Test 2 Flashcards
what is the informal process of comparing skill levels to milestones?
developmental surveillance
what are the five components that help recognize those who may be at risk during developmental surveillance?
1) Eliciting and attending to parents concerns about their child
2) Documenting and maintaining history
3) Making accurate observations
4) Identifying risks and protective factors
5) Maintaining an accurate record for documenting the process and findings *continuous dialogue with patient and family
what involves the use of standardized screening tests to identify children who require further diagnostic assessment. Uses tools to identify and refine the risk. Most used tools: Ages and Stages Questionnaire and Parents evaluation of developmental status (PEDS)
developmental screening
When are the standardized tests for the developmental screening?
age 9,18, 24 months and 3 & 4 years of age AND when a parent expresses concern
What is the legal requirement of ECI referral?
Health-care providers must by law refer a child 35 months or younger to Early Childhood Intervention services when they suspect the child has a developmental delay and/or auditory or visual impairment, or when the child has been identified with a qualifying medical diagnosis that has a high probability of resulting in a developmental delay. Federal and state regulations require ECI referral as soon as possible but no more than seven days after the suspicion or identification of a developmental delay.
what is ECI
serves families with children ages birth through 35 months who have a developmental delay, a qualifying medically diagnosed condition that has a high probability of resulting in delays, are deaf or hard of hearing, or have a visual impairment, as defined by the Texas Education Agency (TEA).
Where should Children and adolescents ages 3 through 21 years
should be referred to the local school district’s special education program for assessment. A child can be referred to a pediatric specialist or subspecialist, ideally a developmental-behavioral pediatrician or child psychologist.
Developmental screening tool for 9, 18, 24 mos
ASQ or PEDS
Developmental screening tool for 12 mos
For parental/caregiver concern or at provider discretion
What is the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Screening Tool used at 18 mos, 24 mos, 3 years (optional), 4 years (optional)
M-CHAT or M-CHAT-R/F
Speech therapy is more effective if started at a
young age
after 6 years old, what is assessed?
school performance
what is the best sleep position for a baby with reflux precautions
supine
A red flag at 15 month appointment
if not developed object permanence
speech and language At 6 months:
Infants should be responding to voices and can express themselves by babbling
speech and language at 1 year
a child should be able to say “mama” and “dada”, speak 1 additional word, and follow 1 step commands (like “sit” or “come”).
speech and language at 2 years
a child should be able to speak 2 word combinations (like “mommy, up”), follow 2-step commands (like “stand up and clap your hands”), and speech should be 50% intelligible
speech and language at 3 years
a child should be able to speak 3 word combinations, follow 3 step commands, and speech should be 75% intelligible.
speech and language at 4 years
a child should be able to speak 4 word combinations (or full sentences), follow 4 step commands, and be 100% intelligible.
Primitive reflexes diminish between
4-6 mos
Postural reflexes emerge between
3-8 mos
Persistence of primitive reflexes and lack of development of postural reflexes are the hallmark of
an upper motor neuron abnormality in an infant
Posterior fontanelle closes between
6 and 8 weeks
anterior fontanelle close is around
14 mos
by 6 mos the infants weight should
double
by 12 mos the infants weight should
triple
infant should void within how many hours after birth?
24 hours
infant should have bm within how many hours after birth
48 hours
bm may become irregular around
6 weeks old
infants only need formula/breastmilk for the first
6 mos of life
when can they start eating solid foods?
when able to control their head, sit upright alone, and have a diminished tongue thrust reflex. (6 mos)
Evaluate for peanut allergy between
4-11 mos
(There is evidence that introducing allergenic foods by 6 months may decrease the risk of developing a food allergy
spoon feeding helps
them develop oral-motor skills (tongue, lip, cheek control)
at 4-5 mos you can introduce
cereal as the first solid food
at 6-8 mos they can go how long without feeding?
6-12 hours
breast fed infants need
iron fortified foods
at what age foods may be pureed to blended foods, finger-food, and soft solids
9-12 mos
Should be weaned from bottle/pacifier
12 mos
Anticipatory guidance for sleep in infancy
- sleep to back with NO blankets, bumpers, pillows, toys, swaddling (only foot pj’s or sleep sack)
feedings are more consistent.
1-3 mos
drooling is common d/t teething and salivary gland maturation
4-5 mos
can go up to 6-12 hours without a feeding
6-8 mos
foods may be pureed to blended foods, finger-food, and soft solids
9-12 mos
a newborn fails a hearing screen…
Any newborn who does not pass the initial hearing screen must be rescreened. Any failure at rescreening should be referred for a diagnostic audiologist assessment, and any newborn with a definitive diagnosis should be referred to the state Early Intervention Program.
in microcephaly the head circumference is
less than the third percentile, even if the length and weight are proportionately low
head circumference should be plotted till
2 years old
