DOESN’T MOVE)

-INSERTION= connection site that moves

-GENERAL LOCATION=action/motion/function/size/shape/fiber pattern

Question 3

Oblique means

Longus means

Brevis mean

Answer 3

-oblique-at an angle

-longus- long

-brevis- brief, short

Question 4

Muscle fiber = is same as ..

Answer 4

Muscle fiber = muscle cell

Question 5

How do skeletal muscles “pull” on bones

Answer 5

-they must be connected to bone by connective tissue.

Question 6

Epimysium is

Answer 6

Dense irregular connective tissue

Surrounds entire muscle

Question 7

Perimysium is

Answer 7

Dense irregular connective tissue

Surrounds muscle fascicle (group or individual muscle fibers)

Question 8

Endomysium is

Answer 8

Reticular fibers that surround individual muscle cells

Question 9

Describe the connective tissues that surround a muscle and how a muscle is able to pull a bone.

Answer 9

-connective tissue that surrounds muscle is=epimysium

Muscle pulls a bone by:
-Endomysium pulls on perimysium
-perimysium pulls on epimysium
-epimysium pulls on tendon
-tendon pulls on periosteum
-periosteum pulls on bone

Question 10

Musculoskeletal levers have 3 parts..

Answer 10

Fulcrum (F) -the turning point
AND
2 forces (f)

Question 11

Where is the greatest force found?

Answer 11

Closest to the Fulcrum (F)

Question 12

force exerted by muscle only exists where

Answer 12

Muscle is INSERTED

Question 13

Class 1

Answer 13

Fulcrum in the middle
-weak or strong

Question 14

Class 2

Answer 14

Weight in middle

-strong , mechanical advantage

-force of weight-closest to fulcrum

Question 15

Class 3

Answer 15

Muscle force in middle

-always weak , mechanical disadvantage

Question 16

Ligand is..

Answer 16

Chemical or substance that can direct activity of a cell (tell cell what to do)

Question 17

Ligands can..

Answer 17

-increase or decrease cell activity
-make cells divide
-might turn on or off specific genes in a cell
- tell cells to stop/start
-OPen or close doors /channels in cell membrane of cell

Question 18

Ligands can only create a response in?

Answer 18

A specific cell

Question 19

2 general classes of a Ligand are…

Answer 19

1: lipids- smaller, go through cell membrane

2: proteins- larger, CANT go through cell membrane

Question 20

2 general classes of receptors:

Answer 20

1: membrane bound receptors- part of cell membrane

2: Intracellular receptors- receptors floating around in cytoplasm of cell

Question 21

Membrane bound receptors respond to..

Answer 21

Protein ligands cause they can’t enter the cell

Question 22

Intracellular receptors respond to.

Answer 22

Lipid ligands bc they can go through cell membrane and enter the cell

Question 23

Some cell membrane (cm) are

Answer 23

-receptors
-doors
-ion channels

Question 24

Acetylcholine (ACH, ach, Ach) is

Answer 24

A ligand that will open chemically gated sodium (Na+) ion channels on a cell membrane (cm) of skeletal muscle cells.

Question 25

Sodium potassium pump is

Answer 25

Uses active transport to “pump” out sodium (Na+) and Potassium (K+) ions through/across cell membrane

Question 26

Sodium (Na+) Potassium (K+) Pump
pumps how many sodium out and how many potassium in

Answer 26

3Na+ —-out

2K+—- In

With 1 ATP

Question 27

Resting membrane Potential inside cell is

Answer 27

-90mv in skeletal muscles