test 5 Flashcards
When does nutrition need to be assessed?
when there is a deviation from normal growth and development
What does sodium regulate
regulates extracellular fluid volume
Sodium loss can be r/t
vomiting, diarrhea and perspiration
Adequate sodium intake for children 1-3 yrs old
1000mg/day
Adequate sodium intake for children 4-8 yrs old
1200mg/day
Adequate sodium intake for children 9-18 yrs old
1500mg/day
what does potassium do?
Helps maintain intracellular homeostasis and contributes to muscle contractility and transmission of nerve impulses
Severe hypokalemia can cause
dysrhythmias and death
Severe hyperkalemia can cause
cardiac arrest
job of chloride
Functions w/ Na to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
Higher protein content in formula can lead to
higher BMIs/higher fat mass in infants/young children
Respond to cues of satiety
Do not force infants/children to empty their bottles or clean their plates; should eat until they are full
snack rules
Serve low calorie, low glycemic, and nutritious snacks
Increase fiber intake
Limit “screen time” to
2 hours or less a day; replace
Obesity in childhood is defined as
BMI greater than or equal to the 95th percentile for age or BMI greater than 30 (whichever is lower).
what chronic diseases are associated with hormonal imbalances and weight gain
hypothyroidism, cortisol excess, and GHD
Genetic conditions predispose children to being overweight
Prader-Willi syndrome
Children with a BMI greater than 85th percentile for age and gender should be screened for a number of conditions:
Abnormalities in glucose tolerance with a fasting glucose and /or an oral glucose tolerance test
- Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with liver enzyme tests of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
- Dyslipidemia with a fasting lipid panel
- Thyroid function with a thyroid panel
history of snoring, daytime somnolence
Sleep apnea
symptomatic with irregular menses, acne, or hirsutism
Polycystic ovary syndrome with a free and total testosterone level
weight management goal
not loss, in overweight child, without any other previously mentioned complications, it is expected that these children will grow into their weight and achieve a BMI less than 85th percentile
For children with an overweight-related complication,
weight loss of 1 lbs per month is an appropriate goal (more rapid weight loss in children who have not yet reached their growth potential may be associated in slowing in linear growth
When counseling an adolescent with a family history of hyperinsulinemia and type 2 diabetes, the primary care nurse practitioner will recommend avoiding what type of food.
Foods high in fructose and decreased fiber such as soda, sweetened juices, processed breads, pastries, and crackers.
High fructose consumption either as sucrose or high fructose corn syrup contributes to an increase in serum triglycerides and visceral fat that is associated with the rec
Loss occurs w/ vomiting, diarrhea and perspiration
No recommended daily value
Fundamental component of all body cells
Dietary ____ breaks down into amino acids which are required for synthesis of body cell protein and nitrogen-containing compounds
Protein
When cow’s milk is replaced with plant based milks (rice, almond) young children are vulnerable to what type of deficiency
Protein
Body’s major source of energy
45% to 65% of daily calorie intake
Two forms - simple sugar or complex
Carbohydrates
Most dietary carbs should be in what form
complex
Lipids, fats and fatty acids are used by the body to provide
energy, facilitate absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and to maintain the integrity of cell membranes and myelin
It is recommended that fat intake for children 1-3 years old be what part of their total caloric intake
30-40%
It is recommended that fat intake for children more than 3 years old be what part of their total caloric intake
25%-35%
saturated fat intake should be
minimal, less than 10%
Trans fat intake should be
excluded from the diet